{"id":95021,"date":"2020-09-24T19:42:23","date_gmt":"2020-09-24T17:42:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ekstrakcziya-dannyh-iz-sap-hcm-v-non-sap-hranilishha-dannyh"},"modified":"2020-09-24T19:42:23","modified_gmt":"2020-09-24T17:42:23","slug":"ekstrakcziya-dannyh-iz-sap-hcm-v-non-sap-hranilishha-dannyh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ekstrakcziya-dannyh-iz-sap-hcm-v-non-sap-hranilishha-dannyh","title":{"rendered":"Extrakce dat ze SAP HCM do non-SAP datov\u00fdch sklad\u016f","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Jak je zn\u00e1mo, spole\u010dnost SAP nab\u00edz\u00ed kompletn\u00ed spektrum softwaru jak pro spr\u00e1vu transak\u010dn\u00edch dat, tak pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto dat v analytick\u00fdch a reportovac\u00edch syst\u00e9mech. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b platforma SAP Business Warehouse (SAP BW) p\u0159edstavuje n\u00e1stroj pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a anal\u00fdzu dat, disponuj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161irok\u00fdmi technick\u00fdmi mo\u017enostmi. I p\u0159es v\u0161echny sv\u00e9 objektivn\u00ed v\u00fdhody m\u00e1 syst\u00e9m SAP BW jednu v\u00fdraznou nev\u00fdhodu. A to jsou vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat, kter\u00e9 jsou obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 patrn\u00e9 p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby SAP BW on Hana. <\/p>\n

A co kdybychom jako \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b za\u010dali pou\u017e\u00edvat n\u011bjak\u00fd non-SAP a ide\u00e1ln\u011b OpenSource produkt? My v X5 Retail Group jsme se rozhodli pro GreenPlum. To samoz\u0159ejm\u011b vy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zku n\u00e1klad\u016f, ale okam\u017eit\u011b se objevuj\u00ed ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 byly p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed SAP BW prakticky defaultn\u011b vy\u0159e\u0161eny.<\/p>\n

\"Extrakce
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nKonkr\u00e9tn\u011b, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem z\u00edsk\u00e1vat data z zdrojov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u011bt\u0161inou \u0159e\u0161en\u00edmi SAP?<\/p>\n

\"HR-metriky\" se stal prvn\u00edm projektem, ve kter\u00e9m bylo nutn\u00e9 tuto problematiku vy\u0159e\u0161it. Na\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem bylo vytvo\u0159en\u00ed \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b HR dat a sestaven\u00ed analytick\u00fdch report\u016f v oblasti pr\u00e1ce se zam\u011bstnanci. Hlavn\u00edm zdrojem dat je p\u0159itom transak\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m SAP HCM, ve kter\u00e9m jsou zaznamen\u00e1ny ve\u0161ker\u00e9 person\u00e1ln\u00ed, organiza\u010dn\u00ed a mzdov\u00e9 aktivity. <\/p>\n

Extrakce dat<\/h3>\n

\nV SAP BW existuj\u00ed standardn\u00ed extraktory dat pro SAP syst\u00e9my. Tyto extraktory mohou automaticky shroma\u017e\u010fovat pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 data, sledovat jejich integritu a definovat delty zm\u011bn. Nap\u0159\u00edklad standardn\u00ed zdroj dat pro atributy zam\u011bstnance 0EMPLOYEE_ATTR:<\/p>\n

\"Extrakce
\n
\nV\u00fdsledek extrakce dat z n\u011bj pro jednoho zam\u011bstnance:<\/p>\n

\"Extrakce
\n
\nV p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt takov\u00fd extraktor modifikov\u00e1n podle vlastn\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f nebo m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vytvo\u0159en vlastn\u00ed extraktor. <\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed my\u0161lenka byla na mo\u017enost jejich op\u011btovn\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Bohu\u017eel se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee to byla nerealizovateln\u00e1 \u00faloha. Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st logiky byla realizov\u00e1na na stran\u011b SAP BW a bezprobl\u00e9mov\u011b odd\u011blit extraktor na zdroji od SAP BW se nepoda\u0159ilo. <\/p>\n

Stalo se z\u0159ejm\u00fdm, \u017ee bude t\u0159eba vyvinout vlastn\u00ed mechanismus pro extrakci dat z SAP syst\u00e9m\u016f. <\/p>\n

Struktura ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat v SAP HCM<\/h3>\n

\nAby porozumie\u0107 si\u0119 z wymaganiami dotycz\u0105cego tego mechanizmu, najpierw musimy okre\u015bli\u0107, jakie dane b\u0119d\u0105 nam potrzebne.<\/p>\n

Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 danych w SAP HCM jest przechowywana w p\u0142askich tabelach SQL. Na podstawie tych danych aplikacje SAP wizualizuj\u0105 struktury organizacyjne, pracownik\u00f3w i inne informacje HR. Na przyk\u0142ad, tak wygl\u0105da struktura organizacyjna w SAP HCM:<\/p>\n

\"Extrakce
\n
\nFizycznie takie drzewo jest przechowywane w dw\u00f3ch tabelach \u2014 w hrp1000 obiekty i w hrp1001 powi\u0105zania mi\u0119dzy tymi obiektami. <\/p>\n

Obiekty \u201eDepartament 1\u201d i \u201eZarz\u0105d 1\u201d:<\/p>\n

\"Extrakce
\n
\nPowi\u0105zanie mi\u0119dzy obiektami:<\/p>\n

\"Extrakce
\n
\nMo\u017ce istnie\u0107 ogromna liczba zar\u00f3wno typ\u00f3w obiekt\u00f3w, jak i typ\u00f3w powi\u0105za\u0144 mi\u0119dzy nimi. Istniej\u0105 standardowe powi\u0105zania mi\u0119dzy obiektami oraz dostosowane do specyficznych potrzeb. Na przyk\u0142ad, standardowe powi\u0105zanie B012 mi\u0119dzy jednostk\u0105 organizacyjn\u0105 a stanowiskiem wskazuje na kierownika dzia\u0142u.<\/p>\n

Wy\u015bwietlanie kierownika w SAP:<\/p>\n

\"Extrakce
\n
\nPrzechowywanie w tabeli bazy danych:<\/p>\n

\"Extrakce
\n
\nDane o pracownikach s\u0105 przechowywane w tabelach pa*. Na przyk\u0142ad, dane o wydarzeniach kadrowych dla pracownika s\u0105 przechowywane w tabeli pa0000.<\/p>\n

\"Extrakce
\n
\nZdecydowali\u015bmy, \u017ce GreenPlum b\u0119dzie pobiera\u0142 \u201esurowe\u201d dane, tzn. po prostu je kopiowa\u0107 z tabel SAP. Nast\u0119pnie w GreenPlum b\u0119d\u0105 one przetwarzane i przekszta\u0142cane w obiekty fizyczne (np. Dzia\u0142 lub Pracownik) oraz metryki (np. \u015brednie zatrudnienie).<\/p>\n

Okre\u015blono oko\u0142o 70 tabel, kt\u00f3rych dane musz\u0105 zosta\u0107 przekazane do GreenPlum. Po tym przyst\u0105pili\u015bmy do opracowania metody przesy\u0142ania tych danych.<\/p>\n

SAP oferuje wiele mechanizm\u00f3w integracji. Jednak najprostszy spos\u00f3b \u2014 bezpo\u015bredni dost\u0119p do bazy danych jest zabroniony z powodu ogranicze\u0144 licencyjnych. W zwi\u0105zku z tym wszystkie strumienie integracyjne musz\u0105 by\u0107 realizowane na poziomie serveru<\/a> aplikacji.
\nKolejnym problemem by\u0142 brak danych o usuni\u0119tych zapisach w bazie danych SAP. Po usuni\u0119ciu wiersza w bazie danych zostaje on usuni\u0119ty fizycznie. Tzn. nie by\u0142o mo\u017cliwo\u015bci utworzenia r\u00f3\u017cnicy zmian w czasie zmian.<\/p>\n

Oczywi\u015bcie, w SAP HCM istniej\u0105 mechanizmy rejestracji zmian danych. Na przyk\u0142ad, aby m\u00f3c je potem przes\u0142a\u0107 do system\u00f3w odbiorc\u00f3w, istniej\u0105 wska\u017aniki zmian (change pointer), kt\u00f3re rejestruj\u0105 wszelkie zmiany i na ich podstawie tworzone s\u0105 Idoc (obiekt do przesy\u0142ania do system\u00f3w zewn\u0119trznych).<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edklad zm\u011bny infotypu 0302 u zam\u011bstnance s eviden\u010dn\u00edm \u010d\u00edslem 1251445:<\/p>\n

\"Extrakce
\n
\nNebo veden\u00ed log\u016f zm\u011bn dat v tabulce DBTABLOG.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edklad logu odstran\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1znamu s kl\u00ed\u010dem QK53216375 z tabulky hrp1000:<\/p>\n

\"Extrakce
\n
\nTyto mechanismy v\u0161ak nejsou dostupn\u00e9 pro v\u0161echna pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 data a jejich zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed na \u00farovni aplika\u010dn\u00edho serveru m\u016f\u017ee spot\u0159ebovat zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed zdroj\u016f. Hromadn\u00e9 zapnut\u00ed logov\u00e1n\u00ed na v\u0161echny nezbytn\u00e9 tabulky m\u016f\u017ee proto v\u00e9st k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonu syst\u00e9mu. <\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem byly klastrov\u00e9 tabulky. Data ohledn\u011b odhadu \u010dasu a v\u00fdpo\u010dtu mezd v RDBMS verzi SAP HCM jsou uchov\u00e1v\u00e1na jako soubor logick\u00fdch tabulek pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho zam\u011bstnance za ka\u017ed\u00e9 vy\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tyto logick\u00e9 tabulky jsou ve form\u011b bin\u00e1rn\u00edch dat uchov\u00e1v\u00e1ny v tabulce pcl2.<\/p>\n

Klastr pro v\u00fdpo\u010det mezd:<\/p>\n

\"Extrakce
\n
\nData z klastrov\u00fdch tabulek nelze \u010d\u00edst pomoc\u00ed SQL p\u0159\u00edkazu, ale je pot\u0159eba pou\u017e\u00edt makro p\u0159\u00edkazy SAP HCM nebo speci\u00e1ln\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00ed moduly. Odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem bude rychlost \u010dten\u00ed t\u011bchto tabulek pom\u011brn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1. Na druhou stranu, v t\u011bchto klastrech jsou uchov\u00e1v\u00e1na data, kter\u00e1 jsou pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 pouze jednou za m\u011bs\u00edc \u2013 kone\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det mezd a odhad \u010dasu. Tak\u017ee rychlost v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nen\u00ed tak kritick\u00e1. <\/p>\n

P\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed s vytvo\u0159en\u00edm delta zm\u011bny dat jsme se rozhodli tak\u00e9 prozkoumat mo\u017enost pln\u00e9ho v\u00fdstupu. Varianta denn\u011b p\u0159ed\u00e1vat gigabajty nem\u011bnn\u00fdch dat mezi syst\u00e9my nen\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b m\u00e1 i \u0159adu v\u00fdhod \u2013 nen\u00ed t\u0159eba realizace delta na stran\u011b zdroje, ani realizace integrace t\u00e9to delty na stran\u011b p\u0159\u00edjemce. T\u00edm se sni\u017euj\u00ed n\u00e1klady a doba realizace a zvy\u0161uje se spolehlivost integrace. Bylo tak\u00e9 ur\u010deno, \u017ee prakticky v\u0161echny zm\u011bny v SAP HR se d\u011bj\u00ed v horizontu t\u0159\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f p\u0159ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm datem. Bylo tedy rozhodnuto zastavit se na denn\u00edm pln\u00e9m v\u00fdstupu dat z SAP HR za N m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f do aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho data a na m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edm pln\u00e9m v\u00fdstupu. Parametr N se li\u0161\u00ed podle konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed tabulky.
\n a pohybuje se od 1 do 15.<\/p>\n

Pro extrakci dat byla navr\u017eena n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed sch\u00e9ma:<\/p>\n

\"Extrakce
\n
\nExtern\u00ed syst\u00e9m vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed dotaz a odes\u00edl\u00e1 ho do SAP HCM, kde je tento dotaz kontrolov\u00e1n na \u00faplnost dat a opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed pro p\u0159\u00edstup k tabulk\u00e1m. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 kontroly v SAP HCM prob\u00edh\u00e1 program, kter\u00fd shroma\u017e\u010fuje pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 data a p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1 je do integra\u010dn\u00edho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed Fuse. Fuse ur\u010duje pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 t\u00e9ma v Kafka a p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1 data tam. N\u00e1sledn\u011b jsou data z Kafka p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1na do Stage Area GP.<\/p>\n

V t\u00e9to \u0159et\u011bzci n\u00e1s zaj\u00edm\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka extrakce dat z SAP HCM. Pod\u00edvejme se na n\u011bj podrobn\u011bji. <\/p>\n

Sch\u00e9ma interakce SAP HCM-FUSE.<\/p>\n

\"Extrakce
\n
\nExtern\u00ed syst\u00e9m ur\u010duje \u010das posledn\u00edho \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho dotazu v SAP.
\nProces m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt spu\u0161t\u011bn podle \u010dasova\u010de nebo jin\u00e9ho ud\u00e1losti, v\u010detn\u011b mo\u017enosti nastaven\u00ed \u010dasov\u00e9ho limitu pro \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed na odpov\u011b\u010f s daty od SAP a iniciaci opakovan\u00e9ho dotazu. N\u00e1sledn\u011b vytvo\u0159\u00ed dotaz delta a ode\u0161le ho do SAP.<\/p>\n

Data dotazu jsou p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1na v t\u011ble ve form\u00e1tu json.
\nMetoda http: POST.
\nP\u0159\u00edklad dotazu:<\/p>\n

\"Extrakce
\n
\nSlu\u017eba SAP prov\u00e1d\u00ed kontrolu dotazu na \u00faplnost, shodu se sou\u010dasnou strukturou SAP a existenci p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9ho opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed k po\u017eadovan\u00e9 tabulce. <\/p>\n

V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b chyb slu\u017eba vrac\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f s odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm k\u00f3dem a popisem. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 kontroly vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pozad\u00ed proces pro formov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011bru, generuje a synchronn\u011b vrac\u00ed unik\u00e1tn\u00ed id relace. <\/p>\n

Extern\u00ed syst\u00e9m v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b chyby registruje tuto chybu do protokolu. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1 id relace a n\u00e1zev tabulky, na kterou byl proveden dotaz.<\/p>\n

Extern\u00ed syst\u00e9m registruje aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed relaci jako otev\u0159enou. Pokud existuj\u00ed jin\u00e9 relace k t\u00e9to tabulce, budou uzav\u0159eny s registrac\u00ed varov\u00e1n\u00ed v protokolu.<\/p>\n

Pozad\u00ed \u00fakolu SAP vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed kurzor podle zadan\u00fdch parametr\u016f a bal\u00edk dat o zadan\u00e9 velikosti. Velikost bal\u00edku \u2013 maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det z\u00e1znam\u016f, kter\u00e9 proces \u010dte z datab\u00e1ze. Standardn\u011b je nastaven na 2000. Pokud je ve v\u00fdb\u011bru datab\u00e1ze v\u00edce z\u00e1znam\u016f, ne\u017e je pou\u017eit\u00e1 velikost bal\u00edku, po p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed prvn\u00edho bal\u00edku se vytvo\u0159\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed blok se spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm offsetem a inkrementovan\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslem bal\u00edku. \u010c\u00edsla jsou inkrementov\u00e1na o 1 a odes\u00edl\u00e1na striktn\u011b sekven\u010dn\u011b. <\/p>\n

D\u00e1le syst\u00e9m SAP p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1 bal\u00ed\u010dek do vstupu webov\u00e9 slu\u017eby extern\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Tento syst\u00e9m prov\u00e1d\u00ed kontroly p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho bal\u00ed\u010dku. V syst\u00e9mu mus\u00ed b\u00fdt registrov\u00e1na relace s p\u0159ijat\u00fdm ID a mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ve stavu otev\u0159eno. Pokud je \u010d\u00edslo bal\u00ed\u010dku > 1, mus\u00ed v syst\u00e9mu b\u00fdt registrov\u00e1no \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159ijet\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00edho bal\u00ed\u010dku (package_id-1).<\/p>\n

V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 kontroly extern\u00ed syst\u00e9m parsuje a ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 data tabulky.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1le, pokud je v bal\u00ed\u010dku p\u0159\u00edtomen p\u0159\u00edznak final a serializace prob\u011bhla \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k upozorn\u011bn\u00ed integra\u010dn\u00edho modulu o \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m dokon\u010den\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed relace a modul aktualizuje stav relace.<\/p>\n

V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b chyby kontrol nebo parsov\u00e1n\u00ed je chyba zaznamen\u00e1na a bal\u00ed\u010dky pro tuto relaci budou zam\u00edtnuty extern\u00edm syst\u00e9mem.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 v opa\u010dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy extern\u00ed syst\u00e9m vr\u00e1t\u00ed chybu, je tato chyba zaznamen\u00e1na a p\u0159enos bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f je zastaven.<\/p>\n

Pro po\u017eadavek na data na stran\u011b SAP HCM byl realizov\u00e1n integra\u010dn\u00ed servis. Servis je realizov\u00e1n na r\u00e1mci ICF (SAP Internet Communication Framework \u2014 help.sap.com\/viewer\/6da7259a6c4b1014b7d5e759cc76fd22\/7.01.22\/en-US\/488d6e0ea6ed72d5e10000000a42189c.html<\/a><\/noindex>). Umo\u017e\u0148uje prov\u00e1d\u011bt po\u017eadavek na data ze syst\u00e9mu SAP HCM podle konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch tabulek. P\u0159i formov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u017eadavku na data je mo\u017en\u00e9 zadat seznam konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch pol\u00ed a parametry filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed s c\u00edlem z\u00edskat po\u017eadovan\u00e1 data. Realizace servisu nenahrazuje \u017e\u00e1dnou obchodn\u00ed logiku. Algoritmy v\u00fdpo\u010dtu delta, parametr\u016f po\u017eadavku, kontroly integrity atd. jsou tak\u00e9 realizov\u00e1ny na stran\u011b extern\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

Tento mechanismus umo\u017e\u0148uje shroma\u017e\u010fovat a p\u0159ed\u00e1vat v\u0161echna pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 data b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika hodin. Tato rychlost je na hranici akceptovatelnosti, proto tuto metodu pova\u017eujeme za do\u010dasn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 umo\u017enilo uzav\u0159\u00edt popt\u00e1vku po n\u00e1stroji pro extrakci v projektu.
\nV c\u00edlov\u00e9m modelu pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u00fakolu extrakce dat se zkoumaj\u00ed mo\u017enosti vyu\u017eit\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f CDC jako Oracle Golden Gate nebo ETL n\u00e1stroj\u016f jako SAP DS.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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