{"id":98045,"date":"2020-10-23T20:42:30","date_gmt":"2020-10-23T18:42:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/zavodim-gnu-linux-na-arm-plate-s-nulya-na-primere-kali-i-imx-6"},"modified":"2020-11-18T00:58:48","modified_gmt":"2020-11-17T22:58:48","slug":"zavodim-gnu-linux-na-arm-plate-s-nulya-na-primere-kali-i-imx-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/zavodim-gnu-linux-na-arm-plate-s-nulya-na-primere-kali-i-imx-6","title":{"rendered":"Zprovoz\u0148ujeme GNU\/Linux na ARM desce od nuly (na p\u0159\u00edkladu Kali a iMX.6)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

tl;dr<\/b>: shroma\u017e\u010fuji obraz Kali Linux pro ARM po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, v programu debootstrap<\/code>, linux <\/code>a u-boot<\/code>.<\/p>\n

\"Zprovoz\u0148ujeme<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Pokud jste zakoupili n\u011bjakou m\u00e9n\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u00ed jednodeskovou desku, mohli jste se setkat s nedostatkem obrazu va\u0161eho obl\u00edben\u00e9ho distribuce. Podobn\u00e1 situace nastala s pl\u00e1novan\u00fdm Flipper One<\/a><\/noindex>. Kali Linux pro IMX6 prost\u011b neexistuje (p\u0159ipravuji), tak\u017ee jej mus\u00edm sestavit s\u00e1m.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Proces zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed je pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00fd:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Zah\u00e1j\u00ed se hardware.<\/li>\n
  2. Z ur\u010dit\u00e9 oblasti na pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (SD karta\/eMMC\/etc) se na\u010dte a vykon\u00e1 zav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed program.<\/li>\n
  3. Zav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed program hled\u00e1 j\u00e1dro opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 jej do ur\u010dit\u00e9 oblasti pam\u011bti a vykon\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/li>\n
  4. J\u00e1dro na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 cel\u00fd zbytek OS.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nPro moji \u00falohu sta\u010d\u00ed takov\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 podrobnost\u00ed, podrobnosti m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst v jin\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku<\/a><\/noindex>. V\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 \u201en\u011bkter\u00e9\u201c oblasti se li\u0161\u00ed desku od desky, co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje ur\u010dit\u00e9 obt\u00ed\u017ee s instalac\u00ed. Zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed serverov\u00fdch ARM platforem se sna\u017e\u00ed standardizovat<\/a><\/noindex> pomoc\u00ed UEFI, ale zat\u00edm to nen\u00ed pro v\u0161echny dostupn\u00e9, tak\u017ee bude pot\u0159eba v\u0161e shrom\u00e1\u017edit jednotliv\u011b.<\/p>\n

    Sestaven\u00ed ko\u0159enov\u00e9ho souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/h3>\n

    \nNejprve je t\u0159eba p\u0159ipravit odd\u00edly. Das U-Boot podporuje r\u016fzn\u00e9 FS, vybral jsem FAT32 pro \/boot<\/code> a ext3 pro ko\u0159en, co\u017e je standardn\u00ed rozvr\u017een\u00ed obraz\u016f pro Kali na ARM. Pou\u017eiji GNU Parted, ale m\u016f\u017eete to ud\u011blat tak\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edho fdisk<\/code>. Tak\u00e9 budou pot\u0159eba dosfstools<\/code> a e2fsprogs<\/code> pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed FS: apt install parted dosfstools e2fsprogs<\/code>.<\/p>\n

    Rozd\u011blujeme SD kartu:<\/b><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Oz ozna\u010dujeme SD kartu jako vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed MBR rozd\u011blen\u00ed: parted -s \/dev\/mmcblk0 mklabel msdos<\/code><\/li>\n
    2. Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme odd\u00edl pro \/boot<\/code> na 128 megabajt\u016f: parted -s \/dev\/mmcblk0 mkpart primary fat32 1MiB 128MiB<\/code>. Prvn\u00ed vynechan\u00fd megabajt je nutn\u00e9 ponechat pro samotn\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed a zav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed program.<\/li>\n
    3. Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme ko\u0159enov\u00fd FS na cel\u00e9 zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed kapacit\u011b: parted -s \/dev\/mmcblk0 mkpart primary ext4 128MiB 100%<\/code><\/li>\n
    4. Pokud se n\u00e1hodou soubory odd\u00edl\u016f nevytvo\u0159ily nebo se nezm\u011bnily, je t\u0159eba prov\u00e9st `partprobe`, pot\u00e9 se tabulka odd\u00edl\u016f p\u0159e\u010dte znovu.<\/li>\n
    5. Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m zav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00edho odd\u00edlu s ozna\u010den\u00edm BOOT<\/code>: mkfs.vfat -n BOOT -F 32 -v \/dev\/mmcblk0p1<\/code><\/li>\n
    6. Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme ko\u0159enov\u00fd FS s ozna\u010den\u00edm ROOTFS<\/code>: mkfs.ext3 -L ROOTFS \/dev\/mmcblk0p2<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \nSkv\u011ble, nyn\u00ed jej m\u016f\u017eeme naplnit. K tomu bude nav\u00edc pot\u0159eba debootstrap<\/code>, utilita pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed ko\u0159enov\u00fdch FS Debianov\u00fdch opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f: apt install debootstrap<\/code>.<\/p>\n

      Sestavujeme FS:<\/b><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. P\u0159ipoj\u00edme odd\u00edl do \/mnt\/<\/code> (pou\u017eijte pro v\u00e1s pohodln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsto p\u0159ipojen\u00ed): mount \/dev\/mmcblk0p2 \/mnt<\/code><\/li>\n
      2. Vypl\u0148ujeme souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m: debootstrap --foreign --include=qemu-user-static --arch armhf kali-rolling \/mnt\/ http:\/\/http.kali.org\/kali<\/code>. Parametr --include<\/code> specifikuje dodate\u010dn\u00e9 instalace n\u011bkter\u00fdch bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f, zahrnul jsem staticky zkompilovan\u00fd emul\u00e1tor QEMU. Ten umo\u017e\u0148uje prov\u00e1d\u011bt chroot<\/code> do ARM prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Smysl ostatn\u00edch voleb si m\u016f\u017eete prohl\u00e9dnout na man debootstrap<\/code>. Nezapome\u0148te, \u017ee ne ka\u017ed\u00e1 ARM deska podporuje architekturu armhf<\/code>.<\/li>\n
      3. Vzhledem k rozd\u00edlu v architektur\u00e1ch debootstrap<\/code> se prov\u00e1d\u00ed ve dvou f\u00e1z\u00edch, druh\u00e1 se prov\u00e1d\u00ed takto: chroot \/mnt\/ \/debootstrap\/debootstrap --second-stage<\/code><\/li>\n
      4. Te\u010f je pot\u0159eba se chrootnout: chroot \/mnt \/bin\/bash<\/code><\/li>\n
      5. Vypl\u0148ujeme \/etc\/hosts<\/code> a \/etc\/hostname<\/code> c\u00edlov\u00fd FS. Vypl\u0148te obdobn\u011b jako obsah na va\u0161em lok\u00e1ln\u00edm po\u010d\u00edta\u010di, nezapome\u0148te jen zm\u011bnit n\u00e1zev hostitele.<\/li>\n
      6. M\u016f\u017eete doladit v\u0161e ostatn\u00ed. Zejm\u00e9na j\u00e1 doinstaluji locales<\/code> (kl\u00ed\u010de repozit\u00e1\u0159e), p\u0159enastavuji lokalizace a \u010dasov\u00e9 p\u00e1smo (dpkg-reconfigure locales tzdata<\/code>). Nezapome\u0148te nastavit heslo p\u0159\u00edkazem passwd<\/code>.<\/li>\n
      7. Nastavujeme heslo pro root<\/code> p\u0159\u00edkazem passwd<\/code>.<\/li>\n
      8. P\u0159\u00edpravy obrazu pro m\u011b kon\u010d\u00ed vypln\u011bn\u00edm \/etc\/fstab<\/code> uvnit\u0159 \/mnt\/<\/code>. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \nBudu nahr\u00e1vat podle d\u0159\u00edve vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch zna\u010dek, tak\u017ee obsah bude n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n

        LABEL=ROOTFS \/ auto errors=remount-ro 0 1
        \n LABEL=BOOT \/boot auto defaults 0 0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

        \nNakonec m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159imontovat spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed odd\u00edl, kter\u00fd budeme pot\u0159ebovat pro j\u00e1dro: `mount \/dev\/mmcblk0p1 \/mnt\/boot\/`<\/p>\n

        Sestaven\u00ed Linuxu<\/h3>\n

        \nPro sestaven\u00ed j\u00e1dra (a pot\u00e9 bootloaderu) na Debian Testing je pot\u0159eba nainstalovat standardn\u00ed sadu GCC, GNU Make a hlavi\u010dkov\u00fdch soubor\u016f GNU C Library pro c\u00edlovou architekturu (u m\u011b armhf<\/code>), a tak\u00e9 hlavi\u010dky OpenSSL, konzolov\u00fd kalkul\u00e1tor bc<\/code>, bison<\/code> a flex<\/code>: apt install crossbuild-essential-armhf bison flex libssl-dev bc<\/code>. Proto\u017ee bootloader implicitn\u011b hled\u00e1 soubor zImage<\/code> na souborov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu bootovac\u00edho odd\u00edlu, je na \u010dase rozd\u011blit flash disk.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Klonov\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1dra trv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho, tak\u017ee si ho jednodu\u0161e st\u00e1hnu: wget https:\/\/cdn.kernel.org\/pub\/linux\/kernel\/v5.x\/linux-5.9.1.tar.xz<\/code>. Rozbal\u00edme a p\u0159ejdeme do adres\u00e1\u0159e se zdrojov\u00fdmi k\u00f3dy: tar -xf linux-5.9.1.tar.xz && cd linux-5.9.1<\/code><\/li>\n
        2. Konfigurujeme p\u0159ed kompilac\u00ed: make ARCH=arm KBUILD_DEFCONFIG=imx_v6_v7_defconfig defconfig<\/code>. Konfigurace se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v adres\u00e1\u0159i arch\/arm\/configs\/<\/code>. Pokud takov\u00fd nen\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eete zkusit naj\u00edt a st\u00e1hnout hotov\u00fd a p\u0159edat n\u00e1zev souboru v tomto adres\u00e1\u0159i v parametru KBUILD_DEFCONFIG<\/code>. V krajn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159ejd\u011bte rovnou k dal\u0161\u00edmu bodu.<\/li>\n
        3. Voliteln\u011b lze doladit nastaven\u00ed: make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- menuconfig<\/code><\/li>\n
        4. A cross-kompilujeme obraz: make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf-<\/code><\/li>\n
        5. Te\u010f m\u016f\u017eeme zkop\u00edrovat soubor s j\u00e1drem: cp arch\/arm\/boot\/zImage \/mnt\/boot\/<\/code><\/li>\n
        6. A soubory s DeviceTree (popis aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho hardware na desce): cp arch\/arm\/boot\/dts\/*.dtb \/mnt\/boot\/<\/code><\/li>\n
        7. A nainstalovat moduly sestaven\u00e9 jako samostatn\u00e9 soubory: make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- INSTALL_MOD_PATH=\/mnt\/ modules_install<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \nJ\u00e1dro je p\u0159ipraveno. M\u016f\u017eete v\u0161echno odpojit: umount \/mnt\/boot\/ \/mnt\/<\/code><\/p>\n

          Das U-Boot<\/h2>\n

          \nJeliko\u017e je bootloader interaktivn\u00ed, pro ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed jeho funkce posta\u010duje samotn\u00e1 deska, pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a voliteln\u011b za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed USB-to-UART. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee j\u00e1dro a opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m mohou b\u00fdt odlo\u017eeny na pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n

          Absolutn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161ina v\u00fdrobc\u016f doporu\u010duje pou\u017e\u00edt Das U-Boot pro prim\u00e1rn\u00ed na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed. Pln\u00e1 podpora je obvykle zaji\u0161t\u011bna ve vlastn\u00edm forku, ale nezapom\u00ednaj\u00ed ani p\u0159isp\u00edvat do upstreamu. V m\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je deska podporov\u00e1na v hlavn\u00edm d\u011bjin\u011b<\/a><\/noindex>, proto fork<\/a><\/noindex> jsem to ignoroval.<\/p>\n

          Sestavujeme samotn\u00fd bootloader:<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Kl\u00f3rujeme stabiln\u00ed v\u011btev repozit\u00e1\u0159e: git clone https:\/\/gitlab.denx.de\/u-boot\/u-boot.git -b v2020.10<\/code><\/li>\n
          2. P\u0159ejdeme do samotn\u00e9ho adres\u00e1\u0159e: cd u-boot<\/code><\/li>\n
          3. P\u0159iprav\u00edme konfiguraci sestaven\u00ed: make mx6ull_14x14_evk_defconfig<\/code>. To funguje pouze tehdy, pokud je konfigurace obsa\u017eena v samotn\u00e9m Das U-Boot, jinak budete pot\u0159ebovat naj\u00edt konfiguraci v\u00fdrobce a um\u00edstit ji do ko\u0159enov\u00e9ho adres\u00e1\u0159e repozit\u00e1\u0159e do souboru .config<\/code>, nebo sestavit jinak doporu\u010den\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem v\u00fdrobce.<\/li>\n
          4. Sestavujeme samotn\u00fd obraz bootloaderu cross-kompil\u00e1torem armhf<\/code>: make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- u-boot.imx<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \nV d\u016fsledku toho dostaneme soubor u-boot.imx<\/code>, to je hotov\u00fd obraz, kter\u00fd lze zapsat na USB flash disk. Zapisujeme na SD kartu, vynech\u00e1me prvn\u00edch 1024 bajt\u016f. Pro\u010d jsem zvolil c\u00edl u-boot.imx<\/code>? \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e 1024 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430? \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 dokumentaci<\/a><\/noindex>. Pro jin\u00e9 desky se proces sestaven\u00ed obrazu a z\u00e1pisu m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edrn\u011b li\u0161it.<\/p>\n

            Hotovo, m\u016f\u017eete se spustit. Bootloader by m\u011bl ozn\u00e1mit svou vlastn\u00ed verzi, n\u011bjak\u00e9 informace o desce a pokusit se naj\u00edt obraz j\u00e1dra na odd\u00edlu. Pokud se to nepovede, pokus\u00ed se spustit p\u0159es s\u00ed\u0165. Celkov\u011b je v\u00fdstup dost podrobn\u00fd, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b probl\u00e9m\u016f lze naj\u00edt chybu.<\/p>\n

            Na z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

            \nA v\u011bd\u011bli jste, \u017ee \u010delo delf\u00edna nen\u00ed kost\u011bn\u00e9? Je to doslova t\u0159et\u00ed oko, tukov\u00e1 \u010do\u010dka pro echolokaci!<\/p>\n

            \"Zprovoz\u0148ujeme<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

            \"Zprovoz\u0148ujeme<\/a><\/noindex>
            \n
            Zdroj:             habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            tl;dr: \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 Kali Linux \u0434\u043b\u044f ARM-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0435 debootstrap, linux \u0438 u-boot. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c Flipper One. Kali Linux \u043f\u043e\u0434 IMX6 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442\u0443 (\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044e), \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":98046,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-98045","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47 Spou\u0161t\u00edme GNU\/Linux na ARM desce od nuly (na p\u0159\u00edkladu Kali a iMX.6) | ProHoster","description":"tl;dr: Sestavuji obraz Kali Linux pro ARM po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, v programu debootstrap, linux a 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