{"id":94293,"date":"2020-09-15T07:42:20","date_gmt":"2020-09-15T05:42:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/informaczionnaya-sreda-na-princzipah-open-data"},"modified":"2020-09-15T07:42:20","modified_gmt":"2020-09-15T05:42:20","slug":"informaczionnaya-sreda-na-princzipah-open-data","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/informaczionnaya-sreda-na-princzipah-open-data","title":{"rendered":"Informa\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na principech Open Data","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Informa\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na principech Open Data\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/23b2f7827718426d94d8b53b1f596eac.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNab\u00edzen\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed je jakousi decentralizovanou soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed. Na rozd\u00edl od mnoha st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed m\u00e1 toto prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u0159adu u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed krom\u011b decentralizace a je postaveno na dostate\u010dn\u011b jednoduch\u00fdch a standardn\u00edch technick\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00edch (e-mail, json, textov\u00e9 soubory a trochu blockchainu). To umo\u017e\u0148uje ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kdo m\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed znalosti programov\u00e1n\u00ed, vytv\u00e1\u0159et sv\u00e9 slu\u017eby pro toto prost\u0159ed\u00ed. <br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed identifik\u00e1tor<\/h3>\n<p>\nV jak\u00e9mkoli online prost\u0159ed\u00ed jsou identifik\u00e1tory u\u017eivatel\u016f a objekt\u016f jedn\u00edm z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch prvk\u016f syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<p>V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jako identifik\u00e1tor u\u017eivatele slou\u017e\u00ed e-mail, kter\u00fd se ji\u017e fakticky stal obvykl\u00fdm identifik\u00e1torem pro autorizaci na webech a jin\u00fdch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch (jaber, openId). <\/p>\n<p>Fakticky identifik\u00e1tor u\u017eivatele v tomto online prost\u0159ed\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje p\u00e1r login+domain, kter\u00fd je pro pohodl\u00ed zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1n v obvykl\u00e9m form\u00e1tu pro v\u011bt\u0161inu. P\u0159itom pro v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed decentralizaci by m\u011bl ka\u017ed\u00fd u\u017eivatel m\u00edt sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed dom\u00e9nu. To odpov\u00edd\u00e1 princip\u016fm indiewebu, kde se jako u\u017eivatelsk\u00fd identifik\u00e1tor pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 dom\u00e9na. V na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b k vlastn\u00ed dom\u00e9n\u011b u\u017eivatel p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ezd\u00edvku, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1\u0159et v\u00edce \u00fa\u010dt\u016f na jedn\u00e9 dom\u00e9n\u011b (nap\u0159\u00edklad pro p\u0159\u00e1tele) a \u010din\u00ed adresace syst\u00e9mu flexibiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Takov\u00fd form\u00e1t identifik\u00e1toru u\u017eivatele nen\u00ed v\u00e1z\u00e1n na \u017e\u00e1dnou s\u00ed\u0165. Pokud u\u017eivatel um\u00edst\u00ed sv\u00e1 data v s\u00edti TOR, lze pou\u017e\u00edt dom\u00e9ny v z\u00f3n\u011b .onion; pokud se jedn\u00e1 o s\u00ed\u0165 s DNS syst\u00e9mem na blockchainu, pak dom\u00e9ny v z\u00f3n\u011b typu .bit. V d\u016fsledku toho form\u00e1t adresace u\u017eivatel\u016f a jejich dat nez\u00e1vis\u00ed na s\u00edti, skrze kterou jsou p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ena (v\u017edy se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 spojen\u00ed login+domain). Pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt jako identifik\u00e1tor bitcoin\/ethereum adresu, lze syst\u00e9m upravit pro pou\u017eit\u00ed pseudo e-mailov\u00fdch adres typu <code>xaca1b7c8126806f672f9dbee4951527bb0f2c4e4@ethereum.blockchain<\/code><\/p>\n<h3>Adresace objekt\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>\nToto online prost\u0159ed\u00ed je vlastn\u011b souborem objekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou pops\u00e1ny v strukturovan\u00e9 strojov\u011b \u010diteln\u00e9 podob\u011b, odkazuj\u00ed na jin\u00e9 objekty a jsou p\u0159idru\u017eeny k ur\u010dit\u00e9mu u\u017eivateli (e-mailu) nebo projektu\/organizaci (dom\u00e9n\u011b).<\/p>\n<p>Jako identifik\u00e1tory objekt\u016f se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed urn v prostoru jmen urn:opendata. Nap\u0159\u00edklad profil u\u017eivatele m\u00e1 adresu ve tvaru: <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">urn:opendata:profile:user@domain.com<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nKoment\u00e1\u0159 u\u017eivatele m\u00e1 adresu ve tvaru:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">urn:opendata:comment:user@domain.com:08adbed93413782682fd25da77bd93c99dfd0548<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nkde 08adbed93413782682fd25da77bd93c99dfd0548 je n\u00e1hodn\u00fd sha-1 hash, kter\u00fd slou\u017e\u00ed jako id objektu, a user@domain.com je vlastn\u00edk tohoto objektu.<\/p>\n<h3>Princip publikov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch dat<\/h3>\n<p>\nPokud u\u017eivatel spravuje svou dom\u00e9nu, m\u016f\u017ee relativn\u011b snadno publikovat sv\u00e1 data a obsah. A na rozd\u00edl od indie webu, pro to nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159et str\u00e1nky s html str\u00e1nkami, do kter\u00fdch jsou vlo\u017eena s\u00e9mantick\u00e1 data.<\/p>\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u00e1kladn\u00ed informace o u\u017eivateli jsou um\u00edst\u011bny v souboru datarobots.txt, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na adrese ve tvaru <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">http:\/\/55334.ru\/konstantin@55334.ru\/datarobots.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nA m\u00e1 obsah takov\u00e9ho form\u00e1tu:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">Object: user\nServices-Enabled: 55334.ru,newethnos.ru\nEthnos: newethnos\nDelegate-Tokens: http:\/\/55334.ru\/konstantin@55334.ru\/delegete.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nTo znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o soubor \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f s daty ve form\u00e1tu kl\u00ed\u010d-&gt;hodnota, kter\u00e9 je jednoduch\u00e9 parsovat pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo m\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed znalosti programov\u00e1n\u00ed. A p\u0159i p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed lze data upravit prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm oby\u010dejn\u00e9ho textov\u00e9ho editoru.<\/p>\n<p>Slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed data (profil, koment\u00e1\u0159, p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek atd.), kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed sv\u016fj urn \u2014 se vrac\u00ed ve form\u011b JSON objektu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm standardn\u00edho API (http:\/\/opendatahub.org\/api_1.0?lang=ru), kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt um\u00edst\u011bn jak na dom\u00e9n\u011b u\u017eivatele, tak na extern\u00edm webu, kter\u00e9mu u\u017eivatel delegoval uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, publikov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u00fapravu sv\u00fdch dat (v \u0159\u00e1dku Services-Enabled souboru datarobots.txt). O t\u011bchto extern\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch je naps\u00e1no n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n<h3>Jednoduch\u00e1 ontologie a JSON<\/h3>\n<p>\nOntologie komunika\u010dn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed je relativn\u011b jednoduch\u00e1 ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s ontologiemi oborov\u00fdch znalostn\u00edch b\u00e1z\u00ed. V komunika\u010dn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed existuje relativn\u011b mal\u00fd soubor standardn\u00edch objekt\u016f (p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek, koment\u00e1\u0159, lajkov\u00e1n\u00ed, profil, recenze) s relativn\u011b mal\u00fdm souborem vlastnost\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Proto k popisu objekt\u016f v takov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed sta\u010d\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat JSON m\u00edsto slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed struktury a parsov\u00e1n\u00ed XML (je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nezapom\u00ednat na nutnost n\u00edzk\u00e9ho vstupn\u00edho prahu a \u0161k\u00e1lovatelnost).<\/p>\n<p>Pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed objektu s n\u00e1mi zn\u00e1m\u00fdm urn \u2014 je nutn\u00e9 obr\u00e1tit se na dom\u00e9nu u\u017eivatele, nebo extern\u00ed slu\u017eby, kter\u00fdm u\u017eivatel delegoval spr\u00e1vu sv\u00fdch dat.<\/p>\n<p>V tomto online prost\u0159ed\u00ed m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd dom\u00e9n, na kter\u00e9m existuje online slu\u017eba, tak\u00e9 sv\u016fj datarobots.txt um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fd na adrese ve form\u00e1tu example.com\/datarobots.txt s podobn\u00fdm obsahem:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">Objekt: service\nApi: http:\/\/newethnos.cz\/api\nApi-Verze: http:\/\/opendatahub.org\/api_1.0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nZ kter\u00e9ho se m\u016f\u017eeme dozv\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee data o objektu lze z\u00edskat na adrese ve form\u00e1tu:<\/p>\n<p><i><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/newethnos.ru\/api?urn=urn:opendata:profile:konstantin@55334.ru\">http:\/\/newethnos.ru\/api?urn=urn:opendata:profile:konstantin@55334.ru<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>JSON objekt m\u00e1 tuto strukturu:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"json\">{\n    \"urn\": \"urn:opendata:profile:expample@55334.ru\",\n    \"status\": 1,\n    \"message\": \"Ok\",\n    \"timestamp\": 1596429631,\n    \"service\": \"example.com\",\n    \"data\": {\n        \"name\": \"Jan\",\n        \"surname\": \"Gald\",\n        \"gender\": \"mu\u017e\",\n        \"city\": \"Moskva\",\n        \"img\": \"http:\/\/domain.com\/image.jpg\",\n        \"birthtime\": 332467200,\n        \"community_friends\": {\n            \"example1@domain.com\": \"1\",\n            \"example2@domain.com\": \"0,5\",\n            \"example3@domain.com\": \"0,7\"\n        },\n        \"interests_tags\": \"auta,ko\u010dky,kinematografie\",\n        \"mental_cards\": {\n            \"no_alcohol@main\": 8,\n            \"data_accumulation@main\": 8,\n            \"open_data@main\": 8\n        }\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Slu\u017eebn\u00ed architektura<\/h3>\n<p>\nExtern\u00ed slu\u017eby jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed procesu publikace a vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dat koncov\u00fdmi u\u017eivateli. <\/p>\n<p>V\u00fd\u0161e byl zm\u00edn\u011bn jeden z typ\u016f slu\u017eeb, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016fm publikovat jejich data na s\u00edti. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 existov\u00e1n\u00ed mnoha podobn\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 poskytuje u\u017eivateli pohodln\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed pro \u00fapravu jednoho z typ\u016f dat (forum, blog, ot\u00e1zka-odpov\u011b\u010f atd.). Pokud v\u0161ak u\u017eivatel ned\u016fv\u011b\u0159uje extern\u00edm slu\u017eb\u00e1m, m\u016f\u017ee si na sv\u016fj dom\u00e9n um\u00edstit skript slu\u017eby pro pr\u00e1ci s daty nebo si jej vyvinout s\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b slu\u017eeb, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016fm publikovat\/editovat data \u2014 v online prost\u0159ed\u00ed existuje \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch slu\u017eeb, kter\u00e9 pln\u00ed relativn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00e9 \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 realizovat na uzlech koncov\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z typ\u016f t\u011bchto slu\u017eeb jsou datov\u00e9 huby ( <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/opendatahub.org\/ru\">opendatahub.org\/cz<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 p\u0159\u00edklad), kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed jako jak\u00fdsi webov\u00fd archiv, jen\u017e shroma\u017e\u010fuje v\u0161echna ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 strojov\u011b \u010diteln\u00e1 data u\u017eivatel\u016f a poskytuje k nim p\u0159\u00edstup p\u0159es API. <\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edtomnost slu\u017eeb v takov\u00e9m otev\u0159en\u00e9m decentralizovan\u00e9m online prost\u0159ed\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u011b sni\u017euje vstupn\u00ed pr\u00e1h pro u\u017eivatele, proto\u017ee nen\u00ed t\u0159eba instalovat a konfigurovat vlastn\u00ed uzel. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak u\u017eivatel z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 ve vlastnictv\u00ed sv\u00fdch dat (v ka\u017ed\u00fd okam\u017eik m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit slu\u017ebu, kter\u00e9 delegoval publikaci dat, nebo vytvo\u0159it sv\u016fj uzel).<\/p>\n<p>Pokud u\u017eivateli v\u016fbec nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na vlastnictv\u00ed jeho dat a nem\u00e1 svou dom\u00e9nu nebo n\u011bkoho, kdo by mu s dom\u00e9nou pomohl, spravuje jeho data automaticky opendatahub.org.<\/p>\n<h3>Na \u010d\u00ed n\u00e1klady to v\u0161echno je?<\/h3>\n<p>\nZd\u00e1 se, \u017ee hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem v\u0161ech t\u011bchto decentralizovan\u00fdch projekt\u016f je nemo\u017enost monetizace na \u00farovni, kter\u00e1 by byla dostate\u010dn\u00e1 pro stabiln\u00ed rozvoj a podporu.<\/p>\n<p>Na pokryt\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na v\u00fdvoj a marketing se v tomto online prost\u0159ed\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dary + tokeny.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161echny dary, kter\u00e9 u\u017eivatel\u00e9 vkl\u00e1daj\u00ed do vnit\u0159n\u00edch projekt\u016f\/slu\u017eeb, jsou ve\u0159ejn\u00e9, strojov\u011b \u010diteln\u00e9 a spojen\u00e9 s e-mailem. To umo\u017e\u0148uje jejich zohledn\u011bn\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i v\u00fdpo\u010dtu vnitros\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho soci\u00e1ln\u00edho hodnocen\u00ed a publikaci na u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch. Kdy\u017e dary p\u0159estanou b\u00fdt anonymn\u00ed, u\u017eivatel\u00e9 ve skute\u010dnosti nedaruj\u00ed, ale p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed na podporu spole\u010dn\u00e9ho informa\u010dn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Stejn\u011b jako lid\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed na opravy spole\u010dn\u00fdch prostor, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e maj\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed postoj k t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed se odm\u00edtli pod\u00edlet.<\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b dar\u016f se pro z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prost\u0159edk\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tokeny emitovan\u00e9 v omezen\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed (400.000), kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1ny v\u0161em, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed do hlavn\u00edho fondu (ethnogenesis).<\/p>\n<h3>Dodate\u010dn\u00e9 funkce token\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>\nKa\u017ed\u00fd token je \u201ekl\u00ed\u010dem\u201c pro p\u0159\u00edstup do tohoto online prost\u0159ed\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee slu\u017eby lze vyu\u017e\u00edvat a b\u00fdt sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed online prost\u0159ed\u00ed pouze p\u0159i vlastnictv\u00ed alespo\u0148 1 tokenu, kter\u00fd je spojen s e-mailem.<\/p>\n<p>Tokeny p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed dobr\u00fd filtr proti spamu d\u00edky sv\u00e9 omezenosti. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce u\u017eivatel\u016f je v syst\u00e9mu, t\u00edm obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je z\u00edskat token a t\u00edm n\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je vytv\u00e1\u0159et boty. <\/p>\n<h3>Lid\u00e9, jejich data a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed vazby jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e technologie.<\/h3>\n<p>\nPopisovan\u00e9 online prost\u0159ed\u00ed je technicky pom\u011brn\u011b primitivn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. D\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e technologie jsou v\u0161ak lid\u00e9 a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed vazby a data (obsah), kter\u00e9 se v r\u00e1mci prost\u0159ed\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed komunita, jej\u00ed\u017e \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed identifik\u00e1tory (email a dom\u00e9nu) a strukturovan\u00e1 data (s URN adresami, ontologi\u00ed a JSON objekty), m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159i vzniku lep\u0161\u00edho technick\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159esunout v\u0161echna tato data do jin\u00e9ho online prost\u0159ed\u00ed a p\u0159itom zachovat vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 vazby (hodnocen\u00ed, n\u00e1zory) a obsah. <\/p>\n<p><i>V tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku je pops\u00e1n jeden z prvk\u016f s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 seberegulovan\u00e9 komunity, kter\u00e1 krom\u011b decentralizovan\u00e9ho online prost\u0159ed\u00ed zahrnuje \u0159adu offline sm\u011bru, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed u\u017eitek z online prost\u0159ed\u00ed a jsou \u201ezadavateli\u201c, kte\u0159\u00ed do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry ur\u010duj\u00ed jej\u00ed funk\u010dnost. Ale to u\u017e jsou t\u00e9mata pro jin\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd vztah k IT a technologi\u00edm.<\/i><br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/518852\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c\u044e. \u041d\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u2014 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (email, json, \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430). \u0427\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":94294,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-94293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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