{"id":97071,"date":"2020-10-16T02:42:16","date_gmt":"2020-10-16T00:42:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/krupnejshaya-svobodnaya-elektronnaya-biblioteka-vyhodit-v-mezhplanetnoe-prostranstvo"},"modified":"2020-10-16T02:42:16","modified_gmt":"2020-10-16T00:42:16","slug":"krupnejshaya-svobodnaya-elektronnaya-biblioteka-vyhodit-v-mezhplanetnoe-prostranstvo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/krupnejshaya-svobodnaya-elektronnaya-biblioteka-vyhodit-v-mezhplanetnoe-prostranstvo","title":{"rendered":"Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed voln\u00e1 elektronick\u00e1 knihovna vstupuje do meziplanet\u00e1rn\u00edho prostoru","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed<\/p>\n

Library Genesis \u2014 skute\u010dn\u00fd klenot internetu. Online knihovna, kter\u00e1 poskytuje voln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k v\u00edce ne\u017e 2,7 milionu knih, ud\u011blala tento t\u00fdden o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd krok. Jedno z webov\u00fdch zrcadel knihovny nyn\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje stahovat soubory prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm IPFS \u2014 distribuovan\u00e9ho souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

Tedy kolekce knih Library Genesis byla nahr\u00e1na do IPFS, zabezpe\u010dena a propojena s vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nyn\u00ed je o n\u011bco t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed zbavit lidi p\u0159\u00edstupu k na\u0161emu spole\u010dn\u00e9mu kulturn\u00edmu a v\u011bdeck\u00e9mu d\u011bdictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

O LibGen<\/h2>\n

Na po\u010d\u00e1tku nult\u00fdch let, v dosud nezregulovan\u00e9m internetu, le\u017eelo des\u00edtky sb\u00edrek v\u011bdeck\u00fdch knih. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kolekce, na kter\u00e9 si vzpom\u00edn\u00e1m \u2014 KoLXo3, mehmat a mirknig \u2014 obsahovaly k roku 2007 des\u00edtky tis\u00edc u\u010debnic, publikac\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch djvu a pdf pro studenty.<\/p>\n

Jako u v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch souborov\u00fdch skl\u00e1dek, i tyto kolekce trp\u011bly obecn\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my s navigac\u00ed. Knihovna Kolchoz, nap\u0159\u00edklad, m\u011bla v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 DVD disk\u016f. Nejdostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st knihovny b\u00fdvala p\u0159enesena do sd\u00edlen\u00e9ho prostoru na koleji, a pokud jsi pot\u0159eboval n\u011bco vz\u00e1cn\u00e9ho, dostal jsi se do pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed! Minim\u00e1ln\u011b t\u011b \u010dekala l\u00e1hev piva pro majitele disk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, kolekce m\u011bly st\u00e1le hmatateln\u00e9 rozm\u011bry. A\u010dkoliv hled\u00e1n\u00ed podle n\u00e1zv\u016f samotn\u00fdch soubor\u016f \u010dasto nar\u00e1\u017eelo na kreativitu tv\u016frce souboru, manu\u00e1ln\u00edm pln\u00fdm skenov\u00e1n\u00edm bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 naj\u00edt pot\u0159ebnou knihu po t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9m proch\u00e1zen\u00ed des\u00edtkami stran.<\/p>\n

V roce 2008 byly na rutracker.ru (tehdy torrents.ru) zve\u0159ejn\u011bny torrenty d\u016fvtipn\u00e9ho jednotlivce, kter\u00fd slou\u010dil existuj\u00edc\u00ed sb\u00edrky knih do jedn\u00e9 velk\u00e9 hromady. V t\u00e9to diskusi se na\u0161el tak\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd za\u010dal pe\u010dlivou pr\u00e1ci na systematizaci zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdch soubor\u016f a vytvo\u0159en\u00ed webov\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed. Tak vznikl Library Genesis.<\/p>\n

Po celou dobu od roku 2008 a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti LibGen rostl a roz\u0161i\u0159oval sv\u00e9 knihovny silami komunity. Metadat knih byla editov\u00e1na a pot\u00e9 uchov\u00e1v\u00e1na a \u0161\u00ed\u0159ena ve form\u011b MySQL dump\u016f pro v\u0161echny z\u00e1jemce. Altruistick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k metadat\u016fm vedl k vzniku mnoha zrcadel a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed celkov\u00e9 udr\u017eitelnosti projektu, navzdory rostouc\u00ed fragmentaci.<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm miln\u00edkem v \u017eivot\u011b knihovny se stalo zrcadlen\u00ed datab\u00e1ze Sci-Hub, kter\u00e9 za\u010dalo v roce 2013. D\u00edky spolupr\u00e1ci obou syst\u00e9m\u016f se na jednom m\u00edst\u011b shrom\u00e1\u017edil bezprecedentn\u011b kvalitn\u00ed soubor dat \u2014 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 a um\u011bleck\u00e9 knihy spolu se v\u011bdeck\u00fdmi publikacemi. M\u00e1m podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee jeden dump spole\u010dn\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze LibGen a Sci-Hub bude dostate\u010dn\u00fd k obnov\u011b v\u011bdecko-technick\u00e9ho pokroku civilizace v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jeho ztr\u00e1ty b\u011bhem katastrofy.<\/p>\n

Dnes knihovna docela stabiln\u011b dr\u017e\u00ed nad vodou, m\u00e1 webov\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje prohled\u00e1vat sb\u00edrku a stahovat nalezen\u00e9 soubory.<\/p>\n

LibGen v IPFS<\/h2>\n

A i kdy\u017e je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdznam LibGen z\u0159ejm\u00fd, stejn\u011b tak jsou z\u0159ejm\u00e9 d\u016fvody, pro\u010d je knihovna neust\u00e1le ohro\u017eena uzav\u0159en\u00edm. To motivuje maintainery zrcadel hledat nov\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby, jak zabezpe\u010dit stabilitu. Jedn\u00edm z t\u011bchto zp\u016fsob\u016f se stalo zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed sb\u00edrky v IPFS.<\/p>\n

IPFS se objevil relativn\u011b d\u00e1vno. Na technologii byla p\u0159i jej\u00edm vzniku kladena velk\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, ne v\u0161echna se v\u0161ak naplnila. P\u0159esto se rozvoj s\u00edt\u011b pokra\u010duje a p\u0159\u00edtomnost LibGen v n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee pos\u00edlit p\u0159\u00edliv nov\u00fdch sil a vyj\u00edt s\u00edti vst\u0159\u00edc.<\/p>\n

Pokud to zjednodu\u0161\u00edme na maximum, IPFS lze nazvat souborov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem nata\u017een\u00fdm na neur\u010dit\u00fd po\u010det uzl\u016f s\u00edt\u011b. \u00da\u010dastn\u00edci peer-to-peer s\u00edt\u011b mohou cachovat soubory u sebe a rozd\u00e1vat je okol\u00ed. Adresov\u00e1n\u00ed soubor\u016f se d\u011bje ne podle cest, ale podle hash\u016f obsahu souboru. <\/p>\n

P\u0159ed n\u011bjak\u00fdm \u010dasem \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci LibGen ozn\u00e1mili IPFS-hashe a za\u010dali s distribuc\u00ed soubor\u016f. Tento t\u00fdden se odkazy na soubory v IPFS za\u010daly objevovat v v\u00fdsledc\u00edch hled\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch zrcadel LibGen. Nav\u00edc d\u00edky \u010dinnosti aktivist\u016f t\u00fdmu Internet Archive a osv\u011btlen\u00ed situace na redditu nyn\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed k p\u0159\u00edlivu dal\u0161\u00edch seeders jak v IPFS, tak na distribuci origin\u00e1ln\u00edch torrent\u016f.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edm nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, zda se samotn\u00e9 IPFS hash objev\u00ed v z\u00e1loh\u00e1ch datab\u00e1ze LibGen, ale zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee to lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat. Mo\u017enost st\u00e1hnout metadata sb\u00edrky spolu s IPFS hash obvykle sni\u017euje vstupn\u00ed pr\u00e1h pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vlastn\u00ed kopie, zvy\u0161uje stabilitu cel\u00e9 knihovny a p\u0159ibli\u017euje k realizaci snu tv\u016frc\u016f knihovny.<\/p>\n

P.S. Pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed pomoci projektu, byl vytvo\u0159en zdroj freeread.org<\/a><\/noindex>, kde najdete pokyny, jak nastavit IPFS.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Zdroj: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Library Genesis — \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043a 2.7 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433, \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0448\u0430\u0433. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043b \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 IPFS — \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443. \u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433 Library Genesis \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 IPFS, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u0410 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":97072,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-97071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed voln\u00e1 elektronick\u00e1 knihovna se vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 do meziplanet\u00e1rn\u00edho prostoru | 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