{"id":91733,"date":"2020-08-17T19:42:21","date_gmt":"2020-08-17T17:42:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/doklad-soveta-bezopasnosti-tor-vredonosnye-vyhodnye-uzly-ispolzovali-sslstrip"},"modified":"2020-08-17T19:42:21","modified_gmt":"2020-08-17T17:42:21","slug":"doklad-soveta-bezopasnosti-tor-vredonosnye-vyhodnye-uzly-ispolzovali-sslstrip","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/doklad-soveta-bezopasnosti-tor-vredonosnye-vyhodnye-uzly-ispolzovali-sslstrip","title":{"rendered":"Zpr\u00e1va bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed rady Tor: \u0161kodliv\u00e9 v\u00fdstupn\u00ed uzly pou\u017eily sslstrip.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"


\n \"Zpr\u00e1va<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Podstata ud\u00e1losti<\/b><\/p>\n

V kv\u011btnu 2020 byla objevena skupina v\u00fdstupn\u00edch uzl\u016f, kter\u00e9 zasahovaly do odchoz\u00edch spojen\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161inou nech\u00e1valy t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echna spojen\u00ed nedot\u010den\u00e1, av\u0161ak zachycovaly p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k mal\u00e9mu po\u010dtu kryptom\u011bnov\u00fdch burz. Pokud u\u017eivatel\u00e9 nav\u0161t\u00edvili HTTP verzi webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky (tj. nezabezpe\u010denou a neautentizovanou), \u0161kodliv\u00e9 uzly br\u00e1nily p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed na HTTPS verzi (tj. zabezpe\u010denou a autentizovanou). Pokud si u\u017eivatel nev\u0161iml podvodu (nap\u0159\u00edklad chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edho z\u00e1mku v prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010di) a za\u010dal zas\u00edlat d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 informace, mohly b\u00fdt tyto informace zachyceny \u00fatokem.<\/p>\n

Projekt Tor vylou\u010dil tyto uzly ze s\u00edt\u011b v kv\u011btnu 2020. V \u010dervenci 2020 byla objevena dal\u0161\u00ed skupina rel\u00e9, kter\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bly podobn\u00fd \u00fatok, a ty byly tak\u00e9 vylou\u010deny. St\u00e1le nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, zda byli n\u011bjak\u00e9 u\u017eivatel\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b napadeni, ale vzhledem k rozsahu \u00fatoku a tomu, \u017ee \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk opakoval sv\u00e9 pokusy (prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad zas\u00e1hl 23 % celkov\u00e9 propustnosti v\u00fdstupn\u00edch uzl\u016f, druh\u00fd p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 19 %), je rozumn\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk pova\u017eoval n\u00e1klady na \u00fatok za opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Tento incident je dobr\u00e9 p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed, \u017ee HTTP po\u017eadavky nejsou \u0161ifrovan\u00e9 a neautentizovan\u00e9, a proto jsou st\u00e1le zraniteln\u00e9. Tor Browser obsahuje roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed HTTPS Everywhere, kter\u00e9 je ur\u010deno k prevenci t\u011bchto typ\u016f \u00fatok\u016f, ale jeho \u00fa\u010dinnost je omezena seznamem, kter\u00fd nezahrnuje v\u0161echny webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky na sv\u011bt\u011b. U\u017eivatel\u00e9 p\u0159i n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b HTTP verz\u00ed str\u00e1nek budou v\u017edy vystaveni hrozb\u011b.<\/p>\n

Prevence podobn\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f v budoucnu<\/b><\/p>\n

Metody prevence \u00fatok\u016f se d\u011bl\u00ed na dv\u011b \u010d\u00e1sti: prvn\u00ed zahrnuje opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 mohou p\u0159ijmout u\u017eivatel\u00e9 a spr\u00e1vci str\u00e1nek, aby pos\u00edlili svou bezpe\u010dnost, zat\u00edmco druh\u00e1 se t\u00fdk\u00e1 identifikace a v\u010dasn\u00e9ho rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00fdch uzl\u016f s\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>\n

Doporu\u010den\u00e9 akce ze strany web\u016f: <\/p>\n

1. Aktivace HTTPS (bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed certifik\u00e1ty poskytuje Let’s Encrypt<\/a>) <\/p>\n

<\/noindex><\/p>\n

2. P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed pravidel p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed do seznamu HTTPS-Everywhere, aby u\u017eivatel\u00e9 mohli preventivn\u011b navazovat zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 spojen\u00ed, a ne se spol\u00e9hat na p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed po nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed nezabezpe\u010den\u00e9ho spojen\u00ed. Nav\u00edc, pokud spr\u00e1va webov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb chce zcela vyhnout interakci s v\u00fdstupn\u00edmi uzly, m\u016f\u017ee poskytnout onion-verzi webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek<\/a>.<\/p>\n

<\/noindex><\/p>\n

V sou\u010dasnosti projekt Tor zva\u017euje mo\u017enost \u00fapln\u00e9ho vypnut\u00ed nezabezpe\u010den\u00e9ho HTTP v Tor Browseru. P\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety byla takov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed nemysliteln\u00e1 (p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho zdroj\u016f m\u011blo pouze nezabezpe\u010den\u00e9 HTTP), av\u0161ak HTTPS-Everywhere a nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed verze Firefoxu maj\u00ed experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u017enost pou\u017e\u00edvat HTTPS ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed pro prvn\u00ed spojen\u00ed s mo\u017enost\u00ed p\u0159epnout na HTTP podle pot\u0159eby. St\u00e1le nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, jak takov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup ovlivn\u00ed u\u017eivatele Tor Browseru, proto bude nejprve vyzkou\u0161en na vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch \u00farovn\u00edch zabezpe\u010den\u00ed prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010de (ikona \u0161t\u00edtu).<\/p>\n

Z pohledu s\u00edt\u011b Tor existuj\u00ed dobrovoln\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed sleduj\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed rel\u00e9 a informuj\u00ed o incidentech, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e mohou b\u00fdt \u0161kodliv\u00e9 uzly vylou\u010deny hlavn\u00edmi katalogov\u00fdmi servery. I kdy\u017e jsou takov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy obvykle rychle zpracov\u00e1ny a \u0161kodliv\u00e9 uzly jsou ihned odpojeny, zdroje pro trval\u00e9 monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b nejsou dostate\u010dn\u00e9. Pokud se v\u00e1m poda\u0159ilo objevit \u0161kodliv\u00e9 rel\u00e9, m\u016f\u017eete o tom informovat projekt, pokyny je k dispozici na tomto odkazu<\/a>.<\/p>\n

<\/noindex><\/p>\n

Sou\u010dasn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup m\u00e1 dv\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00ed probl\u00e9my: <\/p>\n

1. P\u0159i posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho rel\u00e9 je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 prok\u00e1zat jeho \u0161kodlivost. Pokud nebyly zaznamen\u00e1ny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u00fatoky z jeho strany, je t\u0159eba ho nechat? Hromadn\u00e9 \u00fatoky, kter\u00e9 zasahuj\u00ed mnoho u\u017eivatel\u016f, se snadn\u011bji identifikuj\u00ed, ale pokud \u00fatoky zasahuj\u00ed pouze mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed web\u016f a u\u017eivatel\u016f, \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk m\u016f\u017ee jednat preventivn\u011b<\/a>. Samotn\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 Tor se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z tis\u00edc\u016f rel\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a tato rozmanitost (a z n\u00ed vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed decentralizace) je jednou z jej\u00edch siln\u00fdch str\u00e1nek. <\/p>\n

<\/noindex><\/p>\n

2. P\u0159i posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed skupiny nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch rel\u00e9 je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 prok\u00e1zat jejich vz\u00e1jemnou prov\u00e1zanost (tj. jestli prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed \u00fatok Sybily<\/a>). Mnoho dobrovoln\u00fdch oper\u00e1tor\u016f retransla\u010dn\u00edch uzl\u016f si vyb\u00edr\u00e1 stejn\u00e9 levn\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b pro um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed, jako jsou Hetzner, OVH, Online, Frantech, Leaseweb a dal\u0161\u00ed, a pokud bude zji\u0161t\u011bno n\u011bkolik nov\u00fdch retransla\u010dn\u00edch uzl\u016f, bude obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 jednozna\u010dn\u011b p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, zda se objevilo n\u011bkolik nov\u00fdch oper\u00e1tor\u016f nebo jen jeden, kter\u00fd spravuje v\u0161echny nov\u00e9 retransla\u010dn\u00ed uzly.<\/p>\n

<\/noindex><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Zdroj: linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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