{"id":91188,"date":"2020-08-09T13:42:21","date_gmt":"2020-08-09T11:42:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/kitaj-nachal-blokirovat-https-soedineniya-ustanavlivaemye-s-tls-1-3-i-esni"},"modified":"2020-08-09T13:42:21","modified_gmt":"2020-08-09T11:42:21","slug":"kitaj-nachal-blokirovat-https-soedineniya-ustanavlivaemye-s-tls-1-3-i-esni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/kitaj-nachal-blokirovat-https-soedineniya-ustanavlivaemye-s-tls-1-3-i-esni","title":{"rendered":"\u010c\u00edna za\u010dala blokovat HTTPS spojen\u00ed s TLS 1.3 a ESNI.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\u010c\u00edna implementoval<\/a><\/noindex> blokaci<\/a><\/noindex> v\u0161ech HTTPS p\u0159ipojen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed protokol TLS 1.3 a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed TLS ESNI (Encrypted Server Name Indication), kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uje \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f o po\u017eadovan\u00e9m hostiteli. Blokace se prov\u00e1d\u00ed na tranzitn\u00edch routerech jak pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed z \u010c\u00edny do vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho sv\u011bta, tak z vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho sv\u011bta do \u010c\u00edny.<\/p>\n

Pro blokaci se prov\u00e1d\u00ed zahazov\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f od klienta k serveru, nikoli vkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f s flagem RST, co\u017e d\u0159\u00edve prob\u00edhalo p\u0159i selektivn\u00ed blokaci na z\u00e1klad\u011b obsahu SNI. Po aktivaci blokace paketu s ESNI jsou po dobu 120 a\u017e 180 sekund rovn\u011b\u017e blokov\u00e1ny v\u0161echny s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 pakety, kter\u00e9 odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed kombinaci p\u016fvodn\u00ed IP, c\u00edlov\u00e9 IP a c\u00edlov\u00e9mu portu. HTTPS p\u0159ipojen\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b star\u0161\u00edch verz\u00ed TLS a TLS 1.3 bez ESNI proch\u00e1zej\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u011b. <\/p>\n

P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me, \u017ee pro organizaci pr\u00e1ce n\u011bkolika HTTPS web\u016f na jedn\u00e9 IP adrese bylo vyvinuto roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed SNI, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uje p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1zvu hostitele v otev\u0159en\u00e9 podob\u011b v zpr\u00e1v\u011b ClientHello, kter\u00e1 je odesl\u00e1na p\u0159ed nastaven\u00edm \u0161ifrovan\u00e9ho komunika\u010dn\u00edho kan\u00e1lu. Takov\u00e1 vlastnost umo\u017e\u0148uje poskytovateli internetu selektivn\u011b filtrovat HTTPS provoz a analyzovat, jak\u00e9 str\u00e1nky u\u017eivatel nav\u0161t\u011bvuje, co\u017e znemo\u017e\u0148uje dos\u00e1hnout pln\u00e9 d\u016fv\u011brnosti p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed HTTPS.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 TLS roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed ECH (d\u0159\u00edve ESNI), kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no spolu s TLS 1.3, odstra\u0148uje tuto nev\u00fdhodu a zcela eliminuje \u00fanik informac\u00ed o po\u017eadovan\u00e9 str\u00e1nce p\u0159i anal\u00fdze HTTPS p\u0159ipojen\u00ed. V kombinaci s p\u0159\u00edstupem p\u0159es s\u00ed\u0165 dod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017eit\u00ed ECH\/ESNI tak\u00e9 skr\u00fdt od poskytovatele i IP adresu po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho zdroje. Syst\u00e9my pro inspekci provozu uvid\u00ed pouze po\u017eadavky na CDN a nebudou schopny prov\u00e1d\u011bt blokaci bez podvr\u017een\u00ed TLS sezen\u00ed, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kter\u00e9ho se u\u017eivateli v prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010di zobraz\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 upozorn\u011bn\u00ed o podvr\u017een\u00ed certifik\u00e1tu. Mo\u017en\u00fdm kan\u00e1lem \u00faniku z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 DNS, ale pro skryt\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k DNS m\u016f\u017ee klient pou\u017e\u00edt DNS-over-HTTPS nebo DNS-over-TLS.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci ji\u017e odhalili<\/a><\/noindex> n\u011bkolik obch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak p\u0159ekonat \u010d\u00ednskou blokaci na stran\u011b klienta a serveru, ale mohou ztratit relevanci a m\u011bly by b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1ny pouze za do\u010dasn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v sou\u010dasnosti jsou blokov\u00e1ny pouze pakety s identifik\u00e1torem roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed ESNI 0xffce (encrypted_server_name), kter\u00fd byl pou\u017eit v p\u00e1t\u00e9 verzi n\u00e1vrhu standardu<\/a><\/noindex>, ale zat\u00edm proch\u00e1zej\u00ed pakety s aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm identifik\u00e1torem 0xff02 (encrypted_client_hello), navr\u017een\u00fdm v sedm\u00e9m n\u00e1vrhu specifikace ECH<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem obch\u00e1zen\u00ed je pou\u017eit\u00ed nestandardn\u00edho procesu vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed spojen\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad blokace nenast\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159i p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9m odesl\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho SYN paketu s nespr\u00e1vn\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslem sekvence, manipulacemi s fragmenta\u010dn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edznaky paket\u016f, odesl\u00e1n\u00edm paketu se sou\u010dasn\u011b nastaven\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznaky FIN a SYN, substituc\u00ed RST paketu s nespr\u00e1vnou kontroln\u00ed sumou nebo odesl\u00e1n\u00edm paketu s p\u0159\u00edznaky SYN a ACK p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed spojen\u00ed. Popisovan\u00e9 metody ji\u017e byly implementov\u00e1ny ve form\u011b pluginu k n\u00e1stroji \u017deneva<\/a><\/noindex>, rozv\u00edjen\u00e9ho<\/a><\/noindex> pro obch\u00e1zen\u00ed cenzurn\u00edch metod.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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