{"id":90281,"date":"2020-07-30T13:42:14","date_gmt":"2020-07-30T11:42:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-uma-tech-infrastrukturu-razvivala"},"modified":"2020-07-30T13:42:14","modified_gmt":"2020-07-30T11:42:14","slug":"kak-uma-tech-infrastrukturu-razvivala","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-uma-tech-infrastrukturu-razvivala","title":{"rendered":"Jak Uma.Tech infrastruktura vyv\u00edjela","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Spustili jsme nov\u00e9 slu\u017eby, provoz rostl, m\u011bnili jsme servery, p\u0159ipojovali nov\u00e9 platformy a p\u0159ed\u011bl\u00e1vali datacentra \u2013 a nyn\u00ed v\u00e1m pov\u00edme tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, jeho\u017e za\u010d\u00e1tek jsme v\u00e1m p\u0159edstavili p\u0159ed p\u011bti lety.<\/i>.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

P\u011bt let je typick\u00fd \u010das pro shrnut\u00ed mezi\u010dasu. Proto jsme se rozhodli sd\u011blit v\u00e1m, jak se vyv\u00edjela na\u0161e infrastruktura, kter\u00e1 b\u011bhem p\u011bti let pro\u0161la p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem, na kter\u00fd jsme hrd\u00ed. Uskute\u010dn\u011bn\u00e9 kvantitativn\u00ed zm\u011bny p\u0159e\u0161ly do kvalitativn\u00edch, nyn\u00ed infrastruktura m\u016f\u017ee pracovat v re\u017eimech, kter\u00e9 na za\u010d\u00e1tku uplynul\u00e9 dek\u00e1dy vypadaly jako sci-fi. <\/p>\n

Zaji\u0161\u0165ujeme provoz nejkomplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch projekt\u016f s nejp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi po\u017eadavky na spolehlivost a z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e, mezi nimi\u017e jsou PREMIER a Match TV. Na sportovn\u00edch p\u0159enosech a na premi\u00e9r\u00e1ch popul\u00e1rn\u00edch seri\u00e1l\u016f je t\u0159eba p\u0159enosu dat v terabitech\/s, co\u017e snadno realizujeme a tak \u010dasto, \u017ee pr\u00e1ce s takov\u00fdmi rychlostmi se pro n\u00e1s d\u00e1vno stala b\u011b\u017enou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. A p\u0159ed p\u011bti lety byl nejn\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm projektem, kter\u00fd b\u011b\u017eel na na\u0161ich syst\u00e9mech, Rutube, kter\u00fd od t\u00e9 doby rostl, zvy\u0161oval objemy a provoz, co\u017e bylo t\u0159eba zohlednit p\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zmi\u0148ovali jsme se o tom, jak jsme rozv\u00edjeli \u201ehardware\u201c na\u0161\u00ed infrastruktury (\u201eRutube 2009-2015: historie na\u0161eho hardwaru\u201c<\/a><\/noindex>) a vyv\u00edjeli syst\u00e9m odpov\u011bdn\u00fd za p\u0159enos videa (\u201eOd nuly do 700 gigabit\u016f za sekundu \u2013 jak p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed video jeden z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch videohosting\u016f v Rusku\u201c<\/a><\/noindex>), ale od naps\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto text\u016f uplynulo hodn\u011b \u010dasu, byla vytvo\u0159ena a implementov\u00e1na \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, jejich\u017e v\u00fdsledky n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed odpov\u00eddat dne\u0161n\u00edm po\u017eadavk\u016fm a b\u00fdt dostate\u010dn\u011b pru\u017en\u00ed, abychom se p\u0159izp\u016fsobili nov\u00fdm \u00fakol\u016fm.<\/p>\n

\"Jak
\n
\nJ\u00e1dro s\u00edt\u011b<\/b> neust\u00e1le rozv\u00edj\u00edme. Na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Cisco jsme p\u0159e\u0161li v roce 2015, o \u010dem\u017e jsme se zmi\u0148ovali u\u017e v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku. Tehdy to bylo st\u00e1le 10\/40G, ale z pochopiteln\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f jsme b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika let modernizovali st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161asi a nyn\u00ed aktivn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me i 25\/100G. <\/p>\n

\"Jak
\n
\nLinky 100G u\u017e d\u00e1vno nejsou ani luxusem (sp\u00ed\u0161e jsou nal\u00e9hav\u00fdm po\u017eadavkem doby v na\u0161em segmentu), ani vz\u00e1cnost\u00ed (\u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edce oper\u00e1tor\u016f poskytuje p\u0159ipojen\u00ed o t\u011bchto rychlostech). Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, 10\/40G z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 relevantn\u00ed: prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm t\u011bchto odkaz\u016f i nad\u00e1le p\u0159ipojujeme oper\u00e1tory s mal\u00fdm objemem dat, u kter\u00fdch v sou\u010dasnosti nen\u00ed rozumn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvat v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed port.<\/p>\n

Na\u0161e vznikl\u00e9 s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 j\u00e1dro si zaslou\u017e\u00ed samostatn\u00e9 zhodnocen\u00ed a pozd\u011bji se stane t\u00e9matem samostatn\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku. Tam se pono\u0159\u00edme do technick\u00fdch detail\u016f a prozkoum\u00e1me logiku na\u0161ich \u010din\u016f p\u0159i jeho vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Ale nyn\u00ed budeme pokra\u010dovat v n\u00e1kresu infrastruktury pon\u011bkud schematicky, proto\u017ee va\u0161e pozornost, v\u00e1\u017een\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i, nen\u00ed nekone\u010dn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Servery pro streaming videa <\/b>se rychle vyv\u00edjej\u00ed, a proto nab\u00edz\u00edme nemal\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco d\u0159\u00edve jsme pou\u017e\u00edvali p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b servery 2U se 4-5 s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdmi kartami, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 karta m\u011bla dva 10G porty, nyn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161ina datov\u00e9ho toku poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze server\u016f 1U, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed 2-3 karty, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 m\u00e1 dva 25G porty. Karty s 10G a 25G se cenov\u011b t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 vyrovnaly, a rychlej\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed poskytovat jak p\u0159i 10G, tak 25G. V\u00fdsledkem je z\u0159ejm\u00e1 \u00faspora: m\u00e9n\u011b komponent\u016f serveru a kabel\u016f pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed \u2013 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed cena (a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed spolehlivost), komponenty zaberou m\u00e9n\u011b m\u00edsta v racku \u2013 bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 um\u00edstit v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det server\u016f na jednotkovou plochu a t\u00edm p\u00e1dem se sn\u00ed\u017eila i cena pron\u00e1jmu.<\/p>\n

Ale d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed rychlosti! Nyn\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme s 1U poskytovat v\u00edce ne\u017e 100G! A to v situaci, kdy n\u011bkter\u00e9 velk\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 projekty pova\u017euj\u00ed za \u201e\u00fasp\u011bch\u201c poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed 40G s 2U. A\u0165 maj\u00ed jejich probl\u00e9my!<\/p>\n

\"Jak
\n
\nV\u0161imn\u011bte si, \u017ee generaci s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch karet, kter\u00e9 um\u011bj\u00ed pracovat pouze na 10G, nad\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me. Toto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed stabiln\u011b funguje a je n\u00e1m v\u00fdborn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9, proto jsme ho nevy\u0159adili, ale na\u0161li jsme mu nov\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Tyto komponenty jsme nainstalovali do server\u016f pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed videa, kter\u00fdm u\u017e pro efektivn\u00ed provoz zjevn\u011b nesta\u010d\u00ed jedno nebo dv\u011b 1G rozhran\u00ed, zde se 10G karty staly aktu\u00e1ln\u00edmi.<\/p>\n

\u00dalo\u017en\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/b> tak\u00e9 rostou. B\u011bhem uplynul\u00fdch p\u011bti let se z dvan\u00e1ctidiskov\u00fdch (12x HDD 2U) staly t\u0159icet\u0161estidiskov\u00e9 (36x HDD 4U). Takov\u00e9 objemn\u00e9 \"sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ky\" se n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed boj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat, proto\u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poruchy jednoho takov\u00e9ho \u0161asi m\u016f\u017ee hrozit sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonu \u2013 a dokonce i funk\u010dnosti! \u2013 cel\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Ale u n\u00e1s se to nestane: zajistili jsme z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed na \u00farovni georozlo\u017een\u00fdch kopi\u00ed dat. Rozlo\u017eili jsme \u0161asi do r\u016fzn\u00fdch datov\u00fdch center \u2013 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me celkem t\u0159i \u2013 co\u017e eliminuje vznik probl\u00e9m\u016f jak p\u0159i selh\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161asi, tak p\u0159i v\u00fdpadku are\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n

\"Jak
\n
\nSamoz\u0159ejm\u011b, takov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup u\u010dinil hardwarov\u00fd RAID nadbyte\u010dn\u00fdm, od kter\u00e9ho jsme upustili. T\u00edm, \u017ee jsme se zbavili redundantnosti, jsme z\u00e1rove\u0148 zv\u00fd\u0161ili spolehlivost syst\u00e9mu, zjednodu\u0161ili \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a odstranili jeden z potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch bod\u016f selh\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159ipome\u0148me, \u017ee na\u0161e \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b jsou \"na m\u00edru vyroben\u00e1\". K tomu jsme se rozhodli zcela v\u011bdom\u011b a v\u00fdsledek n\u00e1s pln\u011b uspokojil.<\/p>\n

Datov\u00e1 centra<\/b> b\u011bhem posledn\u00edch p\u011bti let jsme m\u011bnili n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t. Od doby naps\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00edho \u010dl\u00e1nku jsme nezm\u011bnili pouze jedno datov\u00e9 centrum \u2013 DataLine \u2013 ostatn\u00ed vy\u017e\u00e1daly v\u00fdm\u011bnu, jak se na\u0161e infrastruktura vyv\u00edjela. V\u0161echny p\u0159esuny mezi are\u00e1ly byly pl\u00e1novan\u00e9.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed dv\u011bma lety jsme migrovali uvnit\u0159 MMTS-9, p\u0159estoupili na m\u00edsto s kvalitn\u00ed rekonstrukc\u00ed, dobr\u00fdm chladic\u00edm syst\u00e9mem, stabiln\u00edm nap\u00e1jen\u00edm a bez prachu, kter\u00fd d\u0159\u00edve pokr\u00fdval siln\u00e9 vrstvy na v\u0161ech povr\u0161\u00edch a hojn\u011b zan\u00e1\u0161el vnit\u0159nosti na\u0161eho vybaven\u00ed. V\u00fdb\u011br v prosp\u011bch kvalitn\u00edch slu\u017eeb \u2013 a absence prachu! \u2013 byl d\u016fvodem na\u0161eho p\u0159esunu.<\/p>\n

\"Jak
\n
\nT\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy \"jeden p\u0159esun se rovn\u00e1 dv\u011bma po\u017e\u00e1r\u016fm\", ale probl\u00e9my p\u0159i migraci jsou poka\u017ed\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9. Tentokr\u00e1t hlavn\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017e p\u0159i p\u0159esunu uvnit\u0159 jednoho datov\u00e9ho centra \"zajistily\" optick\u00e9 krosy \u2013 jejich mezi-patrov\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed bez slou\u010den\u00ed do jedn\u00e9 krosov\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ky ze strany telekomunika\u010dn\u00edch oper\u00e1tor\u016f. Proces aktualizace a p\u0159epl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed krosov\u00e1n\u00ed (v \u010dem\u017e n\u00e1m pomohli in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i MMTS-9) byl, mo\u017en\u00e1, nejkomplikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edm etapou migrace.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00e1 migrace prob\u011bhla p\u0159ed rokem, v roce 2019 jsme se p\u0159est\u011bhovali z m\u00e9n\u011b kvalitn\u00edho datov\u00e9ho centra do O2xygen. D\u016fvody p\u0159est\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed byly podobn\u00e9 t\u011bm uveden\u00fdm v\u00fd\u0161e, ale p\u0159idala se k nim i probl\u00e9m atraktivity v\u00fdchoz\u00edho datov\u00e9ho centra pro oper\u00e1tory \u2013 mnoh\u00e9 poskytovatele bylo nutn\u00e9 \"dot\u00e1hnout\" do tohoto bodu vlastn\u00edmi silami.<\/p>\n

\"Jak
\n
\nMigrace 13 rack\u016f na kvalitn\u00ed prostor v MMTS-9 umo\u017enila rozv\u00edjet tuto lokaci nejen jako oper\u00e1torskou (n\u011bkolik rack\u016f a \"propojen\u00ed\" oper\u00e1tor\u016f), ale i vyu\u017e\u00edt ji jako jednu z hlavn\u00edch. To zna\u010dn\u011b zjednodu\u0161ilo migraci z m\u00e9n\u011b kvalitn\u00edho datov\u00e9ho centra \u2013 v\u011bt\u0161inu vybaven\u00ed jsme p\u0159em\u00edstili na jinou lokalitu a O2xygen jsme p\u0159id\u011blili roli rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edho se, kdy\u017e jsme tam poslali 5 rack\u016f s vybaven\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Dnes je O2xygen plnohodnotn\u00fdm prostorem, do kter\u00e9ho p\u0159i\u0161li pot\u0159ebn\u00ed oper\u00e1to\u0159i a nad\u00e1le se p\u0159ipojuj\u00ed nov\u00ed. Pro oper\u00e1tory byl O2xygen tak\u00e9 atraktivn\u00ed z hlediska strategick\u00e9ho rozvoje.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed f\u00e1zi st\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u017edy prov\u00e1d\u00edme p\u0159es noc, a p\u0159i migraci uvnit\u0159 MMTS-9 a na O2xygen jsme se tohoto pravidla dr\u017eeli. Zd\u016fraz\u0148ujeme, \u017ee pravidlo \"st\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159es noc\" p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b dodr\u017eujeme bez ohledu na po\u010det rack\u016f! Dokonce byl i precedent, kdy jsme p\u0159esouvli 20 rack\u016f a zvl\u00e1dli to tak\u00e9 za jednu noc. Migrace je relativn\u011b jednoduch\u00fd proces, vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed preciznost a posloupnost, ale i tam existuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 finty, a\u0165 u\u017e v procesu p\u0159\u00edpravy, p\u0159i st\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo p\u0159i nasazov\u00e1n\u00ed na nov\u00e9 lokaci. O migraci v detailech jsme p\u0159ipraveni podrobn\u011b hovo\u0159it, pokud budete m\u00edt z\u00e1jem.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky<\/b> P\u011btiletky rozvoje se n\u00e1m l\u00edb\u00ed. Dokon\u010dili jsme vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9 odoln\u00e9 infrastruktury rozlo\u017een\u00e9 ve t\u0159ech datov\u00fdch centrech. V\u00fdrazn\u011b jsme zv\u00fd\u0161ili hustotu p\u0159enosu dat \u2013 pokud jsme ned\u00e1vno s 2U byli r\u00e1di za 40-80G, nyn\u00ed je pro n\u00e1s normou dod\u00e1vat 100G s 1U. Nyn\u00ed i terabitov\u00fd provoz vn\u00edm\u00e1me jako samoz\u0159ejmost. Jsme p\u0159ipraveni d\u00e1le rozv\u00edjet na\u0161i infrastrukturu, kter\u00e1 se uk\u00e1zala jako flexibiln\u00ed a \u0161k\u00e1lovateln\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ot\u00e1zka: <\/b>O \u010dem bychom se s v\u00e1mi, v\u00e1\u017een\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i, m\u011bli pod\u011blit v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch textech? O tom, pro\u010d jsme za\u010dali vytv\u00e1\u0159et vlastn\u00ed syst\u00e9my pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat? O s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9m j\u00e1dru a jeho specifikac\u00edch? O trik\u00e1ch a nuanc\u00edch migrace mezi datov\u00fdmi centra? O optimalizaci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro v\u00fdkon skl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm komponent\u016f a jemn\u00fdm lad\u011bn\u00edm parametr\u016f? O vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed odoln\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm opakovan\u00e9ho z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed a horizont\u00e1ln\u00edch mo\u017enost\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u00e1mci datov\u00e9ho centra, kter\u00e9 bylo realizov\u00e1no ve struktu\u0159e t\u0159\u00ed DC?<\/p>\n

Autor: Petr Vinogradov \u2014 Technick\u00fd \u0159editel Uma.Tech Hamst\u0159i<\/a><\/noindex> <\/i>
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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