{"id":97328,"date":"2020-10-17T08:43:09","date_gmt":"2020-10-17T06:43:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vazhnejshie-vehi-v-istorii-razvitiya-sistem-videonablyudeniya"},"modified":"2026-05-20T17:45:16","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T15:45:16","slug":"vazhnejshie-vehi-v-istorii-razvitiya-sistem-videonablyudeniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vazhnejshie-vehi-v-istorii-razvitiya-sistem-videonablyudeniya","title":{"rendered":"Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed miln\u00edky v historii v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f videoregulace.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed miln\u00edky v historii v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f videoregulace.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/43441678e0f034c89d6a25f36eadfa24.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nFunkce modern\u00edch dohledov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f d\u00e1vno p\u0159ekro\u010dily r\u00e1mec jednoduch\u00e9ho videoz\u00e1znamu. Detekce pohybu v oblasti z\u00e1jmu, po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed a identifikace lid\u00ed a vozidel, sledov\u00e1n\u00ed objekt\u016f v proudu \u2014 dnes to zvl\u00e1dnou i m\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 IP kamery. Pokud je k dispozici dostate\u010dn\u011b v\u00fdkonn\u00fd server a pot\u0159ebn\u00fd software, mo\u017enosti zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed infrastruktury se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed prakticky neomezen\u00fdmi. A p\u0159itom d\u0159\u00edve podobn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my nedok\u00e1zaly ani zaznamen\u00e1vat video.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Od pantelografu po mechanickou televizi<\/h2>\n<p>\nPrvn\u00ed pokusy o p\u0159enos obrazu na vzd\u00e1lenost se podnikaly u\u017e ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed. V roce 1862 florentsk\u00fd opat Giovanni Caselli vytvo\u0159il za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bylo schopn\u00e9 nejen p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et, ale i p\u0159ij\u00edmat obr\u00e1zek po elektrick\u00fdch vodi\u010d\u00edch \u2014 pantelograf. Jen\u017ee naz\u00fdvat tento agreg\u00e1t \u201emechanickou televiz\u00ed\u201c bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 jen s velk\u00fdmi obt\u00ed\u017eemi: italsk\u00fd vyn\u00e1lezce ve skute\u010dnosti vytvo\u0159il prototyp faxov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstroje.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed miln\u00edky v historii v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f videoregulace.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/15218337698b9238e5da4e73cf9a3170.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Pantelograf Giovanni Caselli<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Elektrochemick\u00fd telegrapf Kaselli fungoval takto. P\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fd obraz byl nejprve \u201ekonvertov\u00e1n\u201c do vhodn\u00e9ho form\u00e1tu, p\u0159etahov\u00e1n\u00edm nevodiv\u00fdmi inkousty na plechu c\u00ednov\u00e9 f\u00f3lie, a pot\u00e9 upevn\u011bn svorkami na zak\u0159iven\u00e9m m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9m podkladu. Jako \u010dtec\u00ed hlava slou\u017eila zlat\u00e1 jehla, kter\u00e1 skenovala kovov\u00fd plech po \u0159\u00e1dc\u00edch s krokem 0,5 mm. Kdy\u017e se jehla dostala nad oblast s nevodiv\u00fdmi inkousty, zemn\u00ed okruh se p\u0159eru\u0161il a proud byl sveden na vodi\u010de spojuj\u00edc\u00ed vys\u00edlac\u00ed pantelograf s p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00edm. Zat\u00edmco jehla p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de se pohybovala nad pl\u00e1tnem hust\u00e9ho pap\u00edru nasycen\u00e9ho sm\u011bs\u00ed \u017eelatiny a hexakyanoferr\u00e1tu draseln\u00e9ho, pod vlivem elektrick\u00e9ho proudu ztmavlo spojen\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se vytvo\u0159il obraz.<\/p>\n<p>Tento p\u0159\u00edstroj m\u011bl \u0159adu nedostatk\u016f, mezi nimi\u017e je t\u0159eba vyzdvihnout n\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdkon, pot\u0159ebu synchronizace p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de a vys\u00edla\u010de, od jej\u00ed\u017e p\u0159esnosti z\u00e1visela kvalita kone\u010dn\u00e9ho obrazu, a tak\u00e9 pracnost a n\u00e1kladnost \u00fadr\u017eby, co\u017e vedlo k rychl\u00e9mu z\u00e1niku pantelegrafu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159\u00edstroje Kazelli, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed se na telegrafn\u00ed lince Moskva \u2013 Petrohrad, pracovaly jen n\u011bco m\u00e1lo p\u0159es 1 rok: po uveden\u00ed do provozu 17. dubna 1866, v den otev\u0159en\u00ed telegrafn\u00edho spojen\u00ed mezi ob\u011bma metropolemi, byly pantelegrapy demontov\u00e1ny ji\u017e na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 1868.<\/p>\n<p>Mnohem prakti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed se uk\u00e1zal biltelgraf, kter\u00fd byl vytvo\u0159en v roce 1902 Arthurem Kornem na z\u00e1klad\u011b prvn\u00edho fotoelementu, vynalezen\u00e9ho rusk\u00fdm fyzikem Alexandrem Stoletovem. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z\u00edskalo sv\u011btovou popularitu 17. b\u0159ezna 1908: toho dne byla pomoc\u00ed biltelgrafu z policejn\u00ed stanice v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei do Lond\u00fdna p\u0159enesena fotografie zlo\u010dince, na jej\u00edm\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b se policist\u016fm poda\u0159ilo zlo\u010dince n\u00e1sledn\u011b vyp\u00e1trat a zatknout.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed miln\u00edky v historii v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f videoregulace.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/85f02d8fdc587fe756a1f34daf74e7a4.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Arthur Korn a jeho biltelgraf<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Podobn\u00fd agreg\u00e1t zaji\u0161\u0165oval slu\u0161nou detailnost fotografick\u00e9ho obrazu a u\u017e nevy\u017eadoval jeho speci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravu, av\u0161ak pro p\u0159enos obr\u00e1zk\u016f v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase st\u00e1le nebyl vhodn\u00fd: zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed jedn\u00e9 fotografie trvalo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10\u201315 minut. P\u0159esto se biltelgraf dob\u0159e uchytil v kriminologii (\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b ho vyu\u017e\u00edvala policie pro p\u0159enos sn\u00edmk\u016f, sestaven\u00fdch portr\u00e9t\u016f a otisk\u016f prst\u016f mezi odd\u011blen\u00edmi a dokonce i zem\u011bmi), stejn\u011b tak v zpravodajsk\u00e9 \u017eurnalistiky.<\/p>\n<p>Skute\u010dn\u00fd pr\u016flom v t\u00e9to oblasti nastal v roce 1909: pr\u00e1v\u011b tehdy se Georgi Rina poda\u0159ilo dos\u00e1hnout p\u0159enosu obrazu s obnovovac\u00ed frekvenc\u00ed 1 sn\u00edmek za sekundu. Jeliko\u017e m\u011bl telefotografick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstroj \"senzor\" ve form\u011b mozaiky ze selenov\u00fdch fotoelement\u016f a jeho rozli\u0161en\u00ed \u010dinilo pouh\u00fdch 8 \u00d7 8 \"pixel\u016f\", nikdy nevystoupil za laboratorn\u00ed zdi. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b s\u00e1m fakt jeho vzniku polo\u017eil nezbytn\u00fd z\u00e1klad pro dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum v oblasti p\u0159enosu obrazu.<\/p>\n<p>Opravdov\u011b vynikl v tomto oboru skotsk\u00fd in\u017een\u00fdr John Logie Baird, kter\u00fd se zapsal do historie jako prvn\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk schopn\u00fd p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et obr\u00e1zek na d\u00e1lku v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase. Proto je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \"otce\" mechanick\u00e9ho televizn\u00edho vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed (a dokonce i televize jako takov\u00e9). S p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k tomu, \u017ee Baird t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u0159i\u0161el o \u017eivot b\u011bhem sv\u00fdch experiment\u016f, kdy dostal elektrick\u00fd \u0161ok o s\u00edle 2000 volt\u016f p\u0159i v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b fotovoltaick\u00e9ho prvku ve vlastn\u00ed kame\u0159e, je tento titul pln\u011b zaslou\u017een\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed miln\u00edky v historii v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f videoregulace.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/1cfc70487bc93d125195b2fa5e335133.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>John Logie Baird, vyn\u00e1lezce televize<\/i><\/p>\n<p>V Bairdov\u011b vyn\u00e1lezu byl pou\u017eit speci\u00e1ln\u00ed disk, kter\u00fd vynalezl n\u011bmeck\u00fd technik Paul Nipkow ji\u017e v roce 1884. Nipkowsk\u00fd disk z nepr\u016fhledn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu s \u0159adou otvor\u016f stejn\u00e9ho pr\u016fm\u011bru, uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fdch spir\u00e1lovit\u011b v jednom ot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed od st\u0159edu disku rovnom\u011brn\u011b do \u00fahlov\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti, slou\u017eil jak pro skenov\u00e1n\u00ed obr\u00e1zko, tak pro jeho zobrazen\u00ed na p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed miln\u00edky v historii v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f videoregulace.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/b5e72578b1e54fa4b2c1937283b8f079.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Nipkowsk\u00e9ho disku<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Objektiv zaost\u0159il obraz zachycovan\u00e9ho objektu na povrch rotuj\u00edc\u00edho disku. Sv\u011btlo proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed otvory dopadalo na fotobu\u0148ku, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se obraz p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bl na elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee byly otvory uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny spir\u00e1lovit\u011b, ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich fakticky prov\u00e1d\u011bl \u0159\u00e1dkov\u00e9 skenov\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti obrazu, zaost\u0159en\u00e9ho objektivem. Stejn\u00fd disk byl tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomen v reproduk\u010dn\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, nicm\u00e9n\u011b vzadu byl um\u00edst\u011bn v\u00fdkonn\u00fd elektrick\u00fd \u017e\u00e1rovka, reaguj\u00edc\u00ed na kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed osv\u011btlen\u00ed, a p\u0159ed n\u00edm zv\u011bt\u0161ovac\u00ed \u010do\u010dka nebo syst\u00e9m \u010do\u010dek pro projekci obrazu na obrazovku.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed miln\u00edky v historii v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f videoregulace.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/75887df5eb0c0e7ff71a32bdd7ff7a45.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed mechanick\u00fdch televizn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Baird\u016fv p\u0159\u00edstroj pou\u017e\u00edval Nipkowsk\u00fd disk se 30 otvory (co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00fdsledn\u00fd obr\u00e1zek m\u011bl rozli\u0161en\u00ed 30 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f ve vertik\u00e1ln\u00edm sm\u011bru) a mohl skenovat objekty rychlost\u00ed 5 sn\u00edmk\u016f za sekundu. Prvn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd experiment s p\u0159enosem \u010dernob\u00edl\u00e9ho obr\u00e1zku se uskute\u010dnil 2. \u0159\u00edjna 1925: tehdy in\u017een\u00fdr poprv\u00e9 p\u0159enesl z jednoho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na druh\u00e9 polot\u00f3nov\u00fd obr\u00e1zek loutkov\u00e9ho ventrilokvista.<\/p>\n<p>B\u011bhem experimentu zazvonil u dve\u0159\u00ed kur\u00fdr, kter\u00fd m\u011bl doru\u010dit d\u016fle\u017eitou z\u00e1silku. Nad\u0161en\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bchem B\u00e4rda vzal p\u0159ekvapen\u00e9ho mlad\u00edka za ruku a dovedl ho do sv\u00e9 laborato\u0159e: netrp\u011bliv\u011b cht\u011bl posoudit, jak si jeho vyn\u00e1lez porad\u00ed s p\u0159enosem obrazu lidsk\u00e9 tv\u00e1\u0159e. Tak vstoupil 20let\u00fd William Edward Thain do historie jako prvn\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd \u201eve\u0161el do televizoru\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>V roce 1927 B\u00e4rd uskute\u010dnil prvn\u00ed televizn\u00ed p\u0159enos mezi Lond\u00fdnem a Glasgowem (na vzd\u00e1lenost 705 km) pomoc\u00ed telefonn\u00edch dr\u00e1t\u016f. A v roce 1928 zalo\u017een\u00e1 in\u017een\u00fdrem spole\u010dnost Baird Television Development Company Ltd \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b provedla prvn\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b transatlantick\u00fd p\u0159enos televizn\u00edho sign\u00e1lu mezi Lond\u00fdnem a Hartsdale (st\u00e1t New York). Uk\u00e1zka schopnost\u00ed 30-p\u00e1smov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu B\u00e4rda se uk\u00e1zala jako nejlep\u0161\u00ed reklama: ji\u017e v roce 1929 ji p\u0159evzala BBC a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b ji pou\u017e\u00edvala po n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 6 let, dokud ji nevytla\u010dila dokonalej\u0161\u00ed technika na b\u00e1zi katodov\u00fdch trubice.<\/p>\n<h2>Ikonoskop \u2014 p\u0159edzv\u011bst nov\u00e9 \u00e9ry<\/h2>\n<p>\nVznik elektronov\u00e9 trubice vd\u011b\u010d\u00edme na\u0161emu b\u00fdval\u00e9mu krajanovi Vladimiru Kozmi\u010dovi Zvorykinovi. B\u011bhem obou v\u00e1lky in\u017een\u00fdr p\u0159ijal stranu b\u00edl\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed a uprchl p\u0159es Jekat\u011brinburg do Omsku, kde pracoval na vybaven\u00ed r\u00e1diov\u00fdch stanic. V roce 1919 odcestoval Zvorykin na slu\u017eebn\u00ed cestu do New Yorku. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b prob\u00edhala Omsk\u00e1 operace (listopad 1919), jej\u00ed\u017e v\u00fdsledkem byla p\u0159evzet\u00ed m\u011bsta Rudou arm\u00e1dou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 bez boje. Proto\u017ee se in\u017een\u00fdrovi ji\u017e nem\u011blo kam vr\u00e1tit, z\u016fstal v nucen\u00e9 emigraci a stal se zam\u011bstnancem spole\u010dnosti Westinghouse Electric (nyn\u00ed CBS Corporation), kter\u00e1 u\u017e tehdy byla jednou z p\u0159edn\u00edch elektrotechnick\u00fdch korporac\u00ed v USA, kde se z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u011bnoval v\u00fdzkumu v oblasti p\u0159enosu obrazu na d\u00e1lku.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed miln\u00edky v historii v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f videoregulace.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/88421fa72300fbb957bffc4236777f28.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Vladimir Kozmi\u010d Zvorykin, tv\u016frce ikonoskopu<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Do roku 1923 se in\u017een\u00e9rovi poda\u0159ilo vytvo\u0159it prvn\u00ed televizn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jeho\u017e z\u00e1kladem byl p\u0159enosov\u00fd elektronick\u00fd trubice s mozaikov\u00fdm fotokatodou. Nov\u00e9 veden\u00ed v\u0161ak nebralo pr\u00e1ci v\u011bdce v\u00e1\u017en\u011b, a tak Zvorikynovi dlouhou dobu z\u016fstalo pouze prov\u00e1d\u011bt v\u00fdzkum samostatn\u011b v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch extr\u00e9mn\u011b omezen\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. Mo\u017enost vr\u00e1tit se k plnohodnotn\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti se Zvorikynovi naskytla a\u017e v roce 1928, kdy se sezn\u00e1mil s jin\u00fdm emigrantem z Ruska \u2014 Davidem Sarnoffem, kter\u00fd v t\u00e9 dob\u011b zast\u00e1val funkci viceprezidenta spole\u010dnosti Radio Corporation of America (RCA). Po zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee se mu n\u00e1pady vyn\u00e1lezce zdaj\u00ed velmi perspektivn\u00ed, jmenoval Sarnoff Zvorikyna vedouc\u00edm laborato\u0159e elektroniky RCA a v\u011bc se hnula z m\u00edsta.<\/p>\n<p>V roce 1929 p\u0159edstavil Vladimir Kozmy\u010d funk\u010dn\u00ed prototyp vysoce vakuov\u00e9 televizn\u00ed trubice (kineskopu), a v roce 1931 dokon\u010dil pr\u00e1ci na p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nazval \u201eikonoskop\u201c (z \u0159eck\u00e9ho eikon \u2014 \u201eobraz\u201c a skopeo \u2014 \u201ed\u00edvat se\u201c). Ikonoskop byl vakuov\u00e1 sklen\u011bn\u00e1 ba\u0148ka, uvnit\u0159 kter\u00e9 byla upevn\u011bna sv\u011btlocitliv\u00e1 c\u00edlov\u00e1 plocha a elektronov\u00e1 zbra\u0148 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e1 pod \u00fahlem k n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed miln\u00edky v historii v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f videoregulace.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/400946c568362e1346947e097d829cce.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Principi\u00e1ln\u00ed sch\u00e9ma ikonoskopu<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Sv\u011btlocitliv\u00e1 c\u00edlov\u00e1 plocha o rozm\u011brech 6 \u00d7 19 cm byla tvo\u0159ena tenkou izola\u010dn\u00ed vrstvou (micou), na jednu stranu kter\u00e9 byly naneseny mikroskopick\u00e9 (o velikosti n\u011bkolika des\u00edtek mikron\u016f ka\u017ed\u00e1) st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 kapky v mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 200 000 kus\u016f, pokryt\u00e9 c\u00e9siem, a na druh\u00e9 \u2014 souvisl\u00fdm st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdm pokryt\u00edm, z jeho\u017e povrchu se sn\u00edmal v\u00fdstupn\u00ed sign\u00e1l. P\u0159i osv\u011btlen\u00ed c\u00edlov\u00e9 plochy vlivem fotoefektu z\u00edsk\u00e1valy kapky st\u0159\u00edbra kladn\u00fd n\u00e1boj, jeho\u017e velikost z\u00e1visela na \u00farovni osv\u011btlen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed miln\u00edky v historii v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f videoregulace.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/f0c2b1c0822fb4a8992e2a625747aa4a.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Origin\u00e1ln\u00ed ikonoskop v expozici \u010cesk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho muzea techniky<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Ikonoskop le\u017eel v z\u00e1kladu prvn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f elektronick\u00e9ho vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed. Jeho vznik zna\u010dn\u011b zlep\u0161il kvalitu p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9ho obrazu d\u00edky mnohon\u00e1sobn\u00e9mu zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed po\u010dtu prvk\u016f v televizn\u00edm obraze: z 300 \u00d7 400 bod\u016f v prvn\u00edch modelech na 1000 \u00d7 1000 bod\u016f v pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00edch. I kdy\u017e za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed m\u011blo ur\u010dit\u00e9 nedostatky, mezi kter\u00e9 pat\u0159ila n\u00edzk\u00e1 citlivost (pro plnohodnotn\u00e9 sn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed byla pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 osv\u011btlenost minim\u00e1ln\u011b 10 tis\u00edc lux\u016f) a trap\u00e9zov\u00e9 zkreslen\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 neshodou optick\u00e9 osy s osou paprskov\u00e9 trubice, vyn\u00e1lez Zvorikina se stal d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm miln\u00edkem v historii video dohledu, kter\u00fd do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry ur\u010dil dal\u0161\u00ed sm\u011br v\u00fdvoje odv\u011btv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Na cest\u011b od \u201eanalogu\u201c k \u201edigit\u00e1lu\u201c<\/h2>\n<p>\nJak to \u010dasto b\u00fdv\u00e1, v\u00fdvoj ur\u010dit\u00fdch technologi\u00ed podporuj\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 konflikty, a video dohled v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nen\u00ed v\u00fdjimkou. V letech druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky T\u0159et\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e za\u010dala aktivn\u011b vyv\u00edjet balistick\u00e9 rakety dlouh\u00e9ho dosahu. Prvn\u00ed prototypy slavn\u00e9ho \u201ezbran\u011b pomsty\u201c V-2 v\u0161ak nebyly p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 spolehliv\u00e9: rakety \u010dasto explodovaly p\u0159i startu nebo brzy po vzletu. Proto\u017ee pokro\u010dil\u00e9 syst\u00e9my telemetrie tehdy je\u0161t\u011b v podstat\u011b neexistovaly, jedin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak zjistit p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny ne\u00fasp\u011bch\u016f, bylo vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed procesu startu, co\u017e bylo velmi riskantn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed miln\u00edky v historii v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f videoregulace.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/fe3cabd31bb6791407451effe06beb8a.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>P\u0159\u00edprava na vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed balistick\u00e9 rakety V-2 na zku\u0161ebn\u00edm poli v Peenem\u00fcnde<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Aby se usnadnil \u00fakol v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm raketov\u00fdch zbran\u00ed a neohro\u017eovali jejich \u017eivoty, n\u011bmeck\u00fd elektrotechnik Walther Bruch navrhl tzv. CCTV syst\u00e9m (Closed Circuit Television \u2014 syst\u00e9m uzav\u0159en\u00e9ho televizn\u00edho okruhu). Pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed bylo nainstalov\u00e1no na zku\u0161ebn\u00edm poli v Peenem\u00fcnde. Vyn\u00e1lez n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho elektrotechnika umo\u017enil v\u011bdc\u016fm sledovat pr\u016fb\u011bh zkou\u0161ek z bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti 2,5 kilometru, ani\u017e by se ob\u00e1vali o sv\u00e9 \u017eivoty.<\/p>\n<p>Navzdory v\u0161em p\u0159ednostem m\u011bla syst\u00e9m videa Brucha zna\u010dnou nev\u00fdhodu: chyb\u011bla za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro videoz\u00e1znam, co\u017e znamenalo, \u017ee oper\u00e1tor nemohl ani na okam\u017eik opustit sv\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsto. Z\u00e1va\u017enost tohoto probl\u00e9mu ukazuje v\u00fdzkum proveden\u00fd IMS Research ned\u00e1vno. Podle jeho v\u00fdsledk\u016f zdrav\u00fd a dob\u0159e odpo\u010dat\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk propust\u00ed a\u017e 45 % d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed u\u017e po 12 minut\u00e1ch sledov\u00e1n\u00ed, a b\u011bhem 22 minut stoupne toto \u010d\u00edslo na 95 %. A pokud v oblasti testov\u00e1n\u00ed raketov\u00fdch zbran\u00ed tento fakt nem\u011bl zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed d\u016fsledky, proto\u017ee v\u011bdci nemuseli cel\u00e9 hodiny sed\u011bt p\u0159ed obrazovkami, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zabezpe\u010dovac\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f absence mo\u017enosti videoz\u00e1znamu v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivnila jejich \u00fa\u010dinnost.<\/p>\n<p>To trvalo a\u017e do roku 1956, kdy se na sv\u011bt\u011b objevil prvn\u00ed videorekord\u00e9r Ampex VR 1000, op\u011bt vytvo\u0159en\u00fd na\u0161\u00edm b\u00fdval\u00fdm krajanem Alexandrem Matvejevi\u010dem Pjatakovem. Podobn\u011b jako Zvorykin se v\u011bdec p\u0159iklonil na stranu B\u00edl\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, po jej\u00edm\u017e por\u00e1\u017ece nejprve emigroval do \u010c\u00edny, kde pracoval sedm let v jedn\u00e9 z energetick\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed v \u0160anghaji, pot\u00e9 n\u011bjak\u00fd \u010das \u017eil ve Francii a na konci 20. let se natrvalo usadil v USA, kde v roce 1932 z\u00edskal americk\u00e9 ob\u010danstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed miln\u00edky v historii v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f videoregulace.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/7b13c1d77b64eaf9bac18155e9b6cf9c.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Alexander Matvejevi\u010d Pjatakov a prototyp prvn\u00edho videorekord\u00e9ru na sv\u011bt\u011b Ampex VR 1000<\/i><\/p>\n<p>B\u011bhem n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 12 let stihl Pjatakov pracovat v takov\u00fdch spole\u010dnostech jako General Electric, Pacific Gas and Electric a Dalmo-Victor Westinghouse, nicm\u00e9n\u011b v roce 1944 se rozhodl zalo\u017eit vlastn\u00ed podnik a zaregistroval Ampex Electric and Manufacturing Company. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku se Ampex specializoval na v\u00fdrobu vysoce p\u0159esn\u00fdch pohon\u016f pro radarov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, ale po v\u00e1lce byla \u010dinnost spole\u010dnosti p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1na na perspektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sm\u011br \u2014 v\u00fdrobu magnetofonov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. V obdob\u00ed od 1947 do 1953 vydala spole\u010dnost Pjatakova n\u011bkolik velmi \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch model\u016f magnetofon\u016f, kter\u00e9 na\u0161ly uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v oblasti profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eurnalistiky.<\/p>\n<p>V roce 1951 se Poniatow a jeho hlavn\u00ed technick\u00e9 poradci Charles Ginzburg, Walter Selsted a Miron Stolyarov rozhodli j\u00edt d\u00e1l a vyvinout videonahr\u00e1vac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Ve stejn\u00e9m roce vytvo\u0159ili prototyp Ampex VR 1000B, kter\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edval princip p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9ho z\u00e1znamu informac\u00ed pomoc\u00ed rotuj\u00edc\u00edch magnetick\u00fdch hlav. Tato konstrukce umo\u017enila zajistit pot\u0159ebnou \u00farove\u0148 v\u00fdkonu pro nahr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed televizn\u00edho sign\u00e1lu s frekvenc\u00ed n\u011bkolik megahertz.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed miln\u00edky v historii v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f videoregulace.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/bdcd48cb3ba47444c062570b4c804a85.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Sch\u00e9ma p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9ho z\u00e1znamu vide sign\u00e1lu<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Prvn\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00ed model s\u00e9rie Apex VR 1000 se objevil na trhu po 5 letech. V dob\u011b uveden\u00ed se za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed prod\u00e1valo za 50 tis\u00edc dolar\u016f, co\u017e byla v t\u00e9 dob\u011b obrovsk\u00e1 suma. Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed: v tom sam\u00e9m roce byl Chevy Corvette nab\u00edzen za pouh\u00fdch 3000 dolar\u016f, a tento automobil pat\u0159il, mimochodem, do kategorie sportovn\u00edch aut.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b vysok\u00e9 ceny za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed dlouho br\u00e1nily rozvoji video sledov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pro ilustraci t\u00e9to skute\u010dnosti sta\u010d\u00ed \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b na n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu thajsk\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 rodiny v Lond\u00fdn\u011b policie nainstalovala na Trafalgarsk\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed pouze 2 videokamery (a to pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch st\u00e1tn\u00edch \u010dinitel\u016f), a po ukon\u010den\u00ed v\u0161ech akc\u00ed byla bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed syst\u00e9m demontov\u00e1na.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed miln\u00edky v historii v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f videoregulace.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/bd1148f3bc0125b36d2fb9a2db94786f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Kr\u00e1lovna Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie Al\u017eb\u011bta II. a princ Filip, v\u00e9voda z Edinburghu, p\u0159iv\u00edtali kr\u00e1le Thajska Pch\u0443\u043cipona a kr\u00e1lovnu Sirikit.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Vzhled funkc\u00ed p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, panoramov\u00e1n\u00ed a oto\u010den\u00ed podle \u010dasova\u010de umo\u017enil optimalizovat n\u00e1klady na vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f d\u00edky sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u010dtu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch ke kontrole \u00fazem\u00ed. Realizace takov\u00fdch projekt\u016f v\u0161ak st\u00e1le vy\u017eadovala zna\u010dn\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed investice. Nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u011bstsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m videov\u76d1\u89c6ov\u00e1n\u00ed vyvinut\u00fd pro m\u011bsto Olean (st\u00e1t New York), kter\u00fd byl uveden do provozu v roce 1968, st\u00e1l m\u011bstsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady 1,4 milionu dolar\u016f a jeho nasazen\u00ed trvalo 2 roky, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e cel\u00e1 infrastruktura byla p\u0159edstavena pouze 8 kamerami. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b \u017ee o celodenn\u00edm z\u00e1znamu v t\u00e9 dob\u011b nemohlo b\u00fdt ani \u0159e\u010di: videorekord\u00e9r se zap\u00ednal pouze na pokyn oper\u00e1tora, nebo\u0165 jak p\u00e1ska, tak samotn\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed byly p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 drah\u00e9 a o jejich provozu v re\u017eimu 24\/7 nemohlo b\u00fdt ani pomy\u0161len\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161e se zm\u011bnilo s masov\u00fdm p\u0159ijet\u00edm standardu VHS, jeho\u017e vznik dlu\u017e\u00edme japonsk\u00e9mu in\u017een\u00fdrovi \u0160idz\u00fao Takano, kter\u00fd pracoval ve spole\u010dnosti JVC.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed miln\u00edky v historii v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f videoregulace.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/150916916e710064e80f8f0ff076331d.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>\u0160idz\u00fao Takano, tv\u016frce form\u00e1tu VHS<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Form\u00e1t p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dal pou\u017eit\u00ed azimutov\u00e9ho z\u00e1znamu, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m byly vyu\u017eity dv\u011b videohlavice. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z nich zaznamen\u00e1vala jedno televizn\u00ed pole a m\u011bla pracovn\u00ed mezery odch\u00fdlen\u00e9 od kolm\u00e9 osy o stejn\u00fd \u00fahel 6\u00b0 do opa\u010dn\u00fdch sm\u011br\u016f, co\u017e umo\u017enilo sn\u00ed\u017eit zk\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 interference mezi sousedn\u00edmi videostopami a v\u00fdznamn\u011b zmen\u0161it mezeru mezi nimi, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zv\u00fd\u0161ila hustota z\u00e1znamu. Videohlavice byly um\u00edst\u011bny na bubnu o pr\u016fm\u011bru 62 mm, kter\u00fd se ot\u00e1\u010del frekvenc\u00ed 1500 ot\u00e1\u010dek za minutu. Krom\u011b naklon\u011bn\u00fdch z\u00e1znamov\u00fdch stop byly pod\u00e9l horn\u00edho okraje magnetick\u00e9ho p\u00e1sku zaznamen\u00e1ny dv\u011b stopy zvukov\u00e9ho doprovodu odd\u011blen\u00e9 ochrannou mezerou. Pod\u00e9l doln\u00edho okraje p\u00e1sku byla zaznamen\u00e1na \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed stopa obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed synchroniza\u010dn\u00ed impulsy sn\u00edmk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed form\u00e1tu VHS se na kazetu zapisoval kompozitn\u00ed video sign\u00e1l, co\u017e umo\u017enilo pou\u017e\u00edt jedin\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00ed kan\u00e1l a v\u00fdrazn\u011b zjednodu\u0161it propojen\u00ed mezi p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00edm a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm. Krom\u011b toho, na rozd\u00edl od popul\u00e1rn\u00edch form\u00e1t\u016f Betamax a U-matic, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaly U-\u017elabov\u00fd mechanismus pro nav\u00edjen\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 p\u00e1sky s oto\u010dnou platformou, co\u017e bylo charakteristick\u00e9 pro v\u0161echny p\u0159edchoz\u00ed kazetov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, byl form\u00e1t VHS zalo\u017een na nov\u00e9m principu, tzv. M-nav\u00edjen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed miln\u00edky v historii v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f videoregulace.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/49919753b8c20b9868f80b9fae005b72.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Sch\u00e9ma M-nav\u00edjen\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 p\u00e1sky v kazet\u011b VHS<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Vytahov\u00e1n\u00ed a nav\u00edjen\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 p\u00e1sky se uskute\u010d\u0148ovalo pomoc\u00ed dvou vodic\u00edch vidlic, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 se skl\u00e1dala z vertik\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00e1lce a naklon\u011bn\u00e9ho v\u00e1lcov\u00e9ho sloupku, kter\u00fd ur\u010doval p\u0159esn\u00fd \u00fahel vstupu p\u00e1sky na buben ot\u00e1\u010dej\u00edc\u00edch se hlav, co\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165ovalo n\u00e1klon dr\u00e1hy videonahr\u00e1vky k z\u00e1kladn\u00edmu okraji. \u00dahly vstupu a v\u00fdstupu p\u00e1sky z bubnu byly rovny \u00fahlu naklon\u011bn\u00ed plochy ot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed bubnu k z\u00e1kladn\u011b mechanismu, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e se oba kotou\u010de kazety nach\u00e1zely v jedn\u00e9 rovin\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Mechanismus M-nav\u00edjen\u00ed se uk\u00e1zal jako spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a pom\u00e1hal sni\u017eovat mechanick\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na p\u00e1sku. Absence oto\u010dn\u00e9 platformy usnadnila v\u00fdrobu jak samotn\u00fdch kazet, tak videomagnetofon\u016f, co\u017e m\u011blo p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd vliv na jejich v\u00fdrobn\u00ed n\u00e1klady. V mnoh\u00e9m d\u00edky tomu VHS zv\u00edt\u011bzilo v \"v\u00e1lce form\u00e1t\u016f\" a u\u010dinilo videokameru skute\u010dn\u011b dostupnou.<\/p>\n<p>Kamery tak\u00e9 nez\u016fst\u00e1valy pozadu: m\u00edsto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s elektronov\u00fdm paprskem p\u0159i\u0161ly modely zalo\u017een\u00e9 na CCD matic\u00edch. Sv\u011bt vd\u011b\u010d\u00ed za vznik t\u011bchto posledn\u00edch Willardu Boylovi a Georgi Smithovi, kte\u0159\u00ed pracovali v AT&amp;T Bell Labs na polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch pam\u011btech. B\u011bhem sv\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f fyzici zjistili, \u017ee jejich vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 integrovan\u00e9 obvody podl\u00e9haj\u00ed fotoelektrick\u00e9mu efektu. Ji\u017e v roce 1970 p\u0159edstavili Boyle a Smith prvn\u00ed line\u00e1rn\u00ed foto p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de (CCD \u0159ady).<\/p>\n<p>V roce 1973 zah\u00e1jila spole\u010dnost Fairchild s\u00e9riovou v\u00fdrobu CCD matric s rozli\u0161en\u00edm 100 \u00d7 100 pixel\u016f, a o dva roky pozd\u011bji Steve Sasson ze spole\u010dnosti Kodak vytvo\u0159il na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u00e9to matice prvn\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed fotoapar\u00e1t. Jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed bylo v\u0161ak zcela nemo\u017en\u00e9, proto\u017ee proces vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed obrazu trval 23 sekund a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 ulo\u017een\u00ed na osmimilimetrovou kazetu trvalo o 50 % d\u00e9le. Nav\u00edc jako zdroj nap\u00e1jen\u00ed byly pou\u017eity 16 nikl-kadmiov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed, co\u017e znamenalo celkovou hmotnost 3,6 kg.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed miln\u00edky v historii v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f videoregulace.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/196a7e4dd23d918e5d139e3d1e12b9d9.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Steve Sasson a prvn\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed fotoapar\u00e1t Kodak ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se sou\u010dasn\u00fdmi \"kompakt\u00edky\"<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos k rozvoji trhu digit\u00e1ln\u00edch fotoapar\u00e1t\u016f p\u0159inesla korporace Sony, a osobn\u011b Kazuo Iwama, kter\u00fd v t\u00e9 dob\u011b vedl Sony Corporation of America. Pr\u00e1v\u011b on trval na investov\u00e1n\u00ed obrovsk\u00fdch sum do v\u00fdvoje vlastn\u00edch CCD \u010dip\u016f, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e ji\u017e v roce 1980 spole\u010dnost p\u0159edstavila prvn\u00ed barevnou CCD videokameru XC-1. Po smrti Kazua v roce 1982 byla na jeho hrob\u011b um\u00edst\u011bna n\u00e1hrobn\u00ed deska s vestav\u011bnou CCD matic\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed miln\u00edky v historii v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f videoregulace.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/4e6079f927ae922dcb7edb0d70ff6473.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Kazuo Iwama, prezident Sony Corporation of America v 70. letech 20. stolet\u00ed<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1996 se v\u0161ak stalo v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm okam\u017eikem, kter\u00fd lze p\u0159irovnat k vyn\u00e1lezu ikonoskopu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tehdy \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost Axis Communications p\u0159edstavila prvn\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b \"digit\u00e1ln\u00ed kameru s funkcemi webov\u00e9ho serveru\" NetEye 200.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed miln\u00edky v historii v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f videoregulace.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/0930a082a2c383359eef598f7b10b53b.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Axis Neteye 200 \u2014 prvn\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b IP kamera<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Ihned po uveden\u00ed na trh nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 NetEye 200 pova\u017eovat za klasickou kameru. Za sv\u00fdmi konkurenty pokulh\u00e1val t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve v\u0161ech ohledech: jeho v\u00fdkon kol\u00edsal od 1 sn\u00edmku za sekundu v rozli\u0161en\u00ed CIF (352 \u00d7 288, nebo 0,1 Mpx) a\u017e po 1 sn\u00edmek za 17 sekund v 4CIF (704 \u00d7 576, 0,4 Mpx), a p\u0159itom se z\u00e1znam neukl\u00e1dal do samostatn\u00e9ho souboru, ale jako sekvence obr\u00e1zk\u016f JPEG. Hlavn\u00edm tah\u00e1kem produktu Axis v\u0161ak nebyla ani rychlost sn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, ani kvalita obrazu, ale p\u0159\u00edtomnost vlastn\u00edho RISC procesoru ETRAX a vestav\u011bn\u00e9ho ethernetov\u00e9ho portu 10Base-T, co\u017e umo\u017enilo p\u0159ipojit kameru p\u0159\u00edmo k routeru nebo s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 kart\u011b PC jako b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a ovl\u00e1dat ji pomoc\u00ed dod\u00e1van\u00fdch Java aplikac\u00ed. Tento inovativn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup donutil mnoho v\u00fdrobc\u016f kamerov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f k z\u00e1sadn\u00edmu p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed sv\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f a na dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta definoval hlavn\u00ed sm\u011br v\u00fdvoje odv\u011btv\u00ed. <\/p>\n<h2>V\u00edce mo\u017enost\u00ed \u2014 v\u00edce n\u00e1klad\u016f<\/h2>\n<p>\nNavzdory bou\u0159liv\u00e9mu rozvoji technologi\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 i po tolika letech finan\u010dn\u00ed str\u00e1nka ot\u00e1zky jedn\u00edm z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch faktor\u016f p\u0159i navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed kamerov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f. I kdy\u017e technologie pokro\u010dily a v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlevnily za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e je dnes mo\u017en\u00e9 sestavit syst\u00e9m podobn\u00fd tomu, kter\u00fd byl nainstalov\u00e1n na konci 60. let v Oleanu, doslova za p\u00e1r stovek dolar\u016f a p\u00e1r hodin skute\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010dasu, takov\u00e1 infrastruktura ji\u017e nen\u00ed schopna uspokojit mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b vzrostl\u00e9 pot\u0159eby modern\u00edho podnik\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V mnoha ohledech to vysv\u011btluje posun priorit. Pokud d\u0159\u00edve bylo video sledov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no pouze k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti na st\u0159e\u017een\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed, dnes je hlavn\u00edm motorom rozvoje pr\u016fmyslu (podle odhadu Transparency Market Research) retail, kter\u00e9mu takov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my pom\u00e1haj\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it r\u016fznorod\u00e9 marketingov\u00e9 \u00fakoly. Typick\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 \u2014 ur\u010den\u00ed konverzn\u00edho pom\u011bru na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u00fadaj\u016f o po\u010dtu n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f a mno\u017estv\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed pro\u0161li pokladn\u00edmi stoly. Pokud p\u0159id\u00e1me syst\u00e9m rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a integrujeme ho s existuj\u00edc\u00edm loajalitn\u00edm programem, z\u00edsk\u00e1me mo\u017enost zkoumat chov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f ve spojen\u00ed se sociodemografick\u00fdmi faktory pro n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed personalizovan\u00fdch nab\u00eddek (individu\u00e1ln\u00edch slev, bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f za v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 ceny atd.).<\/p>\n<p>Probl\u00e9m spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee implementace takov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu videoanalytiky je spojena s v\u00fdrazn\u00fdmi kapit\u00e1lov\u00fdmi a provozn\u00edmi n\u00e1klady. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm kamenem \u00farazu je rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f. Je jedna v\u011bc skenovat tv\u00e1\u0159 zep\u0159edu u pokladny p\u0159i bezkontaktn\u00ed platb\u011b, a \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e1 v\u011bc je v davu (v obchodn\u00edm s\u00e1le), z r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00fahl\u016f a za r\u016fzn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek osv\u011btlen\u00ed. Zde dostate\u010dnou \u00fa\u010dinnost dok\u00e1\u017ee prok\u00e1zat pouze trojrozm\u011brn\u00e9 modelov\u00e1n\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase s vyu\u017eit\u00edm stereokamer a algoritm\u016f strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed, co\u017e povede k nevyhnuteln\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee na celou infrastrukturu.<\/p>\n<p>S ohledem na to spole\u010dnost Western Digital vyvinula koncept Core to Edge storage for Surveillance, nab\u00edzej\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm kompletn\u00ed sadu modern\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro syst\u00e9my videonahr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eod kamery k serveru\u201c. Kombinace pokro\u010dil\u00fdch technologi\u00ed, spolehlivosti, kapacity a v\u00fdkonu umo\u017e\u0148uje vytvo\u0159it harmonickou ekosyst\u00e9m, schopn\u00fd vy\u0159e\u0161it prakticky jak\u00fdkoli stanoven\u00fd \u00fakol, a optimalizovat n\u00e1klady na jej\u00ed nasazen\u00ed a \u00fadr\u017ebu.<\/p>\n<p>Vlajkovou lod\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti je rodina specializovan\u00fdch pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f pro syst\u00e9my videon\u00e1boje WD Purple o kapacit\u011b od 1 do 18 terabajt\u016f. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed miln\u00edky v historii v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f videoregulace.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/fa9ea40648a108dec6823713bdcc59f9.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nDisky fialov\u00e9 s\u00e9rie byly speci\u00e1ln\u011b navr\u017eeny pro nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd provoz v syst\u00e9mech vysok\u00e9ho rozli\u0161en\u00ed videa a zahrnuj\u00ed posledn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchy spole\u010dnosti Western Digital v oblasti v\u00fdroby pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Platforma HelioSeal<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nVy\u0161\u0161\u00ed modely \u0159ady WD Purple s kapacitou od 8 do 18 TB jsou postaveny na platform\u011b HelioSeal. Sk\u0159\u00edn\u011b t\u011bchto disk\u016f jsou \u00fapln\u011b hermetick\u00e9 a hermetick\u00fd blok je vypln\u011bn nikoli vzduchem, ale z\u0159ed\u011bn\u00fdm heliem. Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed odporu plynn\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a turbulence umo\u017enilo zten\u010den\u00ed magnetick\u00fdch desek a dosa\u017een\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hustoty z\u00e1znamu metodou CMR d\u00edky zlep\u0161en\u00e9 p\u0159esnosti polohov\u00e1n\u00ed hlavy (s vyu\u017eit\u00edm technologie Advanced Format). V d\u016fsledku toho p\u0159echod na WD Purple zaji\u0161\u0165uje n\u00e1r\u016fst kapacity a\u017e o 75 % ve stejn\u00fdch r\u00e1mech, ani\u017e by bylo nutn\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1lovat infrastrukturu. Krom\u011b toho jsou disky s heliem o 58 % energeticky \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi HDD d\u00edky sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 spot\u0159eb\u011b energie pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k rozto\u010den\u00ed a ot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed v\u0159etena. Dal\u0161\u00ed \u00faspora je zaji\u0161t\u011bna sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm n\u00e1klad\u016f na klimatizaci: p\u0159i stejn\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei jsou disky WD Purple v pr\u016fm\u011bru o 5 \u00b0C chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e alternativy.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Technologie AllFrame AI<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nI drobn\u00e9 v\u00fdpadky b\u011bhem z\u00e1znamu mohou v\u00e9st ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b kritick\u00fdch video dat, co\u017e znemo\u017e\u0148uje n\u00e1slednou anal\u00fdzu z\u00edskan\u00fdch informac\u00ed. Aby se tomu p\u0159ede\u0161lo, byla v r\u00e1mci firmwaru disk\u016f \u201efialov\u00e9\u201c s\u00e9rie implementov\u00e1na podpora voliteln\u00e9 funkce Streaming Feature Set protokolu ATA. Mezi jej\u00ed mo\u017enosti pat\u0159\u00ed optimalizace vyu\u017eit\u00ed cache v z\u00e1vislosti na po\u010dtu zpracov\u00e1van\u00fdch video tok\u016f a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed priority vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dtec\u00edch\/zapisovac\u00edch p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f, co\u017e pom\u00e1h\u00e1 minimalizovat pravd\u011bpodobnost zme\u0161k\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u00edmk\u016f a v\u00fdskyt artefakt\u016f obrazu. Na opl\u00e1tku inovativn\u00ed set algoritm\u016f AllFrame AI umo\u017e\u0148uje vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f v syst\u00e9mech zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdznamn\u00fd po\u010det izochronn\u00edch tok\u016f: disky WD Purple podporuj\u00ed sou\u010dasnou pr\u00e1ci se 64  kamerami vysok\u00e9ho rozli\u0161en\u00ed a jsou optimalizov\u00e1ny pro syst\u00e9my s vysokou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed video anal\u00fdzy a Deep Learning.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Technologie Time Limited Error Recovery<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nJedn\u00edm z b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s vysoce zat\u00ed\u017een\u00fdmi <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/server\/dts-dusseldorf\/\"   title=\"servery\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3437\">servery<\/a> je spont\u00e1nn\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed RAID pole, kter\u00e9 je zp\u016fsobeno p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00edm povolen\u00e9ho \u010dasu na opravu chyb. Mo\u017enost Time Limited Error Recovery pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159edej\u00edt odpojen\u00ed HDD, pokud \u010dasov\u00fd limit p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed 7 sekund: aby se tomu zabr\u00e1nilo, disk vy\u0161le RAID kontrol\u00e9ru odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed sign\u00e1l, po n\u011bm\u017e bude procedura opravy odlo\u017eena a\u017e do doby ne\u010dinnosti syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Syst\u00e9m monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed Western Digital Device Analytics<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nKl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161it p\u0159i n\u00e1vrhu syst\u00e9m\u016f videook monitoring, zahrnuj\u00ed prodlou\u017een\u00ed doby bezporuchov\u00e9ho fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed doby v\u00fdpadku v d\u016fsledku z\u00e1vady. Pomoc\u00ed inovativn\u00edho softwarov\u00e9ho komplexu Western Digital Device Analytics (WDDA) m\u00e1 spr\u00e1vce p\u0159\u00edstup k cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b parametrick\u00fdch, opera\u010dn\u00edch a diagnostick\u00fdch dat o stavu disk\u016f, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje rychle identifikovat jak\u00e9koli probl\u00e9my v syst\u00e9mu videomonitorov\u00e1n\u00ed, pl\u00e1novat technickou \u00fadr\u017ebu a v\u010das identifikovat pevn\u00e9 disky, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba vym\u011bnit. To v\u0161e pom\u00e1h\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it odolnost bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed infrastruktury a minimalizovat riziko ztr\u00e1ty kritick\u00fdch dat.<\/p>\n<p>Speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro modern\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed kamery vyvinula spole\u010dnost Western Digital \u0159adu vysoce spolehliv\u00fdch pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch karet WD Purple. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd po\u010det p\u0159epis\u016f a odolnost v\u016f\u010di negativn\u00edm vliv\u016fm prost\u0159ed\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvat tyto karty v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch jak pro vnit\u0159n\u00ed, tak pro venkovn\u00ed kamery videomonitorov\u00e1n\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v r\u00e1mci autonomn\u00edch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, kde hraj\u00ed microSD karty roli hlavn\u00edch datov\u00fdch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed miln\u00edky v historii v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f videoregulace.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/1fe1d2ba3ef7ea83f050e65a7a400096.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nV sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b s\u00e9rie pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch karet WD Purple zahrnuje dv\u011b produktov\u00e9 \u0159ady: WD Purple QD102 a WD Purple SC QD312 Extreme Endurance. Prvn\u00ed obsahuje \u010dty\u0159i varianty flash pam\u011bt\u00ed s kapacitou od 32 do 256 GB. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s \u0159e\u0161en\u00edmi pro spot\u0159ebitele byly karty WD Purple speci\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsobeny modern\u00edm digit\u00e1ln\u00edm syst\u00e9m\u016fm videomonitorov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edky zaveden\u00ed cel\u00e9 \u0159ady d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch vylep\u0161en\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Odolnost v\u016f\u010di vlhkosti (v\u00fdrobek je schopen vydr\u017eet pono\u0159en\u00ed do hloubky a\u017e 1 metr ve sladk\u00e9 nebo slan\u00e9 vod\u011b) a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd rozsah pracovn\u00edch teplot (od -25 \u00b0C do +85 \u00b0C) umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed efektivn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed karet WD Purple pro vybaven\u00ed jak vnit\u0159n\u00edch, tak venkovn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro videoz\u00e1znam bez ohledu na pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed a klimatick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky;<\/li>\n<li>Ochrana p\u0159ed vlivem statick\u00fdch magnetick\u00fdch pol\u00ed s indukc\u00ed a\u017e 5000 Gs a odolnost v\u016f\u010di siln\u00fdm vibrac\u00edm a n\u00e1raz\u016fm a\u017e do 500 g zcela vylu\u010duj\u00ed mo\u017enost ztr\u00e1ty kritick\u00fdch dat i p\u0159i po\u0161kozen\u00ed videokamery;<\/li>\n<li>Zaru\u010den\u00fd po\u010det 1000 cykl\u016f programov\u00e1n\u00ed\/maz\u00e1n\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje mnohokr\u00e1t prodlou\u017eit \u017eivotnost pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch karet i v re\u017eimu nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9ho nahr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a t\u00edm podstatn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit provozn\u00ed n\u00e1klady na \u00fadr\u017ebu bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu;<\/li>\n<li>Funkce d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed pom\u00e1h\u00e1 rychle sledovat stav ka\u017ed\u00e9 karty a efektivn\u011bji pl\u00e1novat prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed servisn\u00edch prac\u00ed, co\u017e d\u00e1le zvy\u0161uje spolehlivost bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed infrastruktury;<\/li>\n<li>Shoda s rychlostn\u00edmi t\u0159\u00eddami UHS Speed Class 3 a Video Speed Class 30 (pro karty o objemu od 128 GB) \u010din\u00ed karty WD Purple vhodn\u00fdmi pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v kamer\u00e1ch s vysok\u00fdm rozli\u0161en\u00edm, v\u010detn\u011b panoramatick\u00fdch model\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u0158ada WD Purple SC QD312 Extreme Endurance zahrnuje t\u0159i modely: 64, 128 a 256 gigabajt\u016f. Na rozd\u00edl od WD Purple QD102 tyto pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 karty zvl\u00e1dnou podstatn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e: jejich pracovn\u00ed \u017eivotnost \u010din\u00ed 3000 cykl\u016f P\/E, co\u017e \u010din\u00ed tato flash \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b ide\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm pro pou\u017eit\u00ed na zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch objektech, kde se nahr\u00e1v\u00e1 v re\u017eimu 24\/7.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/wd\/blog\/523652\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":97329,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-97328","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vazhnejshie-vehi-v-istorii-razvitiya-sistem-videonablyudeniya\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" 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