{"id":93556,"date":"2020-09-07T07:44:16","date_gmt":"2020-09-07T05:44:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/mnogolikaya-ubunta-v-2020-godu"},"modified":"2020-09-07T07:44:16","modified_gmt":"2020-09-07T05:44:16","slug":"mnogolikaya-ubunta-v-2020-godu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/mnogolikaya-ubunta-v-2020-godu","title":{"rendered":"Rozmanit\u00e1 Ubuntu v roce 2020","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0159ed v\u00e1mi je neobjektivn\u00ed, neseri\u00f3zn\u00ed a netechnick\u00fd p\u0159ehled opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu Ubuntu Linux 20.04 a p\u011bti jeho ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch variant. Pokud v\u00e1s zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed verze j\u00e1dra, glibc, snapd a dostupnost experiment\u00e1ln\u00edho sezen\u00ed wayland \u2014 jste na \u0161patn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b. Pokud o Linuxu sly\u0161\u00edte poprv\u00e9 a zaj\u00edm\u00e1 v\u00e1s, jak na n\u011bj pohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd u\u017e osm let pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 Ubunt, jste tu spr\u00e1vn\u011b. Pokud chcete jen vid\u011bt n\u011bco jednoduch\u00e9ho, m\u00edrn\u011b ironick\u00e9ho a s obr\u00e1zky, jste tak\u00e9 na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 adrese. Pokud m\u00e1te pocit, \u017ee pod t\u00edmto \u010dl\u00e1nkem je spousta nep\u0159esnost\u00ed, opomenut\u00ed a zkreslen\u00ed a zcela chyb\u00ed logika \u2014 mo\u017en\u00e1 m\u00e1te pravdu, ale tohle je p\u0159ece netechnick\u00fd a neobjektivn\u00ed p\u0159ehled.<\/p>\n

\"Rozmanit\u00e1
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nNejprve mal\u00fd \u00favod do t\u00e9matu. Existuj\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my: Windows<\/a><\/noindex>, macOS<\/a><\/noindex> a Linux. O Windows sly\u0161el ka\u017ed\u00fd a ka\u017ed\u00fd je pou\u017e\u00edval. O macOS sly\u0161ela skoro ka\u017ed\u00e1 osoba, ale ne ka\u017ed\u00fd ho pou\u017e\u00edval. O Linuxu nesly\u0161eli v\u0161ichni a pou\u017e\u00edvali ho jen ti nejodv\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Existuje mnoho variant Linuxu. Windows je jeden syst\u00e9m, macOS je tak\u00e9 jeden. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 verze: sedmi\u010dka, osmi\u010dka, des\u00edtka nebo High Sierra, Mojave, Catalina. Ale v podstat\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o jeden syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd postupn\u011b vyv\u00edj\u00ed jedna spole\u010dnost. Linux\u016f je stovky a ty vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00ed lid\u00e9 a spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d je tolik variant Linuxu? Samotn\u00fd Linux nen\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, ale j\u00e1dro, tedy ta nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st. Bez j\u00e1dra nic nefunguje, ale j\u00e1dro samo o sob\u011b je pro b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele m\u00e1lo pou\u017eiteln\u00e9. K j\u00e1dru je t\u0159eba p\u0159idat spoustu dal\u0161\u00edch komponent\u016f, a aby v\u0161e vypadalo s hezk\u00fdmi okny, ikonami a obr\u00e1zky na pracovn\u00ed plo\u0161e, je pot\u0159eba tak\u00e9 nat\u00e1hnout p\u0159es to takzvan\u00e9 grafick\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed<\/i>. J\u00e1dro vyv\u00edjej\u00ed jedni lid\u00e9, dal\u0161\u00ed komponenty vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed jin\u00ed lid\u00e9, grafick\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed zase t\u0159et\u00ed. Komponent\u016f a rozhran\u00ed je hodn\u011b a daj\u00ed se r\u016fzn\u011b kombinovat. V\u00fdsledkem jsou \u010dtvrt\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u0161echno poskl\u00e1daj\u00ed dohromady a p\u0159iprav\u00ed hotov\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m v oby\u010dejn\u00e9m vzhledu. Jin\u00fdmi slovy \u2014 distribuce<\/i> Linux. Distro m\u016f\u017ee vytvo\u0159it jedna osoba, a proto je mnoho distribuc\u00ed. Mimochodem, \u201erusk\u00e9 opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my\u201c jsou distribuce Linuxu, a z rusk\u00fdch je tam jen n\u011bkolik zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch tapet na plochu, samostatn\u00e9 programy a certifikovan\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje pro pr\u00e1ci s utajovan\u00fdmi a jin\u00fdmi citliv\u00fdmi informacemi.<\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee je mnoho distribuc\u00ed, je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 si vybrat, a to se st\u00e1v\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo se odv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed a p\u0159ece jen se pokus\u00ed p\u0159ej\u00edt z Windows (nebo z macOS). K tomu samoz\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my jako: \u201ej\u00e9, Linux je slo\u017eit\u00fd\u201c, \u201eje jen pro program\u00e1tory\u201c, \u201enic mi nevyjde\u201c, \u201eboj\u00edm se p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1dku\u201c. A nav\u00edc, jak je zvykem, v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i a u\u017eivatel\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00fdch distribuc\u00ed neust\u00e1le diskutuj\u00ed o tom, kter\u00fd Linux je lep\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Rozmanit\u00e1
\nDistribuce Linuxu spole\u010dn\u011b bojuj\u00ed proti hegemonii Microsoftu. Autor p\u016fvodn\u00edho obr\u00e1zku je S. Jolkino, chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed prvky nakreslil autor \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/i><\/p>\n

Rozhodl jsem se aktualizovat opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di a za\u010dal vyb\u00edrat. U\u017e jsem se t\u00edm kdysi bavil \u2014 stahoval jsem distribuce Linuxu a testoval je. Ale to bylo docela d\u00e1vno. Od t\u00e9 doby se Linuxy zm\u011bnily, a tak nen\u00ed na \u0161kodu otestovat je znovu.<\/p>\n

Z n\u011bkolika set jsem vzal \u0161est. V\u0161echny jsou varianty Ubuntu.<\/a><\/noindex>Ubuntu je jednou z nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch distribuc\u00ed. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b Ubuntu bylo vytvo\u0159eno spousta dal\u0161\u00edch distribuc\u00ed (ano, opravdu se takto rozmno\u017euj\u00ed: z jednoho Linuxu se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 druh\u00fd a na jeho z\u00e1klad\u011b \u2014 t\u0159et\u00ed, potom \u010dtvrt\u00fd, a tak d\u00e1l, dokud nov\u00e9 tapety pro plochu neskon\u010d\u00ed). Pou\u017e\u00edval jsem jednu z takov\u00fdch odvozen\u00fdch distribuc\u00ed (mimochodem, ruskou \u2014 Runtu<\/a><\/noindex> se naz\u00fdv\u00e1), tak\u017ee jsem za\u010dal testovat Ubuntu a jej\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed varianty. Ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch variant je<\/a><\/noindex> sedm. Z t\u011bchto sedmi dvou si nemus\u00edme v\u0161\u00edmat, proto\u017ee jedna je pro \u010c\u00ed\u0148any,<\/a><\/noindex>a druh\u00e1 \u2014 pro ty, kdo profesion\u00e1ln\u011b pracuj\u00ed se zvukem a videem.<\/a><\/noindex>Pod\u00edvejme se na zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch p\u011bt plus origin\u00e1l. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, je to velmi subjektivn\u00ed a s mno\u017estv\u00edm pozn\u00e1mek.<\/p>\n

Ubuntu<\/h2>\n

\nUbuntu je origin\u00e1l. V \u017eargonu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201evanilkov\u00e1 Ubuntu\u201c, od vanilla<\/i> \u2014 standardn\u00ed, nemaj\u00edc\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti. Ostatn\u00ed p\u011bt distribuc\u00ed je zalo\u017eeno na n\u00ed a li\u0161\u00ed se pouze grafick\u00fdm rozhran\u00edm: pracovn\u00edm stolem, okny, panelem a tla\u010d\u00edtky. Samotn\u00e1 Ubuntu vypad\u00e1 jako MacOS, jenom je panel nalevo (ale lze ho p\u0159em\u00edstit dol\u016f). To, \u017ee je v\u0161echno anglicky, to jsem prost\u011b m\u011bl lenost p\u0159epnout, skute\u010dn\u011b tam je i ru\u0161tina.<\/p>\n

\"Rozmanit\u00e1
\nUbuntu hned po spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/i><\/p>\n

Ko\u010di\u010dka, co st\u0159\u00edl\u00ed o\u010dima \u2014 to je ve skute\u010dnosti fosa<\/a><\/noindex>. Vypad\u00e1 jako ko\u010dkovit\u00e9 \u0161elmy, ale ve skute\u010dnosti pat\u0159\u00ed do jin\u00e9 \u010deledi. \u017dije na Madagaskaru. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 verze Ubuntu m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 k\u00f3dov\u00e9 jm\u00e9no: zv\u00ed\u0159e a n\u011bjak\u00fd p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fd jm\u00e9no. Verze 20.04 se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Focal Fossa. Focal \u2014 st\u0159ed v tom smyslu \"centr\u00e1ln\u00ed bod\", a Fossa zase p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 FOSS<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 Free and Open Source Software, svobodn\u00fd software s otev\u0159en\u00fdm zdrojov\u00fdm k\u00f3dem. No a na obr\u00e1zku se fosa soust\u0159ed\u00ed na n\u011bco.<\/p>\n

Na prvn\u00ed pohled dobr\u00fd dojem, ale zhor\u0161uje se, kdy\u017e za\u010dnete pracovat. Pokud jste nevid\u011bli obvykl\u00fd panel s otev\u0159en\u00fdmi okny, jako ve Windows, tak to je spr\u00e1vn\u011b: takov\u00fd panel neexistuje. Jsou tam ikony spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se rozsv\u011bcuj\u00ed, a tak\u00e9 n\u011bco jako Aktivity, co\u017e vypad\u00e1 jako seznam otev\u0159en\u00fdch program\u016f na Androidu.<\/p>\n

\"Rozmanit\u00e1
\nU\u010d\u00edme se p\u0159ep\u00ednat mezi okny v Ubuntu: t\u00e1hneme my\u0161\u00ed k Aktivit\u00e1m, klikneme, naje\u010fme na okno, klikneme je\u0161t\u011b jednou. Vid\u00edte, jak je to jednoduch\u00e9?<\/i><\/p>\n

Vypad\u00e1 to efektn\u011b, zejm\u00e9na s kr\u00e1sn\u00fdmi plynul\u00fdmi animacemi, ale co se pohodlnosti t\u00fd\u010de \u2014 ne moc. Kdybych jen poslouchal hudbu a sledoval filmy, ani\u017e bych opustil prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d \u2014 ale j\u00e1 se pot\u0159ebuju neust\u00e1le p\u0159ep\u00ednat mezi programy, a 10 sou\u010dasn\u011b otev\u0159en\u00fdch oken \u2014 to nen\u00ed nic neobvykl\u00e9ho. A te\u010f si p\u0159edstavte: poka\u017ed\u00e9 mus\u00edte n\u011bkam t\u00e1hnout my\u0161, n\u011bco tam kliknout, znovu n\u011bjak t\u00e1hnout (p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e hled\u00e1te pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 okno ne podle n\u00e1zvu, ale podle mal\u00e9ho obr\u00e1zku), znovu kliknout... Zkr\u00e1tka, po hodin\u011b budete okam\u017eit\u011b cht\u00edt tento syst\u00e9m vyhodit a u\u017e se k n\u011bmu nevracet. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159ep\u00ednat okna pomoc\u00ed Alt-Tab, ale to je tak\u00e9 dost \"zaj\u00edmav\u00e1\" funkce.<\/p>\n

Na Androidu mimochodem vypad\u00e1 podobn\u011b. V roce 2011 n\u011bjak\u00e9 chytr\u00e9 hlavy, kter\u00e9 d\u011blaly grafick\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed Ubuntu<\/a><\/noindex>, vid\u011bli iPad a pomysleli si: \u201eTo je budoucnost. Ud\u011blejme takov\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed, aby bylo jako od Applu a aby se dalo pou\u017e\u00edvat na tabletu. Pak na v\u0161ech tabletech bude na\u0161e grafick\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed, m\u00e1me vyhr\u00e1no, a Windows m\u00e1 po...<\/a><\/noindex>\u201c. Nakonec na tabletech s Androidem a iOS, a dokonce i Microsoft se odtud st\u00e1hl. Windows \u017eije a zdrav\u00ed, ale konec p\u0159i\u0161el norm\u00e1ln\u00edmu rozhran\u00ed Ubuntua. A samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, Ubuntu na tabletech pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jen extr\u00e9mn\u00ed nad\u0161enci (hned \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m \u2014 ani jsem to nezkou\u0161el). Mo\u017en\u00e1 by st\u00e1lo za to v\u0161e vr\u00e1tit zp\u011bt, ale za deset let bylo do tohoto rozhran\u00ed investov\u00e1no tolik \u00fasil\u00ed a pen\u011bz, \u017ee se st\u00e1le vyv\u00edj\u00ed. Co k tomu mohu \u0159\u00edct... Minim\u00e1ln\u011b je to st\u00e1le hezk\u00e9. Co se t\u00fd\u010de pou\u017eitelnosti \u2014 jaksi je mo\u017en\u00e9 nainstalovat n\u011bjak\u00e9 dopl\u0148ky, kter\u00e9 vr\u00e1t\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00ed panel s okny. Ale moc se mi nechce experimentovat s nimi.<\/p>\n

Nav\u00edc jsem se pod\u00edval na spot\u0159ebu prost\u0159edk\u016f \u2014 Ubuntu hned po spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zab\u00edr\u00e1 gigabajt RAM. To je skoro jako Windows. Ne, d\u00edky. Jinak to vypad\u00e1 jako norm\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

Kubuntu<\/h2>\n

\nPokud Ubuntu p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 macOS, pak Kubuntu<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 Windows. Pod\u00edvejte se sami.<\/p>\n

\"Rozmanit\u00e1
\nKubuntu hned po spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. K\u00f3dov\u00e9 jm\u00e9no \u2014 tak\u00e9 Focal Fossa, ale obr\u00e1zek je jin\u00fd.<\/i><\/p>\n

Tady na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed nejsou pokusy vytvo\u0159it syst\u00e9m pro tablet, m\u00edsto toho je tu pokus vytvo\u0159it relativn\u011b norm\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro stoln\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d. Pracovn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 KDE \u2014 neptejte se, co to znamen\u00e1. V lidov\u00e9m jazyce \u2014 \u201ekeds\u201c. Odtud to \u201eK\u201c v n\u00e1zvu opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Tam maj\u00ed v\u016fbec r\u00e1di p\u00edsmeno \u201eK\u201c: pokud se poda\u0159\u00ed, p\u0159idaj\u00ed ho na za\u010d\u00e1tek n\u00e1zvu programu, pokud ne, nevad\u00ed, daj\u00ed ho na konec n\u00e1zvu. Kdy\u017e u\u017e nic, nakresl\u00ed ho na ikonu.<\/p>\n

\"Rozmanit\u00e1
\nOpravdu p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 Windows?<\/i><\/p>\n

Barevn\u00fd schemat je podobn\u00fd \"des\u00edtce\", a dokonce \"ding\" p\u0159i objeven\u00ed notifikace \u2013 jako p\u0159es kop\u00edr\u00e1k... Opravuji, to nen\u00ed Kubunta, ale jak\u00e1si Windubunta. Pokus o \"p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed\" vzhledu Windows sah\u00e1 a\u017e tak daleko, \u017ee lze nastavit tla\u010d\u00edtka jako ve Windows \u2013 i kdy\u017e, pro\u010d to tak vypad\u00e1, jako ve Windows 95 (pod\u00edvejte se na sn\u00edmek na lev\u00e9 doln\u00ed stran\u011b v nastaven\u00ed). Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, syst\u00e9m lze \"p\u0159eobl\u00e9ct\", proto\u017ee Linux je pln\u011b konfigurovateln\u00fd a pak p\u0159estane vypadat jako Windows, ale vy\u017eaduje to trochu hrab\u00e1n\u00ed v nastaven\u00ed. Ano, pro jistotu: pokud zapnete okna a tla\u010d\u00edtka z 95., syst\u00e9m st\u00e1le spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 prost\u0159edky, jako by byl v roce 2020. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, v tomto ohledu je docela skromn\u00fd: n\u011bjak\u00fdch 400 MB pam\u011bti po spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 to je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nic. Ani jsem to ne\u010dekal. Kolovaly neust\u00e1l\u00e9 f\u00e1my, \u017ee \"konope\" je pomal\u00e9 a \u017erav\u00e9. Ale zat\u00edm to nevypad\u00e1. Jinak se jedn\u00e1 o stejnou Ubuntu, proto\u017ee technicky je to jeden a ten sam\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Snad jen n\u011bkter\u00e9 programy jsou jin\u00e9, ale Firefox a LibreOffice tak\u00e9 z\u016fstaly.<\/p>\n

Ubuntu MATE<\/h2>\n

\nUbuntu MATE<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 to je snaha znovu vytvo\u0159it Ubuntu v podob\u011b, v jak\u00e9 byla p\u0159ed rokem 2011. Tedy p\u0159ed t\u00edm, kdy\u017e se v origin\u00e1le rozhodli ud\u011blat syst\u00e9m pro tablety a ud\u011blali to, co jsem ukazoval v\u00fd\u0161e. Tehdy n\u011bjak\u00e9 jin\u00e9 chytr\u00e9 lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed se necht\u011bli vzd\u00e1t, vzali k\u00f3d star\u00e9ho grafick\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed a za\u010dali ho vylep\u0161ovat a udr\u017eovat. Dob\u0159e si pamatuji, \u017ee jsem se tehdy d\u00edval na jejich pr\u00e1ci jako na snahu vytvo\u0159it zombie a myslel si: \"Nu dob\u0159e, projekt je evidentn\u011b \u017eivotaschopn\u00fd, p\u00e1r let se to to\u010dit a skon\u010d\u00ed to.\" A ejhle \u2013 u\u017e skoro deset let \u017eije a prosp\u00edv\u00e1, dokonce se dostalo mezi ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed varianty Ubuntu. No, st\u00e1v\u00e1 se. Ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b, touha po klasice v lidech je nezni\u010diteln\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\"Rozmanit\u00e1
\nAno, ano, zde jsou dva panely! Pro po\u0159\u00e1dek, panely \u2013 to jsou tyto dv\u011b \u0161ed\u00e9 li\u0161ty naho\u0159e a dole.<\/i><\/p>\n

MATE \u2013 to je MATE, n\u00e1zev tohoto zelen\u00e9ho grafick\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed. Mate \u2013 to je mat\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex>, takov\u00e1 jihoamerick\u00e1 rostlina, a proto je zelen\u00e1. A je\u0161t\u011b mate \u2014 p\u0159\u00edtel, tak\u017ee nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na \"p\u0159\u00e1telskost\". Mat\u00e9 se v\u016fbec na nic nepodob\u00e1 \u2014 ani na Windoze, ani na MacOS. Podob\u00e1 se sama sob\u011b, p\u0159esn\u011bji, na origin\u00e1ln\u00ed my\u0161lenku z Linux\u016f 90. let a nult\u00fdch: ud\u011blat ne jeden panel s okny a ikonami, ale dva: jeden s okny, druh\u00fd s ikonami. No a nic takov\u00e9ho, povedlo se to. Mimochodem, m\u016f\u017eete tak\u00e9 vid\u011bt \u010dty\u0159i obd\u00e9ln\u00edky v prav\u00e9m doln\u00edm rohu \u2014 to je p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d pracovn\u00edch ploch. Na Windoze takov\u00e1 v\u011bc ned\u00e1vno vznikla, v Linuxu existuje od nepam\u011bti. M\u016f\u017eete tedy na jedn\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed plo\u0161e otev\u0159\u00edt n\u011bco k pr\u00e1ci, pak p\u0159epnout na sousedn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed plochu a tam b\u00fdt na Vkontakte. Pravda, j\u00e1 v\u00edc ne\u017e jednu pracovn\u00ed plochu skoro nikdy nepou\u017e\u00edval.<\/p>\n

\"Rozmanit\u00e1
\nPokud otev\u0159ete hodn\u011b okna, bude to vypadat takto<\/i><\/p>\n

Jinak je to stejn\u00e1 Ubuntu, co se t\u00fd\u010de spot\u0159eby zdroj\u016f a rychlosti pr\u00e1ce \u2014 jako origin\u00e1l. Tak\u00e9 si po spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v klidu ukousne gigabajt pam\u011bti. Mn\u011b to nep\u0159ipad\u00e1 jako moc, ale i tak je to trochu \u0161koda.<\/p>\n

Ubuntu-Budgie<\/h2>\n

\nUbuntu-Budgie<\/a><\/noindex> ud\u011blala nemo\u017en\u00e9: st\u00e1t se je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce podobnou MacOS ne\u017e Ubuntu. Budgie \u2014 to je n\u00e1zev dal\u0161\u00ed grafick\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex>, pokud n\u011bco. A\u010dkoli to pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b sami v\u00edte.<\/p>\n

\"Rozmanit\u00e1
\nBezplatn\u00e1 MacOS Ubuntu-Budgie hned po spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/i><\/p>\n

Vysv\u011btluji, jak se tento z\u00e1zrak objevil. Kdy\u017e v roce 2011 se n\u011bjac\u00ed chyt\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 rozhodli ud\u011blat Ubuntu pro tablet\u2026 ano, v\u0161e to tehdy za\u010dalo \ud83d\ude42 Tak\u017ee, zat\u00edmco n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed nesouhlasn\u00ed experimentovali se vznikem zombie (jak se uk\u00e1zalo, velmi \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b), jin\u00ed se rozhodli vytvo\u0159it m\u00edsto zomb\u00ed Principi\u00e1ln\u011b Nov\u00e9ho \u010clov\u011bka nov\u00e9 grafick\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bude z pohledu pohodl\u00ed pr\u00e1ce p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jako star\u00e9 a bez zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na tablety, ale p\u0159itom bude \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9, modern\u00ed, technologick\u00e9. D\u011blali, d\u011blali a dostali n\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho MacOS. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 tv\u016frci p\u016fvodn\u00edho Ubuntu tak\u00e9 d\u011blali, d\u011blali a dostali n\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho MacOS. Ale podle m\u011b je Budgie o n\u011bco v\u00edce podobn\u00e1: p\u0159ece jen panel s ikonami je hned dole, a ne na boku. Od toho se ale nic nezm\u011bnilo: stejn\u011b tak je nep\u0159ehledn\u00e9 p\u0159ep\u00ednat mezi okny, ani jsem hned nepochopil, kam kliknout.<\/p>\n

\"Rozmanit\u00e1
\nMo\u017en\u00e1 vid\u00edte pod prav\u00fdm symbolem takovou malou jisk\u0159i\u010dku? To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee program b\u011b\u017e\u00ed<\/i><\/p>\n

Celkov\u011b se pohodl\u00edm a spot\u0159ebou prost\u0159edk\u016f od origin\u00e1lu moc neli\u0161\u00ed \u2014 stejn\u00fd gigabajt, jak vid\u00edte, a stejn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s \"ob\u011btov\u00e1n\u00edm pohodl\u00ed pro kr\u00e1su\". Plus, tento syst\u00e9m m\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b jeden probl\u00e9m: Budgie je p\u0159ece jen m\u00e9n\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u00ed ne\u017e Ubuntu, tak\u017ee \u0161ance, \u017ee se d\u00e1 tak snadno p\u0159izp\u016fsobit vlastn\u00edm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m a opravit, pokud n\u011bco nefunguje, je podstatn\u011b men\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Lubuntu<\/h2>\n

\nLubuntu<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 to je Ubuntu pro slab\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de s n\u00edzk\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem. \"L\" znamen\u00e1 lightweight<\/i>, tedy lehk\u00fd. No, 400 MB opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti po na\u010dten\u00ed bych nazval zcela \"leh\u010d\u00ed\"<\/p>\n

\"Rozmanit\u00e1
\nNa\u010dteno, ud\u011blali jsme selfie\u2026<\/i><\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 vypad\u00e1 jako Windows a na KDE p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u011b. Na KDE, mus\u00edm \u0159\u00edci, ne n\u00e1hodou \u2014 je tam stejn\u00e1 technologie (nemus\u00edm se zab\u00fdvat detaily, ale m\u016f\u017eete si to vygooglit jako \"Qt\"). Pravda, abyste na stejn\u00e9 technologii vytvo\u0159ili n\u011bco o n\u011bco rychlej\u0161\u00edho a m\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9ho (a\u010dkoliv to s \"m\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdm\", soud\u011b podle spot\u0159eby RAM, nevy\u0161lo), bylo t\u0159eba vym\u011bnit spoustu program\u016f a komponent za jejich analogie, kter\u00e9 jsou prost\u011b jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed a proto \u00fadajn\u011b rychleji funguj\u00ed. V\u00fdsledek je, na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b, v po\u0159\u00e1dku, ale co se vizu\u00e1ln\u00edho dojmu t\u00fd\u010de \u2014 nic moc.<\/p>\n

\"Rozmanit\u00e1
\nOldschool okna ve stylu Windows 95. Ve skute\u010dnosti je mo\u017en\u00e9 ud\u011blat hez\u010d\u00ed, ale to si \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 trochu \u00fasil\u00ed<\/i><\/p>\n

Xubuntu<\/h2>\n

\nXubuntu<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 to je dal\u0161\u00ed relativn\u011b \"lehkov\u00e1\u017en\u00e1\" varianta Ubuntu, ale s jin\u00fdm grafick\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm. Grafick\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Xfce (ek-es-ef-ce!), a ob\u010das se p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee to je jedno z nejm\u00e9n\u011b hezk\u00fdch n\u00e1zv\u016f v Linuxu. Na \u017eargonu to je \"my\u0161ka\", proto\u017ee jej\u00ed logo vypad\u00e1 takto.<\/p>\n

\"Rozmanit\u00e1
\nV lev\u00e9m horn\u00edm rohu m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt ikonu s obli\u010dejem my\u0161i \u2014 to je logo grafick\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. A vpravo, vypad\u00e1 to, \u017ee tak\u00e9 nakreslili obli\u010dej<\/i><\/p>\n

Co se vzhledu t\u00fd\u010de \u2014 n\u011bco mezi Windows, macOS a osobit\u00fdm stylem. Vlastn\u011b lze panel snadno p\u0159esunout dol\u016f, a pak to vypad\u00e1 jako Windows. Co se \u00faspory prost\u0159edk\u016f t\u00fd\u010de \u2014 jako Lubuntu. Celkov\u011b je to vlastn\u011b docela dobr\u00fd syst\u00e9m, udr\u017eovan\u00fd v klasick\u00e9m stylu \u2014 nen\u00ed supermodern\u00ed, ale zcela vhodn\u00fd pro pr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011bry<\/h2>\n

\n\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry \u2013 \u010dist\u011b osobn\u00ed preference. A k tomu spousta technick\u00fdch nuanc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, jak\u00e9 programy kdo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 a jak moc se chce zaob\u00edrat nastaven\u00edmi syst\u00e9mu. M\u016fj osobn\u00ed \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dek je asi takov\u00fd.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Kubuntu<\/li>\n
  2. Xubuntu<\/li>\n
  3. Ubuntu<\/li>\n
  4. Ubuntu MATE<\/li>\n
  5. Ubuntu-Budgie<\/li>\n
  6. Lubuntu<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nPokud se sna\u017e\u00edte n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem spojit tento \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dek s obsahem \u010dl\u00e1nku a pochopit pro\u010d je tomu tak \u2013 ned\u011blejte to. Pokud nevid\u00edte logiku \u2013 ano, m\u00e1te pravdu, asi tu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 nen\u00ed. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1m \u2013 jsou to preference. Vzpomn\u011bli jste si na obr\u00e1zek o \u201avendecape\u2018 na za\u010d\u00e1tku \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n

    Ale nezapom\u00ednejme, \u017ee existuj\u00ed stovky distribuc\u00ed Linuxu. Tak\u017ee mo\u017en\u00e1 z\u00e1v\u011br je \u2013 \u201e\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 Ubuntu, pouze tvrd\u00fd rusk\u00fd Alt-Linux.<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb.
    \n
    Zdroj:     habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0451\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b Ubuntu Linux 20.04 \u0438 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u0451 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430, glibc, snapd \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":93557,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-93556","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Mnohostrann\u00e1 Ubuntu v roce 2020 | ProHoster","description":"P\u0159ed v\u00e1mi je neobjektivn\u00ed, nez\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd a netechnick\u00fd p\u0159ehled opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu Ubuntu Linux 20.04 a p\u011bti jeho ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch 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