{"id":90611,"date":"2020-08-03T13:42:18","date_gmt":"2020-08-03T11:42:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-8"},"modified":"2020-08-03T13:42:18","modified_gmt":"2020-08-03T11:42:18","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-5-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-8","title":{"rendered":"Uvoln\u011bn\u00ed j\u00e1dra Linux 5.8","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po dvou m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdvoje Linus Torvalds <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lkml.org\/lkml\/2020\/8\/2\/293\">p\u0159edstavil<\/a><\/noindex> j\u00e1drn\u00fd release <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kernel.org\">Linux 5.8<\/a><\/noindex>. Mezi nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bny pat\u0159\u00ed detektor z\u00e1vodn\u00edch podm\u00ednek KCSAN, univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed mechanismus doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch ozn\u00e1men\u00ed, podpora hardwaru pro inline \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 mechanismy pro ARM64, podpora rusk\u00e9ho procesoru Baikal-T1, mo\u017enost odd\u011blen\u00e9ho p\u0159ipojen\u00ed instanc\u00ed procfs, implementace mechanism\u016f ochrany Shadow Call Stack a BTI pro ARM64.<\/p>\n<p>J\u00e1dro 5.8 se stalo nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00edm co do po\u010dtu zm\u011bn ze v\u0161ech jader v cel\u00e9 historii projektu. P\u0159itom zm\u011bny nejsou spojeny s n\u011bjak\u00fdm jedn\u00edm podsyst\u00e9mem, ale pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti j\u00e1dra a jsou zejm\u00e9na spojeny s intern\u00edmi p\u0159epracov\u00e1n\u00edmi a \u00faklidem. Nejv\u00edce zm\u011bn je zaznamen\u00e1no v ovlada\u010d\u00edch. Do nov\u00e9 verze bylo p\u0159ijato 17606 oprav od 2081 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kter\u00e9 se dotkly p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 20 % v\u0161ech soubor\u016f v repozit\u00e1\u0159i s k\u00f3dem j\u00e1dra. Velikost patche - 65 MB (zm\u011bny se dotkly 16180 soubor\u016f, p\u0159id\u00e1no 1043240 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f k\u00f3du, odstran\u011bno 489854 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f). Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed v v\u011btvi 5.7 bylo provedeno 15033 oprav a velikost patche \u010dinila 39 MB. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 37 % v\u0161ech p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00fdch zm\u011bn v 5.8 souvis\u00ed s ovlada\u010di za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 16 % zm\u011bn se t\u00fdk\u00e1 aktualizace k\u00f3du specifick\u00e9ho pro hardwarov\u00e9 architektury, 11 % souvis\u00ed se s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdm stackem, 3 % - s filesyst\u00e9my a 4 % s intern\u00edmi podsyst\u00e9my j\u00e1dra. <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kernelnewbies.org\/Linux_5.8\">Hlavn\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/822527\/\">novinky<\/a><\/noindex>:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualizace a bezpe\u010dnost<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno blokov\u00e1n\u00ed na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed modul\u016f j\u00e1dra, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed sekce s k\u00f3dem, v nich\u017e jsou sou\u010dasn\u011b nastaveny bity povoluj\u00edc\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed a z\u00e1pis. Zm\u011bna byla realizov\u00e1na v r\u00e1mci v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho projektu na zbaven\u00ed j\u00e1dra pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed a z\u00e1pis.\n<li class=\"l\"> Objevila se mo\u017enost vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed samostatn\u00fdch instanc\u00ed procfs, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat n\u011bkolik bod\u016f p\u0159ipojen\u00ed procfs namontovan\u00fdch s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi mo\u017enostmi, ale odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00edch jedno jmenn\u00fd prostor identifik\u00e1tor\u016f proces\u016f (pid namespace). D\u0159\u00edve v\u0161echny body p\u0159ipojen\u00ed procfs pouze zrcadlily jedno vnit\u0159n\u00ed zastoupen\u00ed a jak\u00e1koliv zm\u011bna parametr\u016f p\u0159ipojen\u00ed se projevila na v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch bodech p\u0159ipojen\u00ed p\u0159idru\u017een\u00fdch ke stejn\u00e9mu jmenn\u00e9mu prostoru identifik\u00e1tor\u016f proces\u016f. Mezi oblastmi, ve kter\u00fdch m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt po\u017eadov\u00e1no p\u0159ipojen\u00ed s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi mo\u017enostmi, je realizace lehk\u00e9 izolace pro vestav\u011bn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my s mo\u017enost\u00ed skryt\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch typ\u016f proces\u016f a informa\u010dn\u00edch uzl\u016f v procfs.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro platformu ARM64 byla implementov\u00e1na podpora mechanismu<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/clang.llvm.org\/docs\/ShadowCallStack.html\">Shadow-Call Stack<\/a><\/noindex>, poskytovan\u00e1 kompil\u00e1torem Clang pro ochranu proti p\u0159episov\u00e1n\u00ed adresy n\u00e1vratu z funkce v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed z\u00e1sobn\u00edku. Podstata ochrany spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v ulo\u017een\u00ed adresy n\u00e1vratu na samostatn\u00e9m \u201est\u00ednov\u00e9m\u201c z\u00e1sobn\u00edku po p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed funkci a vyta\u017een\u00ed t\u00e9to adresy p\u0159ed opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm funkce.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro platformu ARM64 byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora instrukc\u00ed <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/developer.arm.com\/docs\/ddi0602\/f\/base-instructions-alphabetic-order\/bti-branch-target-identification\">ARMv8.5-BTI<\/a><\/noindex> (Branch Target Indicator) pro ochranu prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed sad instrukc\u00ed, na kter\u00e9 by nem\u011bly b\u00fdt prov\u00e1d\u011bny skoky p\u0159i v\u011btven\u00ed. Blokov\u00e1n\u00ed skok\u016f na libovoln\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti k\u00f3du je realizov\u00e1no k protiopat\u0159en\u00ed proti vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed gadget\u016f v exploitech vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch techniky n\u00e1vratov\u011b orientovan\u00e9ho programov\u00e1n\u00ed (ROP - Return-Oriented Programming, \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk se nesna\u017e\u00ed um\u00edstit sv\u016fj k\u00f3d do pam\u011bti, ale operuje se ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edmi \u00faseky strojov\u00fdch instrukc\u00ed, kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edmi instrukc\u00ed n\u00e1vratu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, z nich\u017e se vybudov\u00e1v\u00e1 \u0159et\u011bzec vol\u00e1n\u00ed pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00e9 funk\u010dnosti).\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora hardwaru pro inline-\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed blokov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/latest\/block\/inline-encryption.html\">Inline Encryption<\/a><\/noindex>). Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed inline-\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou obvykle zabudov\u00e1na do \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b, ale logicky se nach\u00e1z\u00ed mezi syst\u00e9movou pam\u011bt\u00ed a diskem, prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u016fhledn\u00e9 \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed a de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu na z\u00e1klad\u011b kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f a algoritmu \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed zadan\u00e9ho j\u00e1drem.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n parametr p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1dku j\u00e1dra \u201einitrdmem\u201c, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje uv\u00e9st fyzickou adresu um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed initrd v pam\u011bti p\u0159i um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edho zav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00edho obrazu do RAM.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny nov\u00e9 capability: CAP_PERFMON pro p\u0159\u00edstup k subsyst\u00e9mu perf a prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonu. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/a17b53c4a4b5\">CAP_BPF<\/a><\/noindex>, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bt n\u011bkter\u00e9 operace s BPF (nap\u0159\u00edklad na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed BPF program\u016f), kter\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edve vy\u017eadovaly opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed CAP_SYS_ADMIN (nyn\u00ed jsou pravomoci CAP_SYS_ADMIN rozd\u011bleny na kombinaci CAP_BPF, CAP_PERFMON a CAP_NET_ADMIN).\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/5f1f79bbc9e2\">Bylo p\u0159id\u00e1no<\/a><\/noindex> nov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed virtio-mem, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje realizaci hork\u00e9ho p\u0159ipojen\u00ed a odpojen\u00ed pam\u011bti k hostitelsk\u00fdm syst\u00e9m\u016fm.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bylo implementov\u00e1no zru\u0161en\u00ed operac\u00ed mapov\u00e1n\u00ed v \/dev\/mem, pokud ovlada\u010d za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se oblasti pam\u011bti.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na ochrana proti zranitelnosti <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53126\">CROSSTalk\/SRBDS<\/a><\/noindex>, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje obnovit v\u00fdsledky prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch instrukc\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch na jin\u00e9m j\u00e1dru CPU.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pam\u011b\u0165 a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do dokumentu, kter\u00fd stanov\u00ed pravidla pro form\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00f3du, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53342\">byly p\u0159ijaty<\/a><\/noindex> Doporu\u010den\u00ed pro pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed inkluzivn\u00ed terminologie. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm se nedoporu\u010duje pou\u017e\u00edvat spojen\u00ed 'master \/ slave' a 'blacklist \/ whitelist', ani samostatn\u00e9 slovo 'slave'. Tato doporu\u010den\u00ed se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed pouze nov\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto term\u00edn\u016f. St\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed zm\u00ednky o uveden\u00fdch slovech v j\u00e1d\u0159e z\u016fstanou nedot\u010deny. V nov\u00e9m k\u00f3du je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed uveden\u00fdch term\u00edn\u016f povoleno, pokud to vy\u017eaduje zachov\u00e1n\u00ed API a ABI vyd\u00e1van\u00e9ho pro u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed, a tak\u00e9 p\u0159i aktualizaci k\u00f3du pro podporu st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho hardwaru nebo protokol\u016f, jejich\u017e specifikace vy\u017eaduj\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch term\u00edn\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl zahrnut ladic\u00ed n\u00e1stroj <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/latest\/dev-tools\/kcsan.html\">KCSAN<\/a><\/noindex> (Kernel Concurrency Sanitizer), ur\u010den\u00fd pro dynamick\u00e9 odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8\">st\u00e1t\u016f z\u00e1vod\u016f<\/a><\/noindex> uvnit\u0159 j\u00e1dra. Pou\u017eit\u00ed KCSAN je podporov\u00e1no p\u0159i kompilaci v GCC a Clang a vy\u017eaduje p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch modifikac\u00ed ve f\u00e1zi kompilace pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k pam\u011bti (pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se breakpointy, kter\u00e9 se spou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed nebo zm\u011bn\u011b pam\u011bti). Hlavn\u00ed d\u016fraz p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji KCSAN byl kladen na prevenci fale\u0161n\u00fdch pozitiv, \u0161k\u00e1lovatelnost a jednoduchost pou\u017eit\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u0159id\u00e1no <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/latest\/watch_queue.html\">univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed mechanismus<\/a><\/noindex> doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed notifikac\u00ed z j\u00e1dra do u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru. Mechanismus je zalo\u017een na standardn\u00edm ovlada\u010di pipe a efektivn\u011b rozd\u011bluje notifikace z j\u00e1dra p\u0159es kan\u00e1ly otev\u0159en\u00e9 v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru. Bod p\u0159ijet\u00ed notifikac\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed pipe, kter\u00e9 byly otev\u0159eny ve speci\u00e1ln\u00edm re\u017eimu a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed akumulaci zpr\u00e1v z j\u00e1dra v kruhov\u00e9m bufferu. \u010cten\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 pomoc\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 funkce read(). Vlastn\u00edk kan\u00e1lu ur\u010duje, kter\u00e9 zdroje v j\u00e1d\u0159e je t\u0159eba sledovat a m\u016f\u017ee definovat filtr pro ignorov\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1v a ud\u00e1lost\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho typu. Zat\u00edm jsou podporov\u00e1ny pouze operace se kl\u00ed\u010di, jako je p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed\/odebr\u00e1n\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f a zm\u011bna jejich atribut\u016f. Tyto ud\u00e1losti pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edt v GNOME.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010duje v\u00fdvoj funk\u010dnosti 'pidfd', kter\u00e1 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 zpracov\u00e1vat situace s op\u011btovn\u00fdm pou\u017eit\u00edm PID (pidfd je spojeno s konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm procesem a nem\u011bn\u00ed se, zat\u00edmco PID m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159i\u0159azeno jin\u00e9mu procesu po ukon\u010den\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho procesu, kter\u00fd s t\u00edmto PID souvis\u00ed). V nov\u00e9 verzi byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pou\u017eit\u00ed pidfd pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed procesu k prostor\u016fm n\u00e1zv\u016f (povolen\u00ed specifikace pidfd p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed setns). Pou\u017eit\u00ed pidfd umo\u017e\u0148uje jedn\u00edm vol\u00e1n\u00edm \u0159\u00eddit p\u0159ipojen\u00ed procesu k n\u011bkolika typ\u016fm prostor\u016f n\u00e1zv\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se v\u00fdrazn\u011b zkracuje po\u010det pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed a zaji\u0161\u0165uje p\u0159ipojen\u00ed v atomick\u00e9m re\u017eimu (pokud dojde p\u0159i p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k jednomu z n\u00e1zvov\u00fdch prostor\u016f k chyb\u011b, ostatn\u00ed se tak\u00e9 nep\u0159ipoj\u00ed).\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na nov\u00e1 syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 vol\u00e1n\u00ed faccessat2(), kter\u00e1 se li\u0161\u00ed od<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man2\/faccessat.2.html\">faccessat()<\/a><\/noindex> dal\u0161\u00edm argumentem s p\u0159\u00edznaky, kter\u00e9 odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00edm POSIX (d\u0159\u00edve byly tyto p\u0159\u00edznaky emulov\u00e1ny v knihovn\u011b C, zat\u00edmco nov\u00fd faccessat2 umo\u017e\u0148uje jejich implementaci v j\u00e1d\u0159e).<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> V Cgroup <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/4b82ab4f2883\">byla p\u0159id\u00e1na<\/a><\/noindex> nastaven\u00ed memory.swap.high, kter\u00e9 lze vyu\u017e\u00edt k zpomalen\u00ed \u00faloh zab\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho m\u00edsta v oblasti swapu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do rozhran\u00ed asynchronn\u00edho vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50631#io_uring\">io_uring<\/a><\/noindex> byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed tee().\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n mechanismus \u201e<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/818714\/\">BPF iterator<\/a><\/noindex>, ur\u010den\u00fd k v\u00fdstupu do u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru obsahu struktur j\u00e1dra.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/97abb2b39682\">Byla poskytnuta<\/a><\/noindex> mo\u017enost pou\u017eit\u00ed kruhov\u00e9ho bufferu pro v\u00fdm\u011bnu dat mezi BPF programy.\n<li class=\"l\"> V mechanismu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/latest\/core-api\/padata.html\">padata<\/a><\/noindex>, ur\u010den\u00fd k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed paraleln\u00edho vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u00faloh v j\u00e1dru, byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro v\u00edcero vl\u00e1knov\u00e9 \u00falohy s vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do mechanismu pstore, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje uchov\u00e1n\u00ed ladic\u00ed informace o p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u011b hav\u00e1rie v oblasti pam\u011bti, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed ztracena mezi restartov\u00e1n\u00edmi,  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/649304c936cd\">p\u0159id\u00e1n<\/a><\/noindex> backend pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed na blokov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch.\n<li class=\"l\"> Z v\u011btve j\u00e1dra PREEMPT_RT <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=91710728d172\">byla p\u0159enesena<\/a><\/noindex> realizace lok\u00e1ln\u00edch z\u00e1mk\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/2b43470add8c\">P\u0159id\u00e1no<\/a><\/noindex> nov\u00e9 API pro alokaci buffer\u016f (AF_XDP), zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed psan\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch ovlada\u010d\u016f s podporou XDP (eXpress Data Path).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro architekturu RISC-V byla realizov\u00e1na podpora lad\u011bn\u00ed komponent j\u00e1dra pomoc\u00ed KGDB.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u0159ed vyd\u00e1n\u00edm 4.8 byly zv\u00fd\u0161eny po\u017eadavky na verzi GCC, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eita pro sestaven\u00ed j\u00e1dra. V jednom z n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch vyd\u00e1n\u00ed se pl\u00e1nuje zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed limitu na GCC 4.9.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Diskov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m, vstup\/v\u00fdstup a souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V Device Mapper <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=d3c7b35c20d6\">p\u0159id\u00e1n<\/a><\/noindex> nov\u00fd zpracovatel dm-ebs (emulate block size), kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eit pro emulaci men\u0161\u00ed velikosti logick\u00e9ho bloku (nap\u0159. pro emulaci 512-bytov\u00fdch sektor\u016f na disc\u00edch s velikost\u00ed sektoru 4K).\n<li class=\"l\"> V souborov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu F2FS byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora komprese pomoc\u00ed algoritmu LZO-RLE.\n<li class=\"l\"> V dm-crypt <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=27f5411a718c431c20007e3a2fbba6589942d04f\">byla p\u0159id\u00e1na<\/a><\/noindex> podpora \u0161ifrovan\u00fdch kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> V Btrfs bylo zlep\u0161eno zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed operac\u00ed \u010dten\u00ed v re\u017eimu p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu. P\u0159i montov\u00e1n\u00ed <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=a619b3c7abdd585cdd003effa1773e627aa8a44e\">zrychleno<\/a><\/noindex> kontrola vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch a adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kter\u00e9 z\u016fstaly bez rodi\u010de.\n<li class=\"l\"> V CIFS byl p\u0159id\u00e1n parametr \u201enodelete\u201c, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje standardn\u00ed kontroly pr\u00e1v na serveru, ale zakazuje klientovi mazat soubory nebo adres\u00e1\u0159e.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve Ext4 bylo zlep\u0161eno zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed chyby <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man2\/creat.2.html\">ENOSPC<\/a><\/noindex> p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed v\u00edcero vl\u00e1kna. V xattr byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro prostor n\u00e1zv\u016f gnu.*, kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v GNU Hurd.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro Ext4 a XFS byla zahrnuta podpora operac\u00ed DAX (p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k FS obch\u00e1z\u00ed str\u00e1nkovou cache bez pou\u017eit\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b blokov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed) v\u00e1zan\u00fdch na jednotliv\u00e9 soubory a adres\u00e1\u0159e.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man2\/statx.2.html\">statx()<\/a><\/noindex> byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/83d9088659e8\">STATX_ATTR_DAX<\/a><\/noindex>, p\u0159i jeho\u017e pou\u017eit\u00ed se informace z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed pomoc\u00ed mechanismu DAX.\n<li class=\"l\"> V EXFAT <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/476189c0ef3b658de3f6b89fd0fdeb6dc451b564\">byla p\u0159id\u00e1na<\/a><\/noindex> podpora verifikace spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed oblasti.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve FAT <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/898310032b96c198014a8bbace0fd26259b2db77\">vylep\u0161ena<\/a><\/noindex> p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed prvk\u016f FS. Testov\u00e1n\u00ed pomal\u00e9ho 2TB USB jednotky uk\u00e1zalo zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed doby zkou\u0161ky z 383 na 51 sek.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 subsyst\u00e9m<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V kodexu pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pr\u00e1ce s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch most\u016f <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/45c9cbec425c\">byla p\u0159id\u00e1na<\/a><\/noindex> podpora protokolu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Media_Redundancy_Protocol\">MRP<\/a><\/noindex> (Media Redundancy Protocol), kter\u00fd zaji\u0161\u0165uje odolnost proti selh\u00e1n\u00ed, uzav\u0159en\u00edm n\u011bkolika Ethernetov\u00fdch p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d\u016f do smy\u010dky.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed provozu (Tc) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/a51c328df310\">bylo p\u0159id\u00e1no<\/a><\/noindex> nov\u00e1 akce \u201egate\u201c, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje definovat \u010dasov\u00e9 intervaly pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a odm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch paket\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do j\u00e1dra a utilit\u011b ethtool byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora funkc\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ipojen\u00e9ho s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho kabelu a sebediagnosti\u010dky s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do IPv6 z\u00e1sobn\u00edku byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora algoritmu MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) pro sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f s pou\u017eit\u00edm v\u00edcetopologov\u00e9 p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed podle zna\u010dek (podpora MPLS pro IPv4 byla ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve).\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora p\u0159enosu paket\u016f IKE (Internet Key Exchange) a IPSec p\u0159es TCP (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc8229\">RFC 8229<\/a><\/noindex>) pro obch\u00e1zen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fdch blokac\u00ed UDP.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=aa4d16e44f60\">Bylo p\u0159id\u00e1no<\/a><\/noindex> s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 blokov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed rnbd, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje organizovat vzd\u00e1len\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k blokov\u00e9mu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pomoc\u00ed transportu RDMA (InfiniBand, RoCE, iWARP) a protokolu RTRS.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve TCP z\u00e1sobn\u00edku <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=ccd0628fca440268711560a1dbacc727b4f9e214\">byla p\u0159id\u00e1na<\/a><\/noindex> podpora komprese rozsah\u016f v odpov\u011bd\u00edch na v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00e9 potvrzen\u00ed (selective acknowledgment, SACK).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro IPv6 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=d29245692a44d71d5e2e0770463184a693696232\">byla implementov\u00e1na<\/a><\/noindex> podpora TCP-LD (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc6069\">RFC 6069<\/a><\/noindex>, dlouh\u00e9 p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed konektivity).\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Hardware<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V DRM ovlada\u010di i915 pro grafick\u00e9 karty Intel byla ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed zahrnuta podpora \u010dip\u016f Intel Tiger Lake (GEN12), pro kter\u00e9 byla tak\u00e9 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=8ca6d0237d1696060cd4f5a3ee93ee001c1a9d5b\">byla implementov\u00e1na<\/a><\/noindex> mo\u017enost pou\u017eit\u00ed syst\u00e9mu SAGV (System Agent Geyserville) pro dynamick\u00e9 p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed frekvence a nap\u011bt\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na po\u017eadavc\u00edch na spot\u0159ebu energie nebo v\u00fdkon.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovlada\u010di amdgpu byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pixelov\u00e9ho form\u00e1tu FP16 a byla realizov\u00e1na mo\u017enost pr\u00e1ce s \u0161ifrovan\u00fdmi buffery ve video pam\u011bti (TMZ, Trusted Memory Zone).\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora senzor\u016f spot\u0159eby energie procesor\u016f AMD Zen a Zen2, stejn\u011b jako senzor\u016f teploty AMD Ryzen 4000 Renoir. Pro AMD Zen a Zen2 byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna podpora z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o spot\u0159eb\u011b energie prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm rozhran\u00ed <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/20200515215733.20647-1-eranian@google.com\/\">RAPL<\/a><\/noindex> (Running Average Power Limit).\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovlada\u010di Nouveau byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora form\u00e1tu modifik\u00e1tor\u016f NVIDIA. Pro gv100 byla realizov\u00e1na mo\u017enost pou\u017eit\u00ed prokl\u00e1dan\u00e9ho re\u017eimu zobrazen\u00ed. Bylo p\u0159id\u00e1no ur\u010den\u00ed vGPU.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovlada\u010di MSM (Qualcomm) byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora GPU Adreno A405, A640 a A650.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=9e1ed9fb1eb0a4bc43a26365c592d3095286038b\">P\u0159id\u00e1no<\/a><\/noindex> intern\u00ed framework pro spr\u00e1vu zdroj\u016f DRM (Direct Rendering Manager).\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora chytr\u00fdch telefon\u016f Xiaomi Redmi Note 7 a Samsung Galaxy S2, stejn\u011b jako notebook\u016f Elm\/Hana Chromebook.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny ovlada\u010de pro LCD panely: ASUS TM5P5 NT35596, Starry KR070PE2T, Leadtek LTK050H3146W, Visionox rm69299, Boe tv105wum-nw0.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora ARM platforem a platforem Renesas \u201eRZ\/G1H\u201c, Realtek RTD1195, Realtek RTD1395\/RTD1619, Rockchips RK3326, AMLogic S905D, S905X3, S922XH, Olimex A20-OLinuXino-LIME-eMMC, Check Point L-50,<br \/>\n, Beacon i.MX8m-Mini, Qualcomm SDM660\/SDM630, Xnano X5 TV Box, Stinger96, Beaglebone-AI.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora procesor\u016f MIPS Loongson-2K (zkr\u00e1cen\u011b Loongson64). Pro CPU Loongson 3 byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora virtualizace pomoc\u00ed hypervisoru KVM.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53231\">Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n podpora rusk\u00e9ho procesoru Baikal-T1 a na n\u011bm zalo\u017een\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu na \u010dipu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.baikalelectronics.com\/products\/168\/\">BE-T1000<\/a><\/noindex>. Procesor Baikal-T1 obsahuje dv\u011b superskal\u00e1rn\u00ed j\u00e1dra P5600 MIPS 32 r5, pracuj\u00edc\u00ed na frekvenci 1,2 GHz. \u010cip obsahuje L2 cache (1 MB), \u0159adi\u010d pam\u011bti DDR3-1600 ECC, 1 port 10Gb Ethernet, 2 porty 1Gb Ethernet, \u0159adi\u010d PCIe Gen.3 x4, 2 porty SATA 3.0, USB 2.0, GPIO, UART, SPI, I2C. Procesor poskytuje hardwarovou podporu virtualizace, SIMD instrukce a integrovan\u00fd hardwarov\u00fd akceler\u00e1tor kryptografick\u00fdch operac\u00ed, kter\u00fd podporuje GOST 28147-89. \u010cip byl navr\u017een s vyu\u017eit\u00edm licencovan\u00e9 architektury j\u00e1dra MIPS32 P5600 Warrior od spole\u010dnosti Imagination Technologies. <\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 latinskoamerick\u00e1 Nadace svobodn\u00e9ho softwaru <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fsfla.org\/ikiwiki\/selibre\/linux-libre\/\">vytvo\u0159ila<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nvarianta <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fsfla.org\/ikiwiki\/selibre\/linux-libre\/\">pln\u011b svobodn\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra 5.8<\/a><\/noindex> &#8212; <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/linux-libre.fsfla.org\/pub\/linux-libre\/releases\/5.8-gnu\/\">Linux-libre 5.8-gnu<\/a><\/noindex>, vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho od prvk\u016f firmwaru a ovlada\u010d\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch nesvobodn\u00e9 komponenty nebo k\u00f3dy, jejich\u017e u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je omezeno v\u00fdrobcem. V nov\u00e9 verzi byla zak\u00e1z\u00e1na na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed blob\u016f v ovlada\u010d\u00edch pro Atom ISP Video, MediaTek 7663 USB\/7915 PCIe, Realtek 8723DE WiFi, Renesas PCI xHCI, HabanaLabs Gaudi, Enhanced Asynchronous Sample Rate Converter, Maxim Integrated MAX98390 Speaker Amplifier, Microsemi ZL38060 Connected Home Audio Processor a I2C EEPROM Slave. Byl aktualizov\u00e1n k\u00f3d na \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed blob\u016f v ovlada\u010d\u00edch a subsyst\u00e9mech Adreno GPU, HabanaLabs Goya, x86 touchscreen, vt6656 a btbcm.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53479\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.8. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0438 KCSAN, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f inline-\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f ARM64, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 Baikal-T1, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043e\u0432 procfs, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f ARM64 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b Shadow Call Stack \u0438 BTI. \u042f\u0434\u0440\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-90611","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri 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