{"id":97104,"date":"2020-10-16T08:42:19","date_gmt":"2020-10-16T06:42:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/packet-tracer-laboratornaya-rabota-nastrojka-plavayushhih-staticheskih-marshrutov"},"modified":"2020-10-16T08:42:19","modified_gmt":"2020-10-16T06:42:19","slug":"packet-tracer-laboratornaya-rabota-nastrojka-plavayushhih-staticheskih-marshrutov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/packet-tracer-laboratornaya-rabota-nastrojka-plavayushhih-staticheskih-marshrutov","title":{"rendered":"Packet Tracer. Laboratorn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce: Nastaven\u00ed plovouc\u00edch statick\u00fdch tras","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Topologie s\u00edt\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laboratorn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce: Nastaven\u00ed plovouc\u00edch statick\u00fdch tras\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/d60e4594ba0528414e58fff3ccb1e8cd.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u00dakoly<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed statick\u00e9 trasy jako v\u00fdchoz\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Nasazen\u00ed plovouc\u00ed statick\u00e9 trasy<\/li>\n<li>Ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159epnut\u00ed na plovouc\u00ed statickou trasu p\u0159i selh\u00e1n\u00ed hlavn\u00ed trasy<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Obecn\u00e9 informace<\/h2>\n<p>\nNe\u017e za\u010dneme, poj\u010fme \u0159\u00edct p\u00e1r slov o tom, co je to statick\u00e1 a je\u0161t\u011b k tomu plovouc\u00ed trasa. Na rozd\u00edl od dynamick\u00e9ho sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed vy\u017eaduje statick\u00e9 sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00ed konstrukci trasy do konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. Plovouc\u00ed statick\u00e1 trasa slou\u017e\u00ed k poskytnut\u00ed z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed cesty do c\u00edlov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b selh\u00e1n\u00ed hlavn\u00ed trasy.<\/p>\n<p>Na p\u0159\u00edkladu na\u0161\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b m\u00e1 \"Okrajov\u00fd sm\u011brova\u010d\" prozat\u00edm pouze p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159ipojen\u00e9 trasy k s\u00edt\u00edm ISP1, ISP2, LAN_1 a LAN_2.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laboratorn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce: Nastaven\u00ed plovouc\u00edch statick\u00fdch tras\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/a696205f8c9e062d9ada51fda3de9e21.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed statick\u00e9 trasy jako v\u00fdchoz\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>\nNe\u017e probereme z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed trasu, mus\u00edme nejprve vybudovat hlavn\u00ed trasu. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed trasa od okrajov\u00e9ho sm\u011brova\u010de povede p\u0159es ISP1 do s\u00edt\u011b Internet a trasa p\u0159es ISP2 bude z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed. K tomu na okrajov\u00e9m sm\u011brova\u010di v re\u017eimu glob\u00e1ln\u00ed konfigurace nastav\u00edme statickou trasu jako v\u00fdchoz\u00ed:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"xml\">Edge_Router&gt;en\nEdge_Router#conf t\nEdge_Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0\/0\/0 \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nkde:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>prvn\u00edch 32 bit\u016f nula \u2014 adresa c\u00edlov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b; <\/li>\n<li>druh\u00fdch 32 bit\u016f nula \u2014 s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 maska; <\/li>\n<li>s0\/0\/0 \u2014 v\u00fdstupn\u00ed rozhran\u00ed okrajov\u00e9ho sm\u011brova\u010de, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159ipojeno k s\u00edti ISP1. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nTento z\u00e1znam \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee pokud pakety p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed na okrajov\u00fd sm\u011brova\u010d ze s\u00edt\u00ed LAN_1 nebo LAN_2 obsahuj\u00ed adresu c\u00edlov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed v sm\u011brovac\u00ed tabulce, budou p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1ny p\u0159es rozhran\u00ed s0\/0\/0. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laboratorn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce: Nastaven\u00ed plovouc\u00edch statick\u00fdch tras\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/bc28d8bfebe2fc75d81ab0817588ba15.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nZkontrolujeme sm\u011brovac\u00ed tabulku okrajov\u00e9ho sm\u011brova\u010de a ode\u0161leme echo dotaz na <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/server\/\"   title=\"webov\u00fd server\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1158\">webov\u00fd server<\/a> z PC-A nebo PC-B:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laboratorn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce: Nastaven\u00ed plovouc\u00edch statick\u00fdch tras\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/9cad9e3ba223c822c5e8d5f87e55e5b9.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laboratorn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce: Nastaven\u00ed plovouc\u00edch statick\u00fdch tras\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/f38b705b02f9c820bc1eb6db23276e19.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nVid\u00edme, \u017ee do sm\u011brovac\u00ed tabulky byla p\u0159id\u00e1na polo\u017eka v\u00fdchoz\u00edho statick\u00e9ho sm\u011bru (co\u017e potvrzuje z\u00e1pis S*). Provedeme trasov\u00e1n\u00ed trasy od PC-A nebo PC-B k web-<a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"serveru\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3663\">serveru<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laboratorn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce: Nastaven\u00ed plovouc\u00edch statick\u00fdch tras\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/449b5e7228c87f188d421378a5e2465c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPrvn\u00ed p\u0159echod se uskute\u010dn\u00ed z PC-B na lok\u00e1ln\u00ed IP adresu okrajov\u00e9ho sm\u011brova\u010de 192.168.11.1. Druh\u00fd p\u0159echod \u2014 od okrajov\u00e9ho sm\u011brova\u010de k 10.10.10.1 (ISP1). Zapamatujme si, pozd\u011bji porovn\u00e1me p\u0159echody.<\/p>\n<h2>Nasazen\u00ed plovouc\u00ed statick\u00e9 trasy<\/h2>\n<p>\nTak\u017ee jsme vytvo\u0159ili hlavn\u00ed statickou trasu. D\u00e1le vytvo\u0159\u00edme plovouc\u00ed statickou trasu p\u0159es s\u00ed\u0165 ISP2. Proces vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed plovouc\u00ed statick\u00e9 trasy se nijak neli\u0161\u00ed od b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdchoz\u00ed statick\u00e9 trasy, krom\u011b toho, \u017ee se v prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nav\u00edc uv\u00e1d\u00ed administrativn\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost. Administrativn\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost znamen\u00e1 m\u00edru spolehlivosti trasy. Fakt je ten, \u017ee administrativn\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost statick\u00e9 trasy je rovna jedn\u00e9, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 absolutn\u00ed prioritu nad protokoly dynamick\u00e9ho sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed, jejich\u017e administrativn\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost je mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, krom\u011b m\u00edstn\u00edch tras \u2014 ty maj\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost rovnou nule. P\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed plovouc\u00ed statick\u00e9 trasy by proto m\u011bla b\u00fdt nastavena administrativn\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jedna, nap\u0159\u00edklad 5. Tak\u017ee plovouc\u00ed trasa nebude m\u00edt prioritu nad hlavn\u00ed statickou trasou, ale v dob\u011b, kdy bude nedostupn\u00e1, bude v\u00fdchoz\u00ed trasa pova\u017eov\u00e1na za hlavn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laboratorn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce: Nastaven\u00ed plovouc\u00edch statick\u00fdch tras\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/9929fbcf1bb5d27609d41cb1355142d9.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSyntax plovouc\u00ed statick\u00e9 trasy je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"xml\">Edge_Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0\/0\/1 5<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nkde: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>5 \u2014 to je hodnota administrativn\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti;<\/li>\n<li>s0\/0\/1 \u2014 v\u00fdstupn\u00ed rozhran\u00ed hrani\u010dn\u00edho sm\u011brova\u010de p\u0159ipojen\u00e9ho k s\u00edti ISP2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nHned bych cht\u011bl \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee <u>dokud je hlavn\u00ed trasa v provozn\u00edm stavu, plovouc\u00ed statick\u00e1 trasa se v sm\u011brovac\u00ed tabulce neobjev\u00ed<\/u>. Pro v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010divost zobraz\u00edme obsah sm\u011brovac\u00ed tabulky v dob\u011b, kdy je hlavn\u00ed trasa v po\u0159\u00e1dku:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laboratorn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce: Nastaven\u00ed plovouc\u00edch statick\u00fdch tras\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/e2d4a77200450fcee35a9046c2c6998f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nJe vid\u011bt, \u017ee v sm\u011brovac\u00ed tabulce st\u00e1le zobrazuje hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdchoz\u00ed statickou trasu s v\u00fdstupn\u00edm rozhran\u00edm Serial0\/0\/0 a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9 statick\u00e9 trasy v sm\u011brovac\u00ed tabulce nejsou zobrazeny.<\/p>\n<h2>Ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159epnut\u00ed na plovouc\u00ed statickou trasu p\u0159i selh\u00e1n\u00ed hlavn\u00ed trasy<\/h2>\n<p>\n<b>A te\u010f to nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed:<\/b> simulujme selh\u00e1n\u00ed hlavn\u00ed trasy. Toho lze dos\u00e1hnout vypnut\u00edm rozhran\u00ed na softwarov\u00e9 \u00farovni nebo jednodu\u0161e odpojen\u00edm spojen\u00ed mezi sm\u011brova\u010dem a ISP1. Vypneme rozhran\u00ed Serial0\/0\/0 hlavn\u00ed trasy:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"xml\">Edge_Router&gt;en\nEdge_Router#conf t\nEdge_Router(config)#int s0\/0\/0\nEdge_Router(config-if)#shutdown\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n\u2026 a hned b\u011b\u017e\u00edme zkontrolovat sm\u011brovac\u00ed tabulku:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laboratorn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce: Nastaven\u00ed plovouc\u00edch statick\u00fdch tras\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/961f636462173a5551194c78378782e1.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNa obr\u00e1zku v\u00fd\u0161e vid\u00edme, \u017ee po selh\u00e1n\u00ed hlavn\u00ed statick\u00e9 trasy se v\u00fdstupn\u00ed rozhran\u00ed Serial0\/0\/0 zm\u011bnilo na Serial0\/0\/1. P\u0159i prvn\u00ed traceroute, kterou jsme prov\u00e1d\u011bli d\u0159\u00edve, byl n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159echod z hrani\u010dn\u00edho routeru na IP adresu 10.10.10.1. Porovnejme p\u0159echody proveden\u00edm opakovan\u00e9 traceroute pomoc\u00ed z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed trasy:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laboratorn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce: Nastaven\u00ed plovouc\u00edch statick\u00fdch tras\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/5b204b0a79c5ea416622b3ff5c954bee.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNyn\u00ed se p\u0159echod z hrani\u010dn\u00edho routeru na webov\u00fd server prov\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159es IP adresu 10.10.10.5 (ISP2).<\/p>\n<p>Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee statick\u00e9 trasy lze vid\u011bt zobrazen\u00edm aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed konfigurace routeru:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"xml\">Edge_Router&gt;en\nEdge_Router#show run\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laboratorn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce: Nastaven\u00ed plovouc\u00edch statick\u00fdch tras\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/a4bca44fd296c69f69b6e75c421c0ab0.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/523534\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0422\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0434\u0430 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442. \u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c. \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":97105,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-97104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - 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