{"id":96089,"date":"2020-10-08T01:42:23","date_gmt":"2020-10-07T23:42:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/gitops-ocherednoj-modnyj-termin-ili-proryv-v-avtomatizaczii"},"modified":"2020-10-08T01:42:23","modified_gmt":"2020-10-07T23:42:23","slug":"gitops-ocherednoj-modnyj-termin-ili-proryv-v-avtomatizaczii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/gitops-ocherednoj-modnyj-termin-ili-proryv-v-avtomatizaczii","title":{"rendered":"GitOps: dal\u0161\u00ed m\u00f3dn\u00ed term\u00edn nebo pr\u016flom v automatizaci?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"GitOps: dal\u0161\u00ed m\u00f3dn\u00ed term\u00edn nebo pr\u016flom v automatizaci?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/e42c60efdb714359314bcb597a7132e4.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina z n\u00e1s, kdy\u017e si v\u0161imne nov\u00e9ho term\u00ednu v IT blogosf\u00e9\u0159e nebo na konferenci, se d\u0159\u00edve \u010di pozd\u011bji pt\u00e1: \u201eCo to je? Dal\u0161\u00ed m\u00f3dn\u00ed slovo, 'buzzword', nebo skute\u010dn\u011b n\u011bco, co stoj\u00ed za pozornost, studium a slibuje nov\u00e9 obzory?\u201c To sam\u00e9 jsem si \u0159\u00edkal i j\u00e1 ohledn\u011b term\u00ednu <em>GitOps<\/em> , kter\u00fd se objevil p\u0159ed n\u011bjak\u00fdm \u010dasem. Vyzbrojen mno\u017estv\u00edm ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f a tak\u00e9 znalost\u00ed koleg\u016f z firmy <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/gitlab\/\">GitLab<\/a><\/noindex>, jsem se pokusil zjistit, co to vlastn\u011b je a jak by jeho aplikace mohla vypadat v praxi.<\/p>\n<p>Mimochodem, o novosti term\u00ednu <em>GitOps<\/em> rovn\u011b\u017e sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed ned\u00e1vn\u00fd pr\u016fzkum, kter\u00fd jsme provedli: v\u00edce ne\u017e polovina dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch s jeho principy je\u0161t\u011b neza\u010dala pracovat.<\/p>\n<p><center><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/embedd.srv.habr.com\/iframe\/5f7c326d51ad1fc9585b089c\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Tak\u017ee probl\u00e9m spr\u00e1vy infrastruktury nen\u00ed nov\u00fd. Mno\u017estv\u00ed cloudov\u00fdch poskytovatel\u016f je ji\u017e dobr\u00fdch deset let dostupn\u00fdch \u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti a zd\u00e1lo by se, \u017ee by m\u011bly usnadnit pr\u00e1ci t\u00fdm\u016fm odpov\u011bdn\u00fdm za infrastrukturu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s procesem v\u00fdvoje aplikac\u00ed (kde \u00farove\u0148 automatizace dosahuje st\u00e1le nov\u00fdch a nov\u00fdch obzor\u016f), infrastrukturn\u00ed projekty st\u00e1le \u010dasto zahrnuj\u00ed mnoho manu\u00e1ln\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f a vy\u017eaduj\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed znalosti a specialisty, zejm\u00e9na s ohledem na modern\u00ed po\u017eadavky na odolnost, flexibilitu, \u0161k\u00e1lovatelnost a elasticitu.<\/p>\n<p>Cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby tyto po\u017eadavky velmi \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b splnily a pr\u00e1v\u011b ony daly v\u00fdznamn\u00fd impuls k rozvoji p\u0159\u00edstupu <em>IaC<\/em>. Nen\u00ed divu. V\u017edy\u0165 pr\u00e1v\u011b ony poskytly mo\u017enost konfigurovat kompletn\u011b virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed datov\u00e9 centrum: \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 fyzick\u00e9 servery, racky, s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 komponenty, celou infrastrukturu je mo\u017en\u00e9 popsat pomoc\u00ed skript\u016f a konfigura\u010dn\u00edch soubor\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Jak\u00fd je tedy vlastn\u011b rozd\u00edl <em>GitOps<\/em> od <em>IaC<\/em>? \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>GitOps<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>IaC<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Cel\u00fd k\u00f3d je ulo\u017een v git repozit\u00e1\u0159i<\/p>\n<p>Verzov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00f3du nen\u00ed povinn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Deklarativn\u00ed popis k\u00f3du \/ Idempotentnost<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159ijateln\u00e9 je jak deklarativn\u00ed, tak imperativn\u00ed popis <\/p>\n<p>Zm\u011bny vstupuj\u00ed v platnost pomoc\u00ed mechanismu Merge Request \/ Pull Request <\/p>\n<p>Schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed, potvrzen\u00ed a spolupr\u00e1ce nejsou povinn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Proces nasazen\u00ed aktualizac\u00ed je automatizov\u00e1n<\/p>\n<p>Proces nasazen\u00ed aktualizac\u00ed nen\u00ed standardizov\u00e1n (automatick\u00fd, ru\u010dn\u00ed, kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed soubor\u016f, pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1dku atd.)<\/p>\n<p>Jin\u00fdmi slovy <em>GitOps<\/em> byl vytvo\u0159en d\u00edky aplikaci princip\u016f <em>IaC<\/em>. Za prv\u00e9, infrastruktura a konfigurace mohly b\u00fdt nyn\u00ed uchov\u00e1v\u00e1ny stejn\u011b jako aplikace. K\u00f3d se snadno ukl\u00e1d\u00e1, sd\u00edl\u00ed, porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 verzovac\u00ed mo\u017enosti. Verze, v\u011btve, historie. A to v\u0161e na ve\u0159ejn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b pro cel\u00fd t\u00fdm. Proto se logick\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem stalo vyu\u017eit\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f pro spr\u00e1vu verz\u00ed. Zejm\u00e9na git jako nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b vznikla mo\u017enost automatizovat procesy spr\u00e1vy infrastruktury. Nyn\u00ed to lze ud\u011blat rychleji, spolehliv\u011bji a levn\u011bji. O to v\u00edc, \u017ee principy CI\/CD u\u017e byly zn\u00e1m\u00e9 a popul\u00e1rn\u00ed mezi v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i softwaru. Bylo pot\u0159eba pouze p\u0159ev\u00e9st a aplikovat ji\u017e zn\u00e1m\u00e9 znalosti a dovednosti do nov\u00e9 oblasti. Tyto praktiky v\u0161ak p\u0159ekra\u010dovaly r\u00e1mec standardn\u00ed definice Infrastruktury jako k\u00f3du, odtud vznikl pojem <em>GitOps<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"GitOps: dal\u0161\u00ed m\u00f3dn\u00ed term\u00edn nebo pr\u016flom v automatizaci?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/aadc2dede7df79dd439ba2cd2b269268.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Zv\u011bdavost <em>GitOps<\/em>, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v tom, \u017ee to nen\u00ed produkt, plugin nebo platforma spojen\u00e1 s jak\u00fdmikoli dodavateli. Je to sp\u00ed\u0161e paradigma a soubor princip\u016f, podobn\u011b jako jin\u00fd zn\u00e1m\u00fd pojem: DevOps.<\/p>\n<p>Ve spole\u010dnosti <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/gitlab\/\">GitLab<\/a><\/noindex> vytvo\u0159ili jsme dv\u011b definice tohoto nov\u00e9ho term\u00ednu: teoretickou a praktickou. Za\u010dn\u011bme teoretickou:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>GitOps \u2014 to je metodologie, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pokro\u010dil\u00e9 principy DevOps pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pro v\u00fdvoj aplikac\u00ed, jako je spr\u00e1va verz\u00ed, spolupr\u00e1ce, sjednocen\u00ed, CI\/CD, a aplikuje je k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u00faloh automatizace spr\u00e1vy infrastruktury.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>V\u0161echny procesy <em>GitOps<\/em> funguj\u00ed s ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edmi n\u00e1stroji. Ve\u0161ker\u00fd k\u00f3d infrastruktury je ulo\u017een ve zn\u00e1m\u00e9m git repozitari, zm\u011bny proch\u00e1zej\u00ed stejn\u00fdm schvalovac\u00edm procesem jako jak\u00fdkoli jin\u00fd programov\u00fd k\u00f3d, a nasazen\u00ed je automatizov\u00e1no, co\u017e minimalizuje chyby lidsk\u00e9ho faktoru, zvy\u0161uje spolehlivost a reprodukovatelnost.<\/p>\n<p>Z praktick\u00e9ho hlediska popisujeme <em>GitOps<\/em> n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"GitOps: dal\u0161\u00ed m\u00f3dn\u00ed term\u00edn nebo pr\u016flom v automatizaci?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/899036066a7c3f48d3b2077b3898c2a8.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Infrastrukturu jako k\u00f3d jsme ji\u017e probrali jako jeden z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch prvk\u016f tohoto vzorce. P\u0159edstavme si ostatn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky.<\/p>\n<p>Merge Request (alternativn\u00ed n\u00e1zev Pull Request). V r\u00e1mci procesu je MR \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o aplikaci zm\u011bn v k\u00f3du a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 slou\u010den\u00ed v\u011btv\u00ed. Z pohledu n\u00e1stroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me \u2014 sp\u00ed\u0161e jde o mo\u017enost z\u00edskat \u00fapln\u00fd obr\u00e1zek v\u0161ech prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch zm\u011bn: nejen code diff shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 z n\u011bkolika commit\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 kontext, v\u00fdsledky test\u016f a o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd kone\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdsledek. Pokud hovo\u0159\u00edme o infrastrukturn\u00edm k\u00f3du, zaj\u00edm\u00e1 n\u00e1s, jak p\u0159esn\u011b se zm\u011bn\u00ed infrastruktura, kolik nov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f bude p\u0159id\u00e1no nebo odstran\u011bno, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b zm\u011bn\u011bno. Ide\u00e1ln\u011b v n\u011bjak\u00e9m pohodln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a l\u00e9pe \u010diteln\u00e9m form\u00e1tu. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b cloudov\u00fdch poskytovatel\u016f by bylo dobr\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, jak\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed d\u016fsledky toto zm\u011bna ponese.<\/p>\n<p>Ale MR je tak\u00e9 prost\u0159edkem spolupr\u00e1ce, interakce a komunikace. To je m\u00edsto, kde vstupuje do hry syst\u00e9m kontrol a rovnov\u00e1hy. Od jednoduch\u00fdch koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f po form\u00e1ln\u00ed schv\u00e1len\u00ed a potvrzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>A posledn\u00ed slo\u017eka: CI\/CD, jak u\u017e v\u00edme, umo\u017e\u0148uje automatizovat proces zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed infrastrukturn\u00edch zm\u011bn, testov\u00e1n\u00ed (od jednoduch\u00e9 kontroly syntaxe po slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed statickou anal\u00fdzu k\u00f3du). Tak\u00e9 p\u0159i n\u00e1sledn\u00e9m odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed driftingu: rozd\u00edl\u016f mezi skute\u010dn\u00fdm a po\u017eadovan\u00fdm stavem syst\u00e9mu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v d\u016fsledku neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdch ru\u010dn\u00edch zm\u011bn \u010di selh\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Ano, term\u00edn <em>GitOps<\/em> nesezn\u00e1m\u00ed n\u00e1s s ni\u010d\u00edm naprosto nov\u00fdm, nevynal\u00e9z\u00e1 kolo, ale pouze aplikuje ji\u017e nabyt\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti v nov\u00e9 oblasti. Ale v tom spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 jeho s\u00edla.<\/p>\n<p>A pokud v\u00e1s zaj\u00edm\u00e1, jak to v\u0161e vypad\u00e1 v praxi, zvu v\u00e1s, abyste se pod\u00edvali na n\u00e1\u0161 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/34tRpwZ\">masterclass<\/a><\/noindex>, kde krok za krokem vysv\u011btluji, jak pomoc\u00ed GitLab:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Implementovat z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy GitOps<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Vytv\u00e1\u0159et a prov\u00e1d\u011bt zm\u011bny v cloudov\u00e9 infrastruktu\u0159e (na p\u0159\u00edkladu Yandex Cloud)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Automatizovat odhalen\u00ed driftingu syst\u00e9mu od po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho stavu pomoc\u00ed aktivn\u00edho monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"GitOps: dal\u0161\u00ed m\u00f3dn\u00ed term\u00edn nebo pr\u016flom v automatizaci?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/7e9b9d0ffab214371578edbb56e209be.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/>https:\/\/bit.ly\/34tRpwZ<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/gitlab\/blog\/522236\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0441, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d \u0432 IT \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c: \u201c\u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e? \u041e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e, \u201cbuzzword\u201d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u044b?\u201d \u0422\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u043e \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0438 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c GitOps \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434. \u0412\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":96090,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-96089","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0441, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044f.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/gitops-ocherednoj-modnyj-termin-ili-proryv-v-avtomatizaczii\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47GitOps: \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0432 \u0432 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438? 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