{"id":96141,"date":"2020-10-08T19:42:37","date_gmt":"2020-10-08T17:42:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/promyshlennye-tendenczii-v-oblasti-massovyh-sistem-hraneniya-dannyh"},"modified":"2020-10-08T19:42:37","modified_gmt":"2020-10-08T17:42:37","slug":"promyshlennye-tendenczii-v-oblasti-massovyh-sistem-hraneniya-dannyh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/promyshlennye-tendenczii-v-oblasti-massovyh-sistem-hraneniya-dannyh","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 trendy v oblasti masov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Dnes si pov\u00edme, jak nejl\u00e9pe uchov\u00e1vat data ve sv\u011bt\u011b, kde p\u00e1t\u00e1 generace s\u00edt\u00ed, genomov\u00e9 skenery a bezpilotn\u00ed vozidla generuj\u00ed za den v\u00edce dat, ne\u017e lidstvo vytvo\u0159ilo od pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluce.<\/p>\n

\"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

N\u00e1\u0161 sv\u011bt generuje \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edce informac\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich jsou jen pom\u00edjiv\u00e9 a ztr\u00e1c\u00ed se tak rychle, jak se shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed. Jin\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt uchov\u00e1v\u00e1ny d\u00e9le a n\u011bkter\u00e9 jsou ur\u010deny dokonce na \"v\u011bky\" \u2013 minim\u00e1ln\u011b, tak to vid\u00edme z dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu. Informa\u010dn\u00ed toky se usazuj\u00ed v datov\u00fdch centrech takovou rychlost\u00ed, \u017ee jak\u00fdkoli nov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup nebo technologie, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed uspokojit tento nekone\u010dn\u00fd \"dopyt\", rychle zastar\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9
\n<\/p>\n

40 let v\u00fdvoje distribuovan\u00fdch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165<\/h2>\n

\nPrvn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b v podob\u011b, kterou zn\u00e1me dnes, se objevila v 80. letech. Mnoz\u00ed z v\u00e1s se setkali s NFS (Network File System), AFS (Andrew File System) nebo Coda. Po deseti letech se m\u00f3da a technologie zm\u011bnily a distribuovan\u00e9 souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my ustoupily klastrov\u00fdm \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u00edm zalo\u017een\u00fdm na GPFS (General Parallel File System), CFS (Clustered File Systems) a StorNext. Jako z\u00e1klad byla pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na blokov\u00e1 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b klasick\u00e9 architektury, nad nimi\u017e byl pomoc\u00ed softwarov\u00e9ho vrstvy vytv\u00e1\u0159en jednotn\u00fd souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Tato a podobn\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed se st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, zab\u00edraj\u00ed svou niku a jsou velmi \u017e\u00e1dan\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Na p\u0159elomu tis\u00edcilet\u00ed se paradigma distribuovan\u00fdch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 pon\u011bkud zm\u011bnilo a na vedouc\u00ed pozice se dostaly syst\u00e9my s architekturou SN (Shared-Nothing). Do\u0161lo k p\u0159echodu od klastrov\u00e9ho ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed k ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed na jednotliv\u00fdch uzlech, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e tyto uzly p\u0159edstavovaly obvykle klasick\u00e9 servery s poskytovan\u00fdm spolehliv\u00fdm ukl\u00e1dac\u00edm softwarem; na t\u011bchto principech byly postaveny nap\u0159\u00edklad HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System) a GFS (Global File System).<\/p>\n

Kolem roku 2010 se koncepty, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159ily z\u00e1klad distribuovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edce za\u010daly odr\u00e1\u017eet v plnohodnotn\u00fdch komer\u010dn\u00edch produktech, jako jsou VMware vSAN, Dell EMC Isilon a na\u0161e Huawei OceanStor<\/a><\/noindex>. Za zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdmi platformami u\u017e nestoj\u00ed jen komunita nad\u0161enc\u016f, ale konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed prodejci, kte\u0159\u00ed zodpov\u00eddaj\u00ed za funk\u010dnost, podporu, servisn\u00ed \u00fadr\u017ebu produktu a zaru\u010duj\u00ed jeho dal\u0161\u00edmu v\u00fdvoji. Tato \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed jsou nej\u017e\u00e1dan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v n\u011bkolika oblastech.<\/p>\n

\"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9
\n<\/p>\n

Telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed oper\u00e1to\u0159i<\/h2>\n

\nJedn\u00edm z nejstar\u0161\u00edch spot\u0159ebitel\u016f distribuovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat jsou oper\u00e1to\u0159i telekomunikac\u00ed. Na sch\u00e9matu je vid\u011bt, jak\u00e9 skupiny aplikac\u00ed generuj\u00ed hlavn\u00ed objem dat. OSS (syst\u00e9my podporuj\u00edc\u00ed provoz), MSS (syst\u00e9my podporuj\u00edc\u00ed management) a BSS (syst\u00e9my podporuj\u00edc\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed) p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed t\u0159i vz\u00e1jemn\u011b dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed se softwarov\u00e9 vrstvy pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eby z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm, finan\u010dn\u00edmu reportingu poskytovateli a provozn\u00ed podpo\u0159e technik\u016fm oper\u00e1tora.<\/p>\n

\u010casto jsou data t\u011bchto vrstev siln\u011b prom\u00edch\u00e1na, a aby se zabr\u00e1nilo akumulaci ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch kopi\u00ed, slou\u017e\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b distribuovan\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b, kter\u00e1 akumuluj\u00ed cel\u00fd objem informac\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch z funguj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. \u00dalo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b se spojuj\u00ed do spole\u010dn\u00e9ho poolu, na kter\u00fd se odkazuj\u00ed v\u0161echny slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n

Na\u0161e kalkulace ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159echod od klasick\u00fdch SDD k blokov\u00fdm umo\u017e\u0148uje u\u0161et\u0159it a\u017e 70 % rozpo\u010dtu pouze t\u00edm, \u017ee se vzd\u00e1me dedikovan\u00fdch SDD t\u0159\u00eddy hi-end a pou\u017eijeme b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 servery klasick\u00e9 architektury (obvykle x86), kter\u00e9 pracuj\u00ed v kombinaci se specializovan\u00fdm softwarem. Mobiln\u00ed oper\u00e1to\u0159i ji\u017e del\u0161\u00ed dobu za\u010dali nakupovat podobn\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ve zna\u010dn\u00fdch objemech. Zejm\u00e9na rusk\u00e9 oper\u00e1tory pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 produkty od spole\u010dnosti Huawei d\u00e9le ne\u017e \u0161est let.<\/p>\n

Ano, n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u00fakoly pomoc\u00ed distribuovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f nelze splnit. Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch po\u017eadavc\u00edch na v\u00fdkon nebo kompatibilitu se star\u00fdmi protokoly. Ale minim\u00e1ln\u011b 70 % dat, kter\u00e1 oper\u00e1tor zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1, lze ur\u010dit\u011b um\u00edstit do distribuovan\u00e9ho poolu.<\/p>\n

\"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9
\n<\/p>\n

Bankovn\u00ed sf\u00e9ra<\/h2>\n

\nV ka\u017ed\u00e9 bance koexistuje \u0159ada r\u016fznorod\u00fdch IT syst\u00e9m\u016f, po\u010d\u00ednaje procesingem a kon\u010de automatizovan\u00fdm bankovn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem. Tato infrastruktura tak\u00e9 pracuje s obrovsk\u00fdm objemem informac\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina \u00fakol\u016f nevy\u017eaduje zv\u00fd\u0161enou v\u00fdkonnost a spolehlivost ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdvoj, testov\u00e1n\u00ed, automatizace kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch proces\u016f atd. Pou\u017eit\u00ed klasick\u00fdch SDD je zde mo\u017en\u00e9, ale s ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokem je to st\u00e1le m\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdhodn\u00e9. Nav\u00edc v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b chyb\u00ed flexibilita p\u0159i vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed prost\u0159edk\u016f SDD, jejich\u017e v\u00fdkonnost je vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1na z maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed distribuovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt jejich uzly, kter\u00e9 jsou ve skute\u010dnosti b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi servery, kdykoli p\u0159evedeny na serverovou farmu a pou\u017eity jako v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed platforma.<\/p>\n

\"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9
\n<\/p>\n

Datov\u00e1 jezera<\/h2>\n

\nNa v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9m schematu je uveden seznam typick\u00fdch spot\u0159ebitel\u016f slu\u017eeb data lake<\/a><\/noindex>. Mohou to b\u00fdt slu\u017eby elektronick\u00e9ho vl\u00e1dnut\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad \u201eSt\u00e1tn\u00ed slu\u017eby\u201c), kter\u00e9 pro\u0161ly digitalizac\u00ed podniku, finan\u010dn\u00ed struktury a dal\u0161\u00ed. V\u0161em jim je t\u0159eba pracovat s velk\u00fdmi objemy r\u016fznorod\u00fdch informac\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Provoz klasick\u00fdch SDD pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u011bchto \u00fakol\u016f nen\u00ed efektivn\u00ed, proto\u017ee je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed jak vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k blokov\u00fdm datab\u00e1z\u00edm, tak b\u011b\u017en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k knihovn\u00e1m skenovan\u00fdch dokument\u016f ulo\u017een\u00fdch jako objekty. Sem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 p\u0159idru\u017eena nap\u0159\u00edklad objedn\u00e1vkov\u00e1 syst\u00e9m p\u0159es webov\u00fd port\u00e1l. Aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u0161e toto realizovat na platform\u011b klasick\u00fdch SDD, bude zapot\u0159eb\u00ed velk\u00e1 skupina za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fakoly. Jedna horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b m\u016f\u017ee pln\u011b pokr\u00fdt v\u0161echny p\u0159edt\u00edm uveden\u00e9 \u00fakoly: je t\u0159eba pouze vytvo\u0159it v n\u00ed n\u011bkolik pool\u016f s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi charakteristikami ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9
\n<\/p>\n

Gener\u00e1tory nov\u00e9 informace<\/h2>\n

\nMno\u017estv\u00ed informac\u00ed ulo\u017een\u00fdch ve sv\u011bt\u011b roste p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 30 % ro\u010dn\u011b. To jsou dobr\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy pro poskytovatele syst\u00e9m\u016f ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, ale co je a bude hlavn\u00edm zdrojem t\u011bchto dat?<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed deseti lety se takov\u00fdmi gener\u00e1tory staly soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, co\u017e vy\u017eadovalo vznik velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed nov\u00fdch algoritm\u016f, hardwarov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed atd. V sou\u010dasnosti jsou vyzdvihov\u00e1ny t\u0159i hlavn\u00ed motor r\u016fstu objemu ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. Prvn\u00edm je cloud computing. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 70 % firem jak\u00fdmkoli zp\u016fsobem vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby. M\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt elektronick\u00e1 po\u0161ta, z\u00e1lohy a dal\u0161\u00ed virtualizovan\u00e9 entity.
\nDruh\u00fdm motorem se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b p\u00e1t\u00e9 generace. To jsou nov\u00e9 rychlosti a nov\u00e9 objemy p\u0159enosu dat. Podle na\u0161ich p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed 5G povede k poklesu popt\u00e1vky po pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch kart\u00e1ch. A\u0165 u\u017e je v telefonu jak\u00e1koliv pam\u011b\u0165, stejn\u011b se zapln\u00ed, a p\u0159i existenci 100megabitov\u00e9ho kan\u00e1lu nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 pot\u0159eba uchov\u00e1vat fotografie lok\u00e1ln\u011b.<\/p>\n

Mezi t\u0159et\u00ed skupiny d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d roste popt\u00e1vka po \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u00edch, pat\u0159\u00ed rychl\u00fd rozvoj um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, p\u0159echod na anal\u00fdzu velk\u00fdch dat a trend k celkov\u00e9 automatizaci v\u0161eho, co je v\u016fbec mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ednost\u00ed \"nov\u00e9ho provozu\" je jeho strukturovanost<\/a><\/noindex>. Mus\u00edme tato data uchov\u00e1vat, ani\u017e bychom ur\u010dovali jejich form\u00e1t. Ten je pot\u0159ebn\u00fd pouze p\u0159i n\u00e1sledn\u00e9m \u010dten\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad bankovn\u00ed scoring syst\u00e9m ur\u010duje dostupnou v\u00fd\u0161i \u00fav\u011bru t\u00edm, \u017ee zkoum\u00e1 fotografie, kter\u00e9 jste zve\u0159ejnili na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, ur\u010duje, jak \u010dasto nav\u0161t\u011bvujete mo\u0159e a restaurace, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zkoum\u00e1 dostupn\u00e9 bankovn\u00ed v\u00fdpisy va\u0161ich l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch dokument\u016f. Tato data jsou na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b v\u0161evypov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed, a na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b zbaven\u00e1 homogenity.<\/p>\n

\"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9
\n<\/p>\n

Oce\u00e1n nestrukturovan\u00fdch dat<\/h2>\n

\nJak\u00e9 probl\u00e9my p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed vznik \"nov\u00fdch dat\"? Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mezi nimi je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b objem informac\u00ed a v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00e9 doby jejich uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Modern\u00ed autonomn\u00ed auto bez \u0159idi\u010de generuje ka\u017ed\u00fd den a\u017e 60 TB dat z v\u0161ech sv\u00fdch senzor\u016f a mechanism\u016f. Pro v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch algoritm\u016f j\u00edzdy je t\u0159eba tuto informaci zpracovat ve stejn\u00fd den, jinak se za\u010dne hromadit. Mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159itom uchov\u00e1v\u00e1na velmi dlouho \u2014 des\u00edtky let. Pouze potom m\u016f\u017eeme v budoucnosti vyvodit z\u00e1v\u011bry na z\u00e1klad\u011b velk\u00fdch analytick\u00fdch vzork\u016f.<\/p>\n

Jedno za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed genetick\u00fdch sekvenc\u00ed produkuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 6 TB denn\u011b. A data z\u00edskan\u00e1 t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem v\u016fbec neimplikuj\u00ed odstran\u011bn\u00ed, tedy hypoteticky by m\u011bla b\u00fdt uchov\u00e1v\u00e1na nav\u017edy.<\/p>\n

Nakonec, st\u00e1le stejn\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b p\u00e1t\u00e9 generace. Krom\u011b \u00fadaj\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1ny, takov\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 sama o sob\u011b generuje obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed dat: protokoly \u010dinnost\u00ed, z\u00e1znamy hovor\u016f, meziv\u00fdsledky mezi strojov\u00fdmi interakcemi atd. <\/p>\n

To v\u0161e vy\u017eaduje v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f a algoritm\u016f pro uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed. A takov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy se objevuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9
\n<\/p>\n

Technologie nov\u00e9 \u00e9ry<\/h2>\n

\nLze vy\u010dlenit t\u0159i skupiny \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed \u010delit nov\u00fdm po\u017eadavk\u016fm na informa\u010dn\u00ed \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b: implementace um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, technick\u00e1 evoluce nosi\u010d\u016f dat a inovace v oblasti syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 architektury. Za\u010dn\u011bme s AI.<\/p>\n

\"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9
\n
\nV nov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00edch Huawei se um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence u\u017e pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 na \u00farovni samotn\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b, kter\u00e9 je vybaveno procesorem AI, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm syst\u00e9mu analyzovat sv\u016fj stav a p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt selh\u00e1n\u00ed. Pokud je \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ipojeno ke slu\u017eb\u011b cloudov\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 zna\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed schopnosti, um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence m\u016f\u017ee zpracov\u00e1vat v\u00edce informac\u00ed a zv\u00fd\u0161it p\u0159esnost sv\u00fdch hypot\u00e9z.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b selh\u00e1n\u00ed um\u00ed tato AI tak\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u00eddat budouc\u00ed \u0161pi\u010dkovou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e a \u010das zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed do vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed kapacity. To umo\u017e\u0148uje optimalizovat v\u00fdkon a \u0161k\u00e1lovat syst\u00e9m je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e dojde k jak\u00fdmkoli ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm ud\u00e1lostem.<\/p>\n

\"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9
\n
\nNyn\u00ed k evoluci datov\u00fdch nosi\u010d\u016f. Prvn\u00ed flash disky byly vyrobeny na technologii SLC (Single-Level Cell). Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na t\u00e9to b\u00e1zi byla rychl\u00e1, spolehliv\u00e1, stabiln\u00ed, ale m\u011bla malou kapacitu a byla velmi drah\u00e1. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed objemu a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed ceny se poda\u0159ilo dos\u00e1hnout d\u00edky ur\u010dit\u00fdm technick\u00fdm \u00fastupk\u016fm, co\u017e vedlo ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rychlosti, spolehlivosti a \u017eivotnosti nosi\u010d\u016f. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b trend nem\u011bl vliv na samotn\u00e1 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b, kter\u00e1 d\u00edky r\u016fzn\u00fdm architektonick\u00fdm \u00faprav\u00e1m v z\u00e1sad\u011b zlep\u0161ila v\u00fdkon a spolehlivost.<\/p>\n

Ale pro\u010d byly pot\u0159eba \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b t\u0159\u00eddy All-Flash? Nebylo by dostatek prost\u011b vym\u011bnit star\u00e9 HDD za nov\u00e9 SSD stejn\u00e9ho form\u00e1tu v ji\u017e provozovan\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu? Bylo to pot\u0159eba pro efektivn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed v\u0161ech zdroj\u016f nov\u00fdch pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f, co\u017e ve star\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech nebylo jednodu\u0161e mo\u017en\u00e9. <\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnost Huawei nap\u0159\u00edklad pro vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed tohoto \u00fakolu vyvinula \u0159adu technologi\u00ed, z nich\u017e jedna je FlashLink<\/a><\/noindex>, kter\u00e1 umo\u017enila maxim\u00e1ln\u011b optimalizovat interakci \"disk - \u0159adi\u010d\". <\/p>\n

Inteligentn\u00ed identifikace umo\u017enila rozd\u011blit data na n\u011bkolik tok\u016f a vyrovnat se s \u0159adou ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch jev\u016f, jako je WA<\/a><\/noindex> (write amplification). Spolu s t\u00edm nov\u00e9 algoritmy obnovy, zejm\u00e9na RAID 2.0+<\/a><\/noindex>, zv\u00fd\u0161ily rychlost rebuildingu a zkr\u00e1tily jeho \u010das na zcela zanedbateln\u00e9 hodnoty.<\/p>\n

Selh\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00ed, \"shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed odpadu\" \u2014 tyto faktory ji\u017e tak\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed vliv na v\u00fdkon \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b d\u00edky speci\u00e1ln\u00edmu vylep\u0161en\u00ed \u0159adi\u010d\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9
\n
\nA tak\u00e9 blokov\u00e1 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b dat se chystaj\u00ed na p\u0159ijet\u00ed NVMe<\/a><\/noindex>. P\u0159ipome\u0148me, \u017ee klasick\u00e1 sch\u00e9ma organizace p\u0159\u00edstupu k dat\u016fm fungovala takto: procesor se obracel na RAID kontroler p\u0159es sb\u011brnici PCI Express. Ten zase interagoval s mechanick\u00fdmi disky p\u0159es SCSI nebo SAS. Pou\u017eit\u00ed NVMe v backendu v\u00fdrazn\u011b zrychlilo cel\u00fd proces, av\u0161ak neslo v sob\u011b jednu nev\u00fdhodu: \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b musela m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k procesoru, aby mu zajistila p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup do pam\u011bti.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00fdvoje technologie, kterou nyn\u00ed sledujeme, je aplikace NVMe-oF (NVMe over Fabrics). Co se t\u00fd\u010de blokov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed Huawei, ty ji\u017e nyn\u00ed podporuj\u00ed FC-NVMe (NVMe over Fibre Channel) a chyst\u00e1 se NVMe over RoCE (RDMA over Converged Ethernet). Testovac\u00ed modely jsou pln\u011b funk\u010dn\u00ed, do jejich ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed prezentace zb\u00fdv\u00e1 n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. Upozor\u0148ujeme, \u017ee to v\u0161e se objev\u00ed i v distribuovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech, kde bude \"Ethernet bez ztr\u00e1t\" velmi \u017e\u00e1dan\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9
\n
\nDal\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem optimalizace pr\u00e1ce pr\u00e1v\u011b distribuovan\u00fdch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 je \u00fapln\u00fd odstup od zrcadlen\u00ed dat. \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed Huawei ji\u017e v\u00edce nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed n kopi\u00ed, jak je obvykl\u00e9 v RAID 1, a pln\u011b p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed na mechanismus EC<\/a><\/noindex> (Erasure coding). Specializovan\u00fd matematick\u00fd bal\u00edk s ur\u010ditou periodicitou vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 kontroln\u00ed bloky, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed obnovit mezilehl\u00e1 data v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jejich ztr\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n

Mechanismy deduplikace a komprese se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed povinn\u00fdmi. Pokud jsme v klasick\u00fdch SANS omezeni po\u010dtem procesor\u016f nainstalovan\u00fdch v kontrolerech, pak v distribuovan\u00fdch horizont\u00e1ln\u011b \u0161k\u00e1lovateln\u00fdch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u00edch ka\u017ed\u00fd uzel obsahuje v\u0161e pot\u0159ebn\u00e9: disky, pam\u011b\u0165, procesory a interkonnect. T\u011bchto zdroj\u016f je dostatek, aby deduplikace a komprese m\u011bly na v\u00fdkon minim\u00e1ln\u00ed vliv.<\/p>\n

A tak\u00e9 o hardwarov\u00fdch metod\u00e1ch optimalizace. Zde se poda\u0159ilo sn\u00ed\u017eit z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e na centr\u00e1ln\u00ed procesory pomoc\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch specializovan\u00fdch \u010dip\u016f (nebo specializovan\u00fdch blok\u016f v samotn\u00e9m procesoru), kter\u00e9 hraj\u00ed roli TOE<\/a><\/noindex> (TCP\/IP Offload Engine) nebo p\u0159eb\u00edraj\u00ed matematick\u00e9 \u00fakoly EC, deduplikace a komprese.<\/p>\n

\"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9
\n
\nNov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy k ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat se projevuj\u00ed v dekomponovan\u00e9 (distribuovan\u00e9) architektu\u0159e. V syst\u00e9mech centralizovan\u00e9ho ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed je k dispozici tov\u00e1rna na servery, kter\u00e1 je p\u0159ipojena p\u0159es Fibre Channel k SAN<\/a><\/noindex> s velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm pol\u00ed. Mezi nev\u00fdhody tohoto p\u0159\u00edstupu pat\u0159\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017ee s \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00edm a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm garantovan\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b slu\u017eeb (ohledn\u011b v\u00fdkonu nebo latence). Hyperkonvergovan\u00e9 syst\u00e9my vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed stejn\u00e9 hostitele \u2014 jak pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, tak pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed. To d\u00e1v\u00e1 prakticky neomezen\u00e9 mo\u017enosti \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale s sebou nese vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na udr\u017een\u00ed integrity dat.<\/p>\n

Na rozd\u00edl od obou v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch, dekomponovan\u00e1 architektura p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 rozd\u011blen\u00ed syst\u00e9mu na v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed tov\u00e1rnu a horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00falo\u017en\u00fd syst\u00e9m.<\/b>To zaji\u0161\u0165uje v\u00fdhody obou architektur a umo\u017e\u0148uje prakticky neomezen\u011b \u0161k\u00e1lovat pouze tu komponentu, jej\u00ed\u017e v\u00fdkon je nedostate\u010dn\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9
\n<\/p>\n

Od integrace k konvergenci<\/h2>\n

\nKlasick\u00fdm \u00fakolem, jeho\u017e v\u00fdznam v posledn\u00edch 15 letech pouze rostl, je pot\u0159eba z\u00e1rove\u0148 zajistit blokov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b, p\u0159\u00edstup k soubor\u016fm, p\u0159\u00edstup k objekt\u016fm, provoz farmy pro velk\u00e1 data atd. T\u0159e\u0161ni\u010dkou na dortu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nap\u0159\u00edklad je\u0161t\u011b syst\u00e9m z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed na magnetickou p\u00e1sku.<\/p>\n

V prvn\u00edm kroku se poda\u0159ilo unifikovat pouze spr\u00e1vu t\u011bchto slu\u017eeb. R\u016fzn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat byly uzav\u0159eny do jak\u00e9hokoli specializovan\u00e9ho softwaru, pomoc\u00ed n\u011bho\u017e administr\u00e1tor rozd\u011bloval zdroje z dostupn\u00fdch pool\u016f. Av\u0161ak vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee hardware t\u011bchto pool\u016f byl odli\u0161n\u00fd, migrace z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee mezi nimi byla nemo\u017en\u00e1. Na vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni integrace se sjednocen\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011blo na \u00farovni br\u00e1ny. P\u0159i existenci spole\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu k soubor\u016fm bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 je poskytovat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch protokol\u016f.<\/p>\n

Nejsofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z dostupn\u00fdch metod konvergence, kterou nyn\u00ed m\u00e1me, p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 vytvo\u0159en\u00ed univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed hybridn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. P\u0159esn\u011b takov\u00fd, jak\u00fdm by se m\u011bla st\u00e1t na\u0161e OceanStor 100D<\/a><\/noindex>. Univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 stejn\u00e9 hardwarov\u00e9 zdroje, kter\u00e9 jsou logicky rozd\u011bleny do r\u016fzn\u00fdch skupin, av\u0161ak umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed migraci z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee. To v\u0161e lze prov\u00e1d\u011bt prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jedin\u00e9 \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed konzole. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem se n\u00e1m poda\u0159ilo realizovat koncept \u201ejedno datov\u00e9 centrum \u2014 jedno \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b\u201c.<\/p>\n

\"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9
\n
\nN\u00e1klady na ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed dnes ur\u010duj\u00ed mnoho architektonick\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. A i kdy\u017e je lze bez obav postavit do centra, dnes diskutujeme o \u201e\u017eiv\u00e9m\u201c ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s aktivn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupem, tak\u017ee je t\u0159eba tak\u00e9 zohlednit v\u00fdkonnost. Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm atributem distribuovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f nov\u00e9 generace je unifikace. V\u017edy\u0165 nikdo nechce m\u00edt n\u011bkolik odd\u011blen\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch z r\u016fzn\u00fdch konzol\u00ed. V\u0161echny tyto vlastnosti na\u0161ly sv\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v nov\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b produkt\u016f Huawei. OceanStor Pacific<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 generace masov\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b<\/h2>\n

\nOceanStor Pacific vyhovuje po\u017eadavk\u016fm na spolehlivost na \u00farovni \u201e\u0161esti dev\u00edtek\u201c (99,9999 %) a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed datov\u00fdch center t\u0159\u00eddy HyperMetro. P\u0159i vzd\u00e1lenosti mezi dv\u011bma datov\u00fdmi centry do 100 km syst\u00e9my vykazuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00eddavnou latenci na \u00farovni 2 ms, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed jak\u00fdchkoli katastroficky odoln\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch s quorum servery.<\/p>\n

\"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9
\n
\nProdukty nov\u00e9 \u0159ady vykazuj\u00ed univerz\u00e1lnost podle protokol\u016f. Ji\u017e nyn\u00ed OceanStor 100D podporuje blokov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup, objektov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup a p\u0159\u00edstup Hadoop. V bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti bude zaveden tak\u00e9 souborov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup. Nen\u00ed t\u0159eba uchov\u00e1vat n\u011bkolik kopi\u00ed dat, pokud je lze dod\u00e1vat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch protokol\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9
\n
\nMohlo by se zd\u00e1t, jak\u00fd vztah m\u00e1 koncept \u201es\u00ed\u0165 bez ztr\u00e1t\u201c k \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti? Skute\u010dnost je takov\u00e1, \u017ee distribuovan\u00e9 syst\u00e9my ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat jsou postaveny na z\u00e1klad\u011b rychl\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e1 podporuje odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed algoritmy a mechanismus RoCE. Dal\u0161\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed rychlosti s\u00edt\u011b a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed latenc\u00ed podporuje syst\u00e9m um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, kter\u00fd na\u0161e switche podporuj\u00ed. AI Fabric<\/a><\/noindex>. Zisk v\u00fdkonnosti \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b p\u0159i aktivaci AI Fabric m\u016f\u017ee dosahovat a\u017e 20 %.<\/p>\n

\"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9
\n
\nCo tedy p\u0159edstavuje nov\u00fd uzel distribuovan\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b OceanStor Pacific? \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed form\u00e1tu 5U zahrnuje 120 disk\u016f a m\u016f\u017ee nahradit t\u0159i klasick\u00e9 uzly, co\u017e p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e dvojn\u00e1sobnou \u00fasporu m\u00edsta v racku. D\u00edky zru\u0161en\u00ed uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed kopi\u00ed se \u00fa\u010dinnost disku znateln\u011b zvy\u0161uje (a\u017e o +92 %).<\/p>\n

Jsme zvykl\u00ed si myslet, \u017ee softwarov\u011b definovan\u00e1 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b - to je speci\u00e1ln\u00ed software, kter\u00fd je nainstalov\u00e1n na klasick\u00e9m serveru. Nyn\u00ed v\u0161ak pro optim\u00e1ln\u00ed parametry toto architektonick\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed vy\u017eaduje tak\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed uzly. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jsou dva servery zalo\u017een\u00e9 na procesorech ARM, kter\u00e9 \u0159\u00edd\u00ed pole t\u0159\u00edpalcov\u00fdch disk\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9
\n
\nTyto servery jsou m\u00e1lo vhodn\u00e9 pro hyperkonvergovan\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Zaprv\u00e9, aplikac\u00ed pro ARM je dosti m\u00e1lo, a zadruh\u00e9, je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 zachovat vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee. Navrhujeme p\u0159ej\u00edt k odd\u011blen\u00e9mu ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed: v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed klastr, reprezentovan\u00fd klasick\u00fdmi nebo rackov\u00fdmi servery, funguje samostatn\u011b, ale je p\u0159ipojen k \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u00edm OceanStor Pacific, kter\u00e1 tak\u00e9 pln\u00ed sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 \u00fakoly. A to se osv\u011bd\u010duje.<\/p>\n

Pro p\u0159\u00edklad vezm\u011bme klasick\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00fdch dat s hyperkonvergovan\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem, kter\u00fd zab\u00edr\u00e1 15 serverov\u00fdch stojan\u016f. Pokud rozd\u011bl\u00edme z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e mezi jednotliv\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed servery a \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b OceanStor Pacific, odd\u011bl\u00edme je od sebe, mno\u017estv\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch stojan\u016f se sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na polovinu! To sni\u017euje n\u00e1klady na provoz datov\u00e9ho centra a zmen\u0161uje celkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na vlastnictv\u00ed. Ve sv\u011bt\u011b, kde objem ukl\u00e1dan\u00fdch informac\u00ed roste o 30 % ro\u010dn\u011b, se podobn\u00fdmi v\u00fdhodami nepl\u00fdtv\u00e1.<\/p>\n

***<\/h2>\n

\nV\u00edce informac\u00ed o \u0159e\u0161en\u00edch Huawei a sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u00edch jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1te na na\u0161em webu<\/a><\/noindex> nebo kontaktov\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159\u00edmo z\u00e1stupc\u016f spole\u010dnosti.
\n
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