{"id":94658,"date":"2020-09-19T13:42:15","date_gmt":"2020-09-19T11:42:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/red-hat-razvivaet-novuyu-fs-nvfs-effektivnuyu-dlya-nvm-pamyati"},"modified":"2020-09-19T13:42:15","modified_gmt":"2020-09-19T11:42:15","slug":"red-hat-razvivaet-novuyu-fs-nvfs-effektivnuyu-dlya-nvm-pamyati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/red-hat-razvivaet-novuyu-fs-nvfs-effektivnuyu-dlya-nvm-pamyati","title":{"rendered":"Red Hat vyv\u00edj\u00ed nov\u00fd souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m NVFS, efektivn\u00ed pro pam\u011b\u0165 NVM","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Mikul\u00e1\u0161 Pato\u010dka, jeden z v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f LVM a autor \u0159ady vyn\u00e1lez\u016f<\/a><\/noindex>, spojen\u00fdch s optimalizac\u00ed pr\u00e1ce syst\u00e9m\u016f ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, pracuj\u00edc\u00ed v spole\u010dnosti Red Hat, p\u0159edstavil<\/a><\/noindex> na mailing listu v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f j\u00e1dra Linux novou \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432ou \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 NVFS<\/a><\/noindex>, zam\u011b\u0159enou na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed kompaktn\u00ed a rychl\u00e9 FS pro \u010dipy energeticky nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 pam\u011bti (NVM, non-volatile memory, nap\u0159\u00edklad NVDIMM), kter\u00e9 kombinuj\u00ed v\u00fdkon RAM s mo\u017enost\u00ed trval\u00e9ho ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu. <\/p>\n

P\u0159i v\u00fdvoji NVFS byl zohledn\u011bn zku\u0161enosti FS NOVA<\/a><\/noindex>, v roce 2017 vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro pam\u011b\u0165 NVM, ale nebylo p\u0159ijato do j\u00e1dra Linux a omezen\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> podporou jader Linux od 4.13 do 5.1.
\nNavr\u017een\u00e1 FS NVFS je v\u00fdrazn\u011b jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e NOVA (4972 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f k\u00f3du oproti 21459), poskytuje n\u00e1stroj fsck, m\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon, podporuje roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 atributy (xattrs), bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed zna\u010dky, ACL a kv\u00f3ty, ale nepodporuje snapshoty. Architektura<\/a><\/noindex> NVFS je bl\u00edzk\u00e1
\nFS Ext4 a dob\u0159e se hod\u00ed do modelu souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na subsyst\u00e9mu VFS, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje minimalizovat po\u010det vrstev a obej\u00edt se modulis, kter\u00fd nevy\u017eaduje \u00fapravy v j\u00e1d\u0159e.<\/p>\n

NVFS pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 j\u00e1drov\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed DAX<\/a><\/noindex> pro p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed trval\u00e9 pam\u011bti mimo str\u00e1nkovou cache. Pro optimalizaci pr\u00e1ce s pam\u011bt\u00ed NVM, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 byte addressing, je obsah \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b zobrazen v line\u00e1rn\u00edm adresn\u00edm prostoru j\u00e1dra bez pou\u017eit\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b blokov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a mezi\u00falo\u017en\u00ed cache. Pro uchov\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 baze z\u00e1kladn\u00edho stromu<\/a><\/noindex> (radix tree), kde bylo ka\u017ed\u00e9 jm\u00e9no souboru hashov\u00e1no a hodnota hashe se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ve stromu.<\/p>\n

Celistvost dat je zaji\u0161t\u011bna mechanismem \u201esoft updates<\/a><\/noindex>\u201c (jak v UFS z FreeBSD a v FFS z OpenBSD) bez pou\u017eit\u00ed \u017eurn\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed. Aby se zabr\u00e1nilo po\u0161kozen\u00ed soubor\u016f v NVFS, jsou operace m\u011bn\u011bn\u00ed dat seskupov\u00e1ny tak, \u017ee hav\u00e1rie nem\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b blok\u016f nebo inode, a celistvost struktur je obnovena pomoc\u00ed utilitky fsck. Utilitka fsck pracuje v multithreadov\u00e9m re\u017eimu a zaji\u0161\u0165uje v\u00fdkon na \u00farovni proch\u00e1zen\u00ed 1,6 milionu inode za sekundu.<\/p>\n

V testech v\u00fdkonu<\/a><\/noindex> NVFS proved to perform the operation of copying the kernel's text tree to NVM memory approximately 10% faster than NOVA, 30% faster than ext4, and 37% faster than XFS. In the data search test, the NVFS file system was 3% faster than NOVA, and 15% faster than ext4 and XFS (but with active disk caching, NOVA was slower by 15%).
\nIn a test of one million directory operations, NVFS outperformed NOVA by 40%, ext4 by 22%, and XFS by 46%. When simulating database activity, the NVFS file system surpassed NOVA by 20%, ext4 by 18 times, and XFS by 5 times. In the fs_mark test, NVFS and NOVA showed comparable results, while ext4 and XFS lagged behind by about 3 times.<\/p>\n

The lag of traditional file systems on NVM memory is due to the fact that they are not designed for byte-addressable operations used in non-volatile memory, which resembles regular RAM. Reading from traditional drives ensures atomicity of operations at the sector read\/write level, while NVM memory provides access at the level of individual machine words. Additionally, traditional file systems try to reduce access intensity to storage, which is treated as inherently slower than RAM, and also try to batch operations to ensure sequential reading when using hard drives, handle request queues, combat fragmentation, and separate execution priorities for different operations. For NVM memory, such complexities are unnecessary, as the data access speed is comparable to RAM, and the order of access does not matter.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041c\u0438\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0448 \u041f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 (Mikuláš Patočka), \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 LVM \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Red Hat, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 NVFS, \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0421 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 (NVM, non-volatile memory, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 NVDIMM), \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u041e\u0417\u0423 \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-94658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Red Hat develops a new NVFS file system, optimized for NVM memory | ProHoster","description":"Mikul\u00e1\u0161 Pato\u010dka, one of the developers of LVM and the author of several inventions related to 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