{"id":94574,"date":"2020-09-18T19:42:57","date_gmt":"2020-09-18T17:42:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-2"},"modified":"2020-09-18T19:42:57","modified_gmt":"2020-09-18T17:42:57","slug":"vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-2","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdb\u011br architektonick\u00e9ho stylu (\u010d\u00e1st 2)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Ahoj, Habr. Dnes pokra\u010duji v s\u00e9rii publikac\u00ed, kterou jsem napsal speci\u00e1ln\u011b k zah\u00e1jen\u00ed nov\u00e9ho b\u011bhu kurzu \u201eSoftware Architect\u201c<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n

\nVolba architektonick\u00e9ho stylu je jedn\u00edm z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch technick\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. V t\u00e9to s\u00e9rii \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f se pokus\u00edm prozkoumat nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed architektonick\u00e9 styly pro v\u00fdstavbu aplikac\u00ed a odpov\u011bd\u011bt na ot\u00e1zku, kdy je jak\u00fd architektonick\u00fd styl nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. B\u011bhem vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed se pokus\u00edm prov\u00e9st logickou linii, kter\u00e1 vysv\u011btluje v\u00fdvoj architektonick\u00fdch styl\u016f od monolit\u016f po mikroservisy. <\/p>\n

V minule<\/a><\/noindex> Zab\u00fdvali jsme se monolitick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem a dosp\u011bli jsme k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee monolit m\u00e1 \u0159adu probl\u00e9m\u016f: velikost, prov\u00e1zanost, nasazen\u00ed, \u0161k\u00e1lovatelnost, spolehlivost a rigiditu. <\/p>\n

Tentokr\u00e1t navrhuji hovo\u0159it o mo\u017enostech organizace syst\u00e9mu jako souboru modul\u016f\/knihoven (komponentn\u011b orientovan\u00e1 architektura) nebo slu\u017eeb (slu\u017ebov\u011b orientovan\u00e1 architektura).
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Komponentn\u011b orientovan\u00e1 architektura<\/h2>\n

\nKomponentn\u011b orientovan\u00e1 architektura p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 realizaci syst\u00e9mu jako souboru komponent, kter\u00e9 lze vyu\u017e\u00edt jak v aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch, tak i budouc\u00edch projektech. P\u0159i rozd\u011blen\u00ed syst\u00e9mu na komponenty se zohled\u0148uje: vhodnost pro op\u011btovn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed, zam\u011bnitelnost, nez\u00e1vislost na kontextu, roz\u0161i\u0159itelnost, zapouzd\u0159en\u00ed a nez\u00e1vislost.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m vyu\u017eit\u00ed komponent se \u0159e\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m \"velk\u00e9ho bal\u00edku nepo\u0159\u00e1dku\" (velk\u00e1 velikost + vysok\u00e1 prov\u00e1zanost), p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e samotn\u00e9 komponenty mohou p\u0159edstavovat jak jednotky sestaven\u00ed (moduly, knihovny), tak jednotky nasazen\u00ed (slu\u017eby). Jednotky nasazen\u00ed se nemus\u00ed v\u017edy vztahovat na vykon\u00e1van\u00fd proces: nap\u0159\u00edklad webov\u00e1 aplikace a datab\u00e1ze se nasazuj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b. <\/p>\n

Nej\u010dast\u011bji b\u00fdvaj\u00ed monolity vyv\u00edjeny jako soubor modul\u016f. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup zaji\u0161\u0165uje nez\u00e1vislost v\u00fdvoje, av\u0161ak probl\u00e9my s nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00edm a nasazen\u00edm, odolnost\u00ed a nez\u00e1vislost\u00ed na spole\u010dn\u00e9m technologick\u00e9m stacku p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je modul \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 komponenta.<\/p>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m tohoto monolitu spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee d\u011blen\u00ed na moduly je \u010dist\u011b logick\u00e9 a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt snadno poru\u0161eno v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i. M\u016f\u017ee se objevit modul core, kter\u00fd se postupn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed v odpadkov\u00fd ko\u0161, m\u016f\u017ee r\u016fst graf z\u00e1vislost\u00ed mezi moduly a tak d\u00e1le. Aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo takov\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm, m\u011bla by v\u00fdvojov\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce prob\u00edhat bu\u010f velmi zral\u00fdm t\u00fdmem, nebo pod veden\u00edm \"architekta\", kter\u00fd se na pln\u00fd \u00favazek v\u011bnuje code review a koriguje v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e, kte\u0159\u00ed poru\u0161uj\u00ed logickou strukturu. <\/p>\n

\u201eIde\u00e1ln\u00ed\u201c monolit p\u0159edstavuje soubor logicky odd\u011blen\u00fdch modul\u016f, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd se d\u00edv\u00e1 do sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed datab\u00e1ze.<\/p>\n

Slu\u017ebov\u011b orientovan\u00e1 architektura<\/h2>\n

\nPokud se p\u0159ece jen pl\u00e1nuje organizace syst\u00e9mu ve form\u011b sady slu\u017eeb, jedn\u00e1 se o architekturu orientovanou na slu\u017eby. Jej\u00ed principy: kompatibilita aplikac\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na u\u017eivatele, op\u011btovn\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed obchodn\u00edch slu\u017eeb, nez\u00e1vislost na sad\u011b technologi\u00ed a autonomnost (nez\u00e1visl\u00fd v\u00fdvoj, \u0161k\u00e1lovatelnost a nasazen\u00ed).<\/p>\n

Architektura orientovan\u00e1 na slu\u017eby (SOA = service oriented architecture) \u0159e\u0161\u00ed v\u0161echny zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my monolitu: p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u011b se dot\u00fdk\u00e1 pouze jedn\u00e9 slu\u017eby a jasn\u011b definovan\u00e9 API zaji\u0161\u0165uje dobrou enkapsulaci komponent. <\/p>\n

Ale ne v\u0161e je tak jednoduch\u00e9: SOA p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed vznik nov\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f. Vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 vol\u00e1n\u00ed je dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e lok\u00e1ln\u00ed a p\u0159erozd\u011blen\u00ed povinnost\u00ed mezi komponenty se stalo v\u00fdrazn\u011b dra\u017e\u0161\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Mimochodem, mo\u017enost nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho nasazen\u00ed je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 vlastnost slu\u017eby. Pokud se slu\u017eby mus\u00ed nasazovat spole\u010dn\u011b nebo, t\u00edm sp\u00ed\u0161e, v ur\u010dit\u00e9 posloupnosti, syst\u00e9m nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1n za orientovan\u00fd na slu\u017eby. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se mluv\u00ed o distribuovan\u00e9m monolitu (pova\u017euje se za antipattern nejen z hlediska SOA, ale tak\u00e9 mikroslu\u017eeb). <\/p>\n

Architektura orientovan\u00e1 na slu\u017eby je dob\u0159e podporov\u00e1na architektonick\u00fdm komunitou a dodavateli. Z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 existence mnoha kurz\u016f a certifikac\u00ed, dob\u0159e propracovan\u00fdch vzor\u016f. K t\u011bmto vzor\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad zn\u00e1m\u00e1 podnikov\u00e1 slu\u017eebn\u00ed sb\u011brnice (ESB = enterprise service bus). P\u0159i tom ESB je b\u0159emenem dodavatel\u016f, nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt nutn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na v SOA.<\/p>\n

Vrchol popularity architektury orientovan\u00e9 na slu\u017eby p\u0159ipadl p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b na rok 2008, pot\u00e9 za\u010dala klesat, co\u017e se stalo v\u00fdrazn\u011b rychlej\u0161\u00edm po p\u0159\u00edchodu mikroslu\u017eeb (~2015).<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

\nPot\u00e9, co jsme prodiskutovali mo\u017enosti organizace informa\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f ve form\u011b slu\u017eeb a modul\u016f, navrhuji kone\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ej\u00edt k princip\u016fm architektury mikroslu\u017eeb a v\u011bnovat zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost rozd\u00edlu mezi mikroslu\u017eebn\u00ed a slu\u017ebami orientovanou architekturou v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti.<\/p>\n

\"V\u00fdb\u011br<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Dnes pokra\u010duji v s\u00e9rii publikac\u00ed, kterou jsem napsal speci\u00e1ln\u011b na za\u010d\u00e1tek nov\u00e9ho b\u011bhu kurzu \u201eSoftware Architect\u201c.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-2","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"cs_CZ","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f (\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2) | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u044e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u00abSoftware Architect\u00bb.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-2","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2020-09-18T17:42:57+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-09-18T17:42:57+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"94574","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 11:24:26","updated":"2022-10-03 07:40:49","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94574","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94574"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94574\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/94575"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94574"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=94574"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=94574"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}