{"id":90845,"date":"2020-08-07T01:42:00","date_gmt":"2020-08-06T23:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/luchshij-v-svoem-klasse-istoriya-poyavleniya-standarta-shifrovaniya-aes"},"modified":"2020-08-07T01:42:00","modified_gmt":"2020-08-06T23:42:00","slug":"luchshij-v-svoem-klasse-istoriya-poyavleniya-standarta-shifrovaniya-aes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/luchshij-v-svoem-klasse-istoriya-poyavleniya-standarta-shifrovaniya-aes","title":{"rendered":"Nejlep\u0161\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b: historie vzniku standardu \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed AES","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejlep\u0161\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b: historie vzniku standardu \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed AES\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/8a9b19529cb9c03e9e8df79558a998b2.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nOd kv\u011btna 2020 za\u010daly v Rusku ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed prodeje extern\u00edch disk\u016f WD My Book, kter\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed hardwarov\u00e9 \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed AES s 256bitov\u00fdm kl\u00ed\u010dem. Vzhledem k legislativn\u00edm omezen\u00edm bylo d\u0159\u00edve mo\u017en\u00e9 podobn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zakoupit pouze v zahrani\u010dn\u00edch internetov\u00fdch obchodech s elektronikou nebo na \"\u0161ed\u00e9m\" trhu. Nyn\u00ed si v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo m\u00e1 z\u00e1jem, po\u0159\u00eddit zabezpe\u010den\u00fd disk s ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u0159\u00edletou z\u00e1rukou od firmy Western Digital. K p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti t\u00e9to v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti jsme se rozhodli ud\u011blat mal\u00fd v\u00fdlet do historie a zjistit, jak vznikl standard pokro\u010dil\u00e9ho \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u010d\u00edm je tak v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s konkurenc\u00ed.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nDlouhou dobu byl ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm standardem symetrick\u00e9ho \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed v USA DES (Data Encryption Standard \u2013 standard \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed dat), jeho\u017e v\u00fdvoj provedla firma IBM a kter\u00fd byl za\u0159azen do seznamu Feder\u00e1ln\u00edch standard\u016f zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed v roce 1977 (FIPS 46-3). Z\u00e1kladem algoritmu byly v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho projektu s k\u00f3dov\u00fdm ozna\u010den\u00edm Lucifer. Kdy\u017e 15. kv\u011btna 1973 vyhl\u00e1sil N\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad pro standardy USA sout\u011b\u017e, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem bylo vytvo\u0159en\u00ed \u0161ifrovac\u00edho standardu pro ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 instituce, americk\u00e1 korporace se zapojila do kryptografick\u00e9ho z\u00e1vodu se t\u0159et\u00ed verz\u00ed Lucifera, kter\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edvala aktualizovanou Feistelovu s\u00ed\u0165. A spolu s ostatn\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky sout\u011b\u017ee utrp\u011bla fiasko: \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z algoritm\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly p\u0159edlo\u017eeny v prvn\u00edm kole, nespl\u0148oval p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky, kter\u00e9 stanovili experti NBS.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejlep\u0161\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b: historie vzniku standardu \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed AES\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ed1d6f9a782b0ff013451db0c1751f8e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nSamoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee v IBM se nemohli jen tak sm\u00ed\u0159it s por\u00e1\u017ekou: kdy\u017e byla 27. srpna 1974 sout\u011b\u017e restartov\u00e1na, americk\u00e1 korporace znovu podala p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ku a p\u0159edstavila vylep\u0161enou verzi Lucifera. Tentokr\u00e1t nem\u011bli porotci \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdhrady: po pe\u010dliv\u00e9 anal\u00fdze chyb IBM \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b odstranila v\u0161echny nedostatky, tak\u017ee nebylo co \u0159e\u0161it. Po v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9m triumfu zm\u011bnil Lucifer sv\u00e9 jm\u00e9no na DES a ji\u017e 17. b\u0159ezna 1975 byl zaregistrov\u00e1n ve Feder\u00e1ln\u00edm registru.<\/p>\n<p>V roce 1976 se b\u011bhem otev\u0159en\u00fdch sympozi\u00ed, jejich\u017e c\u00edlem bylo projedn\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho kryptografick\u00e9ho standardu, setkal DES s ostrou kritikou ze strany odborn\u00e9 komunity. D\u016fvodem byly zm\u011bny, kter\u00e9 do algoritmu provedli specialist\u00e9 NSA: p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm do\u0161lo ke zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed d\u00e9lky kl\u00ed\u010de na 56 bit\u016f (p\u016fvodn\u011b Lucifer podporoval pr\u00e1ci se 64 a 128 bitov\u00fdmi kl\u00ed\u010di) a tak\u00e9 k \u00faprav\u011b logiky blok\u016f permutace. Podle kryptograf\u016f tyto \u201evylep\u0161en\u00ed\u201c nem\u011bla smysl a jedin\u00fdm c\u00edlem, kter\u00e9ho se NSA sna\u017eila dos\u00e1hnout zaveden\u00edm t\u011bchto modifikac\u00ed, bylo m\u00edt mo\u017enost bez p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek prohl\u00ed\u017eet \u0161ifrovan\u00e9 dokumenty.<\/p>\n<p>V souvislosti s uveden\u00fdmi obvin\u011bn\u00edmi byla p\u0159i Sen\u00e1tu USA z\u0159\u00edzena zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed komise, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem bylo ov\u011b\u0159it opr\u00e1vn\u011bnost krok\u016f NSA. V roce 1978 byl publikov\u00e1n zpr\u00e1va s v\u00fdsledky vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9 bylo uvedeno n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>z\u00e1stupci NSA se na revizi DES pod\u00edleli pouze nep\u0159\u00edmo, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jejich p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek se t\u00fdkal pouze zm\u011bn v pr\u00e1ci blok\u016f permutace;<\/li>\n<li>kone\u010dn\u00e1 verze DES se uk\u00e1zala jako odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed proti prolomen\u00ed a kryptografick\u00e9 anal\u00fdze ne\u017e p\u016fvodn\u00ed, tak\u017ee proveden\u00e9 zm\u011bny byly ospravedln\u011bny;<\/li>\n<li>d\u00e9lka kl\u00ed\u010de 56 bit\u016f je pro naprostou v\u011bt\u0161inu aplikac\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e dostate\u010dn\u00e1, nebo\u0165 k prolomen\u00ed takov\u00e9ho \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed by bylo pot\u0159eba superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010de v hodnot\u011b alespo\u0148 n\u011bkolika des\u00edtek milion\u016f dolar\u016f, a proto\u017ee b\u011b\u017en\u00ed zlo\u010dinci a dokonce ani profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed hacke\u0159i nemaj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 zdroje, nen\u00ed t\u0159eba m\u00edt obavy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nZ\u00e1v\u011bry komise byly \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b potvrzeny v roce 1990, kdy izraelsk\u00e9 kryptografov\u00e9 Eli Biham a Adi Shamir, pracuj\u00edc\u00ed na konceptu diferenc\u00e1ln\u00edho kryptoanalyzov\u00e1n\u00ed, provedli rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd v\u00fdzkum blokov\u00fdch algoritm\u016f, mezi nimi\u017e byl tak\u00e9 DES. V\u011bdci dosp\u011bli k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee nov\u00fd model permutac\u00ed byl mnohem odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di \u00fatok\u016fm ne\u017e p\u016fvodn\u00ed, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee NSA skute\u010dn\u011b pomohlo odstranit n\u011bkolik slabin v algoritmu.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejlep\u0161\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b: historie vzniku standardu \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed AES\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1893c515351415094f7373b9c26783e5.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Adi Shamir<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee omezen\u00ed d\u00e9lky kl\u00ed\u010de p\u0159edstavuje probl\u00e9m, a to velmi z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd, co\u017e v roce 1998 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u011b prok\u00e1zala organizace Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) v r\u00e1mci experimentu DES Challenge II, konan\u00e9ho pod z\u00e1\u0161titou RSA Laboratory. Speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro prolomen\u00ed DES byl postaven superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010d, kter\u00fd z\u00edskal k\u00f3dov\u00e9 jm\u00e9no EFF DES Cracker, na jeho\u017e vytvo\u0159en\u00ed pracovali John Gilmore, spoluzakladatel EFF a vedouc\u00ed projektu DES Challenge, a Paul Kocher, zakladatel spole\u010dnosti Cryptography Research.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejlep\u0161\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b: historie vzniku standardu \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed AES\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/8538a9aaaa2291042e215e84cc7a0151.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Procesor EFF DES Cracker<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Vyvinut\u00fd syst\u00e9m dok\u00e1zal \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b vyhledat kl\u00ed\u010d k za\u0161ifrovan\u00e9mu vzorku metodou brute-force b\u011bhem pouh\u00fdch 56 hodin, tedy m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e za t\u0159i dny. K tomu EFF DES Cracker pot\u0159eboval zkontrolovat p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u010dtvrtinu v\u0161ech mo\u017en\u00fdch kombinac\u00ed, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee i za nejnep\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch okolnost\u00ed by prolomen\u00ed trvalo asi 224 hodin, tedy nejv\u00fd\u0161e 10 dn\u00ed. Cena superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010de, v\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1klad\u016f na jeho projektov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010dinila pouh\u00fdch 250 tis\u00edc dolar\u016f. Nen\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 uhodnout, \u017ee dnes je prolomen\u00ed takov\u00e9ho \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b snaz\u0161\u00ed a levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: nejen\u017ee se hardware stal mnohem v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, ale d\u00edky rozvoji internetov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed pro hackera nen\u00ed ani nutn\u00e9 kupovat nebo pronaj\u00edmat pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u2014 sta\u010d\u00ed vytvo\u0159it botnet z naka\u017een\u00fdch PC.<\/p>\n<p>Tento experiment n\u00e1zorn\u011b uk\u00e1zal, jak mor\u00e1ln\u011b zastaral\u00fd je DES. A proto\u017ee byl tehdy algoritmus sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 50 % \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v oblasti \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed dat (podle odhadu t\u00e9\u017ee EFF), ot\u00e1zka hled\u00e1n\u00ed alternativy se stala aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed jako nikdy p\u0159edt\u00edm.<\/p>\n<h2>Nov\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy \u2014 nov\u00e1 sout\u011b\u017e<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejlep\u0161\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b: historie vzniku standardu \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed AES\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/5997cccf9349b208e662c95186417aee.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nJe spravedliv\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee hled\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1hrady za Data Encryption Standard za\u010dalo prakticky sou\u010dasn\u011b s p\u0159\u00edpravou EFF DES Cracker: N\u00e1rodn\u00ed institut standard\u016f a technologi\u00ed (NIST) USA ji\u017e v roce 1997 ozn\u00e1mil zah\u00e1jen\u00ed sout\u011b\u017ee algoritm\u016f \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla odhalit nov\u00fd \"zlat\u00fd standard\" kyberbezpe\u010dnosti. A pokud v minulosti byla podobn\u00e1 akce organizov\u00e1na v\u00fdhradn\u011b \"pro sv\u00e9\", s ohledem na ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou zku\u0161enost z p\u0159ed 30 lety se NIST rozhodl ud\u011blat sout\u011b\u017e zcela otev\u0159enou: mohl se z\u00fa\u010dastnit jak\u00fdkoli podnik a jak\u00e1koli osoba, bez ohledu na m\u00edsto bydli\u0161t\u011b nebo st\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost.<\/p>\n<p>Takov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup se osv\u011bd\u010dil ji\u017e v etap\u011b v\u00fdb\u011bru uchaze\u010d\u016f: mezi autory, kte\u0159\u00ed se p\u0159ihl\u00e1sili do sout\u011b\u017ee Advanced Encryption Standard, byli jak celosv\u011btov\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00ed kryptologov\u00e9 (Ross Anderson, Eli Biham, Lars Knudsen), tak i mal\u00e9 IT spole\u010dnosti specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na kyberbezpe\u010dnost (Counterpane), a velk\u00e9 korporace (n\u011bmeck\u00e1 Deutsche Telekom), a vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed instituce (Katolick\u00e1 univerzita v Leuvenu, Belgie), stejn\u011b jako startupy a mal\u00e9 firmy, o kter\u00fdch m\u00e1lokdo sly\u0161el mimo jejich zem\u011b (nap\u0159\u00edklad Tecnologia Apropriada Internacional z Kostariky).<\/p>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee tentokr\u00e1t NIST schv\u00e1lil pouze dva z\u00e1kladn\u00ed po\u017eadavky na \u00fa\u010dastnick\u00e9 algoritmy:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>blok dat mus\u00ed m\u00edt pevnou velikost 128 bit\u016f;<\/li>\n<li>algorithm must support at least three key sizes: 128, 192, and 256 bits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDos\u00e1hnout takov\u00e9ho v\u00fdsledku bylo relativn\u011b jednoduch\u00e9, ale jak se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u010f\u00e1bel se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 v detailech: sekund\u00e1rn\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f bylo daleko v\u00edce, a vyhov\u011bt jim bylo daleko slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Mezit\u00edm pr\u00e1v\u011b na jejich z\u00e1klad\u011b recenzenti NIST prov\u00e1d\u011bli v\u00fdb\u011br sout\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edch. Zde jsou krit\u00e9ria, kter\u00e1 museli uchaze\u010di splnit, aby z\u00edskali v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>schopnost odol\u00e1vat jak\u00fdmkoli kryptanalytick\u00fdm \u00fatok\u016fm zn\u00e1m\u00fdm v dob\u011b sout\u011b\u017ee, v\u010detn\u011b \u00fatok\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm bo\u010dn\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f;<\/li>\n<li>absence slab\u00fdch a ekvivalentn\u00edch \u0161ifrovac\u00edch kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f (ekvivalentn\u00ed ozna\u010duje takov\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de, kter\u00e9, i kdy\u017e maj\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly, vedou k zisk\u00e1n\u00ed identick\u00fdch \u0161ifrovan\u00fdch text\u016f);<\/li>\n<li>rychlost \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed je stabiln\u00ed a p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stejn\u00e1 na v\u0161ech aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch platform\u00e1ch (od 8 do 64 bit\u016f);<\/li>\n<li>optimalizace pro v\u00edcero procesorov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, podpora paralelizace operac\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>minim\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u017eadavky na objem opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti;<\/li>\n<li>\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u00edch (jako z\u00e1klad pro tvorbu hash funkc\u00ed, pseudon\u00e1hodn\u00fdch gener\u00e1tor\u016f atd.);<\/li>\n<li>struktura algoritmu by m\u011bla b\u00fdt od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00e1 a jednoduch\u00e1 k pochopen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nPosledn\u00ed bod se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t podivn\u00fd, nicm\u00e9n\u011b, p\u0159i zamy\u0161len\u00ed, to d\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl, proto\u017ee dob\u0159e strukturovan\u00fd algoritmus je mnohem snaz\u0161\u00ed analyzovat a nav\u00edc je v n\u011bm t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed skr\u00fdt \u201ezadn\u00ed vr\u00e1ta\u201c, pomoc\u00ed kter\u00fdch by v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 mohl z\u00edskat neomezen\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k za\u0161ifrovan\u00fdm dat\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ek do sout\u011b\u017ee Advanced Encryption Standard trvalo p\u016fl druh\u00e9ho roku. Celkem se z\u00fa\u010dastnilo 15 algoritm\u016f:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>CAST-256, vyvinut\u00fd kanadskou spole\u010dnost\u00ed Entrust Technologies na z\u00e1klad\u011b CAST-128, kterou vytvo\u0159ili Carl Adams a Stafford Tavares;<\/li>\n<li>Crypton, vytvo\u0159en\u00fd kryptologem Che Hoon Lim z jihokorejsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Future Systems, zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se kybernetickou bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>DEAL, jeho\u017e koncept byl p\u016fvodn\u011b navr\u017een d\u00e1nsk\u00fdm matematikem Lars Knuudsenem, a pozd\u011bji jeho my\u0161lenky rozvinul Richard Outerbridge, kter\u00fd tak\u00e9 podal p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ku do sout\u011b\u017ee;<\/li>\n<li>DFC, spole\u010dn\u00fd projekt Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 pedagogick\u00e9 \u0161koly, N\u00e1rodn\u00edho centra v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu Francie (CNRS) a telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed korporace France Telecom; <\/li>\n<li>E2, vyvinut\u00fd za podpory nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti v Japonsku Nippon Telegraph and Telephone;<\/li>\n<li>FROG, d\u00edlo kostarick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Tecnologia Apropriada Internacional;<\/li>\n<li>HPC, navr\u017een\u00fd americk\u00fdm kryptologem a matematikem Richardem Shreppelhem z Arizonsk\u00e9 univerzity;<\/li>\n<li>LOKI97, vytvo\u0159en\u00fd australsk\u00fdmi kryptografy Lawsonem Brownem a Jennifer Seberry;<\/li>\n<li>Magenta, vyvinut\u00fd Michalem Jacobsonem a Klausem Hubertem pro n\u011bmeckou telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnost Deutsche Telekom AG;<\/li>\n<li>MARS od spole\u010dnosti IBM, na jeho\u017e v\u00fdroby se pod\u00edlel Don Coppersmith \u2013 jeden z autor\u016f Lucifer;<\/li>\n<li>RC6, napsan\u00fd Ronem Rivestem, Mattem Robshawem a Rayem Sidneyem speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro sout\u011b\u017e AES;<\/li>\n<li>Rijndael, vytvo\u0159en\u00fd Vincentem Rijmenem a Johanem Daemenem z Katolick\u00e9 univerzity Leuven;<\/li>\n<li>SAFER+, vyvinut\u00fd kalifornskou spole\u010dnost\u00ed Cylink ve spolupr\u00e1ci s N\u00e1rodn\u00ed akademi\u00ed v\u011bd Republiky Arm\u00e9nie;<\/li>\n<li>Serpent, kter\u00fd vytvo\u0159ili Ross Anderson, Eli Biham a Lars Knudsen;<\/li>\n<li>Twofish, vyvinut\u00fd v\u00fdzkumnou skupinou Brucea Schneiera na z\u00e1klad\u011b kryptografick\u00e9ho algoritmu Blowfish, kter\u00fd Bruce navrhl ji\u017e v roce 1993.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nNa z\u00e1klad\u011b prvn\u00edho kola bylo ur\u010deno 5 finalistek, mezi kter\u00fdmi se objevily Serpent, Twofish, MARS, RC6 a Rijndael. \u010clenov\u00e9 poroty na\u0161li nedostatky prakticky u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho z uveden\u00fdch algoritm\u016f krom\u011b jednoho. Kdo se stal v\u00edt\u011bzem? Trochu napneme o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a nejprve se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody ka\u017ed\u00e9ho z t\u011bchto \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>MARS<\/h3>\n<p>\nV p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u201eboha v\u00e1lky\u201c odborn\u00edci zd\u016fraznili identitu \u0161ifrovac\u00edho a de\u0161ifrovac\u00edho postupu, av\u0161ak t\u00edm jeho v\u00fdhody kon\u010dily. Algoritmus IBM se uk\u00e1zal jako p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, co\u017e ho \u010dinilo nevhodn\u00fdm pro pr\u00e1ci v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch omezen\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. Byly pozorov\u00e1ny probl\u00e9my i s paralelizac\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f. Pro efektivn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci pot\u0159eboval MARS hardwarovou podporu 32-bitov\u00e9ho n\u00e1soben\u00ed a rotace na prom\u011bnliv\u00fd po\u010det bit\u016f, co\u017e op\u011bt ukl\u00e1dalo omezen\u00ed na seznam podporovan\u00fdch platforem.<\/p>\n<p>MARS se tak\u00e9 uk\u00e1zal jako dost n\u00e1chyln\u00fd k \u00fatok\u016fm na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u010dasu a spot\u0159eby energie, m\u011bl probl\u00e9my s roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f \u201eza chodu\u201c, a jeho nadm\u011brn\u00e1 slo\u017eitost zt\u011b\u017eovala anal\u00fdzu architektury a vytv\u00e1\u0159ela dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my p\u0159i praktick\u00e9 realizaci. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, na pozad\u00ed ostatn\u00edch finalist\u016f vypadal MARS jako skute\u010dn\u00fd outsider.<\/p>\n<h3>RC6<\/h3>\n<p>\nAlgoritmus zd\u011bdil \u010d\u00e1st transformac\u00ed od sv\u00e9ho p\u0159edch\u016fdce, RC5, kter\u00fd byl d\u0159\u00edve pe\u010dliv\u011b prozkoum\u00e1n, co\u017e v kombinaci s jednoduchou a p\u0159ehlednou strukturou \u010dinilo jeho fungov\u00e1n\u00ed zcela transparentn\u00ed pro odborn\u00edky a vylu\u010dovalo jak\u00e9koli \u201ez\u00e1lo\u017eky\u201c. Krom\u011b toho RC6 vykazoval rekordn\u00ed rychlost zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat na 32-bitov\u00fdch platform\u00e1ch, a \u0161ifrovac\u00ed a de\u0161ifrovac\u00ed postupy byly implementov\u00e1ny naprosto identicky.<\/p>\n<p>Nicm\u00e9n\u011b algoritmus m\u011bl stejn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my jako v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd MARS: zde byla n\u00e1chylnost k \u00fatok\u016fm prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vedlej\u0161\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f, z\u00e1vislost v\u00fdkonu na podpo\u0159e 32-bitov\u00fdch operac\u00ed, jako\u017e i probl\u00e9my s paraleln\u00edmi v\u00fdpo\u010dty, roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f a n\u00e1ro\u010dnost na hardwarov\u00e9 prost\u0159edky. Vzhledem k tomu se na roli v\u00edt\u011bze v\u016fbec nehodil.<\/p>\n<h3>Twofish<\/h3>\n<p>\nTwofish se uk\u00e1zal jako velmi rychl\u00fd a dob\u0159e optimalizovan\u00fd pro pr\u00e1ci na slab\u0161\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, v\u00fdborn\u011b se vyrovn\u00e1val s roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f a nab\u00edzel n\u011bkolik mo\u017enost\u00ed implementace, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148ovalo jemn\u011b jej p\u0159izp\u016fsobit konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm \u00fakol\u016fm. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak \u201edv\u011b rybky\u201c vykazovaly zranitelnost v\u016f\u010di \u00fatok\u016fm skrze bo\u010dn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly (konkr\u00e9tn\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u010dasu a spot\u0159ebovan\u00e9 energie), nebyly p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 k v\u00edcero procesorov\u00fdm syst\u00e9m\u016fm a vynikaly nadm\u011brnou slo\u017eitost\u00ed, co\u017e se pozitivn\u011b odrazilo na rychlosti roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010de.<\/p>\n<h3>Serpent<\/h3>\n<p>\nAlgoritmus m\u011bl jednoduchou a srozumitelnou strukturu, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b usnadnilo jeho audit, nebyl p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd na v\u00fdkon hardwarov\u00e9 platformy, m\u011bl podporu pro roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f \u201eza chodu\u201c a relativn\u011b snadno se p\u0159izp\u016fsoboval modifikac\u00edm, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se v\u00fdhodn\u011b odli\u0161oval od sv\u00fdch konkurent\u016f. I p\u0159esto byl Serpent v principu nejpomalej\u0161\u00ed z finalist\u016f, nav\u00edc jeho \u0161ifrovac\u00ed a de\u0161ifrovac\u00ed procedury se z\u00e1sadn\u011b li\u0161ily a vy\u017eadovaly zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy k implementaci.<\/p>\n<h3>Rijndael<\/h3>\n<p>\nRijndael se uk\u00e1zal jako extr\u00e9mn\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fd ide\u00e1lu: algoritmus zcela vyhovoval po\u017eadavk\u016fm NIST, p\u0159i tom v\u0161ak neustupoval a z hlediska celkov\u00fdch charakteristik v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159ed\u010dil konkurenty. Slab\u00e1 m\u00edsta maj\u00ed pouze dv\u011b: zranitelnost v\u016f\u010di \u00fatok\u016fm zalo\u017een\u00fdm na spot\u0159eb\u011b energie b\u011bhem procedury roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010de, co\u017e je velmi specifick\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159, a ur\u010dit\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm kl\u00ed\u010de \u201eza chodu\u201c (tento mechanismus fungoval bez omezen\u00ed pouze u dvou konkurent\u016f \u2014 Serpent a Twofish). Krom\u011b toho podle odhad\u016f odborn\u00edk\u016f m\u011bl Rijndael m\u00edrn\u011b men\u0161\u00ed rezervu kryptografick\u00e9 odolnosti ne\u017e Serpent, Twofish a MARS, co\u017e v\u0161ak bylo bohat\u011b kompenzov\u00e1no odolnost\u00ed v\u016f\u010di drtiv\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b druh\u016f \u00fatok\u016f skrze bo\u010dn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly a \u0161irok\u00fdm spektrem mo\u017enost\u00ed implementace.<\/p>\n<p>Kategorie<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Serpent<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Twofish<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>MARS<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>RC6<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Rijndael<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kryptografick\u00e1 odolnost<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Rezerva kryptografick\u00e9 odolnosti<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>++<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>++<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>++<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Rychlost \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i softwarov\u00e9 implementaci<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Rychlost roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010de p\u0159i softwarov\u00e9 implementaci<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Smart karty s vysok\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>++<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Smart karty s omezen\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>++<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Hardwarov\u00e1 implementace (FPGA)<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Hardwarov\u00e1 implementace (specializovan\u00fd \u010dip)<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ochrana proti \u00fatok\u016fm na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u010dasu a spot\u0159ebovan\u00e9 energie<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ochrana proti \u00fatok\u016fm na spot\u0159ebovanou energii p\u0159i roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010de<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ochrana proti \u00fatok\u016fm na spot\u0159ebovanou energii p\u0159i implementac\u00edch na chytr\u00fdch kart\u00e1ch<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017enost roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010de \u201eza b\u011bhu\u201c<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dostupnost r\u016fzn\u00fdch realizac\u00ed (bez ztr\u00e1t na kompatibilit\u011b)<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017enost paraleln\u00edho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00b1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p>V souhrnu charakteristik byl Rijndael v\u00fdrazn\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e konkurence, tak\u017ee v\u00fdsledek kone\u010dn\u00e9ho hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed byl zcela o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd: algoritmus jednozna\u010dn\u011b zv\u00edt\u011bzil, obdr\u017eel 86 hlas\u016f \u201epro\u201c a pouze 10 \u201eproti\u201c. Serpent obsadil \u010destn\u00e9 druh\u00e9 m\u00edsto s 59 hlasy, zat\u00edmco Twofish se um\u00edstil na t\u0159et\u00ed pozici: pro n\u011bj se postavilo 31 \u010dlen\u016f poroty. N\u00e1sledoval RC6, kter\u00fd z\u00edskal 23 hlas\u016f, a MARS se logicky ocitl na posledn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b, z\u00edskav\u0161e pouze 13 hlas\u016f \u201epro\u201c a 83 \u201eproti\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>2. \u0159\u00edjna 2000 byl Rijndael vyhl\u00e1\u0161en v\u00edt\u011bzem sout\u011b\u017ee AES, tradi\u010dn\u011b zm\u011bnil n\u00e1zev na Advanced Encryption Standard, pod kter\u00fdm je zn\u00e1m i dnes. Proces standardizace trval p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b rok: 26. listopadu 2001 byl AES zaps\u00e1n na seznam feder\u00e1ln\u00edch standard\u016f zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed s indexem FIPS 197. Nov\u00fd algoritmus byl velmi kladn\u011b hodnocen i NSA, a od \u010dervna 2003 Agentura n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti USA dokonce uznala AES s 256bitov\u00fdm kl\u00ed\u010dem za dostate\u010dn\u011b bezpe\u010dn\u00fd pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ochrany dokument\u016f kategorie \u201ep\u0159\u00edsn\u011b tajn\u00e9\u201c.<\/p>\n<h2>Extern\u00ed disky WD My Book s podporou hardwarov\u00e9ho \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed AES-256<\/h2>\n<p>\nD\u00edky kombinaci vysok\u00e9 spolehlivosti a v\u00fdkonu si pokro\u010dil\u00fd \u0161ifrovac\u00ed standard (AES) rychle z\u00edskal sv\u011btov\u00e9 uzn\u00e1n\u00ed a stal se jedn\u00edm z nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch algoritm\u016f symetrick\u00e9ho \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se dostal do mnoha kryptografick\u00fdch knihoven (OpenSSL, GnuTLS, Crypto API Linuxu atd.). V sou\u010dasnosti je AES \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n v aplikac\u00edch podnikov\u00e9 i u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b a jeho podpora je implementov\u00e1na v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le r\u016fzn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b je hardwarov\u00e9 \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed AES-256 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no ve vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch disc\u00edch Western Digital rodiny My Book k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ochrany ulo\u017een\u00fdch dat. Poj\u010fme se na tyto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pod\u00edvat bl\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejlep\u0161\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b: historie vzniku standardu \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed AES\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/34206950ac46e6d739c6aaae4cb9733c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nProduktov\u00e1 \u0159ada extern\u00edch pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f WD My Book zahrnuje \u0161est model\u016f s r\u016fznou kapacitou: 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 a 14 terabajt\u016f, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje vybrat za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nejl\u00e9pe vyhovuje va\u0161im pot\u0159eb\u00e1m. Extern\u00ed HDD standardn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m exFAT, kter\u00fd zaji\u0161\u0165uje kompatibilitu s \u0161irok\u00fdm spektrem opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b Microsoft Windows 7, 8, 8.1 a 10, stejn\u011b jako Apple macOS verze 10.13 (High Sierra) a nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. U\u017eivatel\u00e9 opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu Linux mohou p\u0159ipojit disk pomoc\u00ed ovlada\u010de exfat-nofuse.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159ipojen\u00ed My Book k po\u010d\u00edta\u010di se prov\u00e1d\u00ed pomoc\u00ed vysokorychlostn\u00edho rozhran\u00ed USB 3.0, kter\u00e9 je zp\u011btn\u011b kompatibiln\u00ed s USB 2.0. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b to umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et soubory maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed rychlost\u00ed, nebo\u0165 propustnost USB SuperSpeed \u010din\u00ed 5 Gb\/s (tedy 640 MB\/s), co\u017e je v\u00edce ne\u017e dostate\u010dn\u00e9. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 funkce zp\u011btn\u00e9 kompatibility zaji\u0161\u0165uje podporu prakticky v\u0161ech za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vyroben\u00fdch za posledn\u00edch 10 let.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejlep\u0161\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b: historie vzniku standardu \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed AES\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/d1200e78db61afdc5c2ed60a58847156.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nI kdy\u017e My Book nevy\u017eaduje instalaci dodate\u010dn\u00e9ho softwaru d\u00edky technologii automatick\u00e9ho rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a konfigurace perifern\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Plug and Play, p\u0159esto doporu\u010dujeme vyu\u017e\u00edt firemn\u00ed bal\u00edk softwaru WD Discovery, kter\u00fd se dod\u00e1v\u00e1 s ka\u017ed\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejlep\u0161\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b: historie vzniku standardu \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed AES\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ccd9e3d7fe0c5071265e840b422859af.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nBal\u00ed\u010dek obsahuje n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed aplikace:<\/p>\n<h3>WD Drive Utilities<\/h3>\n<p>\nAplikace poskytuje aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed informace o stavu disku na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u00fadaj\u016f S.M.A.R.T. a umo\u017e\u0148uje zkontrolovat pevn\u00fd disk na p\u0159\u00edtomnost po\u0161kozen\u00fdch sektor\u016f. Krom\u011b toho je pomoc\u00ed Drive Utilities mo\u017en\u00e9 efektivn\u011b vymazat v\u0161echna data ulo\u017een\u00e1 na va\u0161em My Book: soubory budou nejen smaz\u00e1ny, ale tak\u00e9 n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t kompletn\u011b p\u0159eps\u00e1ny, tak\u017ee po ukon\u010den\u00ed procesu nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 je obnovit.<\/p>\n<h3>WD Backup<\/h3>\n<p>\nPomoc\u00ed t\u00e9to utility lze nastavit z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed podle dan\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu. Je t\u0159eba zm\u00ednit, \u017ee WD Backup podporuje pr\u00e1ci s Google Drive a Dropbox, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1lohy umo\u017e\u0148uje vyb\u00edrat jak\u00e9koli mo\u017en\u00e9 kombinace \"zdroj-c\u00edl\". T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem m\u016f\u017eete nastavit automatick\u00fd p\u0159enos dat z My Book do cloudu nebo importovat pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 soubory a slo\u017eky z uveden\u00fdch slu\u017eeb bu\u010f na extern\u00ed disk, nebo na m\u00edstn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d. Krom\u011b toho je mo\u017en\u00e9 synchronizovat \u00fa\u010det na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edti Facebook, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje automatick\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1loh fotografi\u00ed a vide\u00ed z va\u0161eho profilu.<\/p>\n<h3>WD Security<\/h3>\n<p>\nPr\u00e1v\u011b pomoc\u00ed t\u00e9to utility m\u016f\u017eete omezit p\u0159\u00edstup k disku pomoc\u00ed hesla a spravovat \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed dat. V\u0161e, co k tomu pot\u0159ebujete, je zadat heslo (jeho maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e9lka m\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout 25 znak\u016f), po \u010dem\u017e budou v\u0161echny informace na disku za\u0161ifrov\u00e1ny a p\u0159\u00edstup k ulo\u017een\u00fdm soubor\u016fm z\u00edsk\u00e1 pouze ten, kdo zn\u00e1 k\u00f3dovou fr\u00e1zi. Pro v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pohodl\u00ed WD Security umo\u017e\u0148uje vytvo\u0159it seznam d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, p\u0159i jejich\u017e p\u0159ipojen\u00ed se My Book automaticky odblokuje.<\/p>\n<p>Zd\u016fraz\u0148ujeme, \u017ee WD Security pouze poskytuje pohodln\u00e9 vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed rozhran\u00ed pro spr\u00e1vu kryptografick\u00e9 ochrany, zat\u00edmco \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed dat prov\u00e1d\u00ed samotn\u00fd extern\u00ed disk na hardwarov\u00e9 \u00farovni. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup zaji\u0161\u0165uje celou \u0159adu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch v\u00fdhod, a to zejm\u00e9na:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>za vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed \u0161ifrovac\u00edch kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f odpov\u00edd\u00e1 hardwarov\u00fd gener\u00e1tor n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel, a nikoli PRNG, co\u017e pom\u00e1h\u00e1 dos\u00e1hnout vysok\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b entropie a zv\u00fd\u0161it jejich kryptografickou odolnost;<\/li>\n<li>b\u011bhem procesu \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed a de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed se kryptografick\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de neukl\u00e1daj\u00ed do opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, ani se nevytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed do\u010dasn\u00e9 kopie zpracov\u00e1van\u00fdch soubor\u016f ve skryt\u00fdch slo\u017ek\u00e1ch syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho disku, co\u017e pom\u00e1h\u00e1 minimalizovat pravd\u011bpodobnost jejich zachycen\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>rychlost zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed soubor\u016f nijak nesouvis\u00ed s v\u00fdkonem klientsk\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>po aktivaci ochrany bude \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed soubor\u016f prob\u00edhat automaticky, \"za chodu\", ani\u017e by bylo pot\u0159eba dal\u0161\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f ze strany u\u017eivatele.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nV\u0161e v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uje bezpe\u010dnost dat a prakticky eliminuje pravd\u011bpodobnost odcizen\u00ed d\u016fv\u011brn\u00fdch informac\u00ed. S ohledem na dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enosti \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b d\u011bl\u00e1 My Book jedn\u00edm z nejl\u00e9pe chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 na rusk\u00e9m trhu.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/wd\/blog\/513846\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C \u043c\u0430\u044f 2020 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0436\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 WD My Book, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 AES \u0441 256-\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u043c. \u0412 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u00ab\u0441\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c\u00bb \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0435, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441 \u0444\u0438\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 3-\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0442 Western Digital \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":90846,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-90845","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C \u043c\u0430\u044f 2020 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/luchshij-v-svoem-klasse-istoriya-poyavleniya-standarta-shifrovaniya-aes\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" 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