{"id":99149,"date":"2021-02-16T16:22:46","date_gmt":"2021-02-16T14:22:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-11"},"modified":"2021-02-16T16:22:46","modified_gmt":"2021-02-16T14:22:46","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-5-11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-11","title":{"rendered":"Uvoln\u011bn\u00ed j\u00e1dra Linux 5.11","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po dvou m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdvoje p\u0159edstavil Linus Torvalds vyd\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1dra Linux 5.11. Mezi nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi zm\u011bnami: podpora enclaves Intel SGX, nov\u00fd mechanismus zachyt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed, virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed sb\u011brnice auxiliary, z\u00e1kaz sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed modul\u016f bez MODULE_LICENSE(), re\u017eim rychl\u00e9ho filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed v seccomp, ukon\u010den\u00ed podpory architektury ia64, p\u0159esun technologie WiMAX do v\u011btve &#171;staging&#187;, mo\u017enost enkapsulace SCTP do UDP.      <\/p>\n<p>Do nov\u00e9 verze bylo p\u0159ijato 15480 oprav od 1991 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, velikost patche &#8212; 72 MB (zm\u011bny zas\u00e1hly 12090 soubor\u016f, p\u0159id\u00e1no 868025 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f k\u00f3du, odstran\u011bno 261456 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f). P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 46 % v\u0161ech zm\u011bn v 5.11 se t\u00fdk\u00e1 ovlada\u010d\u016f za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, zhruba 16 % zm\u011bn souvis\u00ed s aktualizac\u00ed k\u00f3du specifick\u00e9ho pro hardwarov\u00e9 architektury, 13 % se t\u00fdk\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho z\u00e1sobn\u00edku, 3 % &#8212; s \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u00fdmi \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 a 4 % s intern\u00edmi subsyst\u00e9my j\u00e1dra.         <\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed novinky:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Diskov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m, vstup\/v\u00fdstup a souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V Btrfs bylo p\u0159id\u00e1no n\u011bkolik montovac\u00edch voleb pro obnovu dat z po\u0161kozen\u00e9ho FS: &#171;rescue=ignorebadroots&#187; pro montov\u00e1n\u00ed i p\u0159es po\u0161kozen\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch ko\u0159enov\u00fdch strom\u016f (extent, uuid, data reloc, device, csum, free space), &#171;rescue=ignoredatacsums&#187; pro vypnut\u00ed kontroly kontroln\u00edch sou\u010dt\u016f pro data a &#171;rescue=all&#187; pro sou\u010dasn\u00e9 zapnut\u00ed re\u017eim\u016f &#8216;ignorebadroots&#8217;, &#8216;ignoredatacsums&#8217; a &#8216;nologreplay&#8217;. Byla ukon\u010dena podpora montovac\u00ed mo\u017enosti &#171;inode_cache&#187;, kter\u00e1 byla d\u0159\u00edve ozna\u010dena jako zastaral\u00e1. Byla provedena p\u0159\u00edprava k\u00f3du pro implementaci podpory blok\u016f s metadaty a daty men\u0161\u00edmi ne\u017e str\u00e1nka (PAGE_SIZE), stejn\u011b jako podpora re\u017eimu z\u00f3nov\u00e9 alokace m\u00edsta. Nebufferovan\u00e9 (Direct IO) po\u017eadavky byly p\u0159evedeny na infrastrukturu iomap. Byly optimalizov\u00e1ny v\u00fdkony \u0159ady operac\u00ed, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee zrychlen\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout des\u00edtek procent.\n<li class=\"l\"> V XFS byl implementov\u00e1n flag &#171;needsrepair&#187;, kter\u00fd signalizuje pot\u0159ebu obnovy. P\u0159i nastaven\u00ed tohoto flagu nelze FS p\u0159imontovat, dokud nebude flag resetov\u00e1n utilitou xfs_repair.\n<li class=\"l\"> V Ext4 byly navr\u017eeny pouze opravy chyb a optimalizace, odborn\u00e9 \u00fapravy k\u00f3du.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl povolen op\u011btovn\u00fd export souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f p\u0159imontovan\u00fdch p\u0159es NFS (tj. odd\u00edl p\u0159imontovan\u00fd p\u0159es NFS lze nyn\u00ed exportovat p\u0159es NFS a pou\u017e\u00edt jako mezipam\u011b\u0165).\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed close_range() byla p\u0159id\u00e1na volba CLOSE_RANGE_CLOEXEC, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje procesu uzav\u0159\u00edt cel\u00fd rozsah otev\u0159en\u00fdch souborov\u00fdch descriptor\u016f v re\u017eimu close-on-exec.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu F2FS byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny nov\u00e9 vol\u00e1n\u00ed ioctl(), kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9mu prostoru \u0159\u00eddit, kter\u00e9 soubory jsou ukl\u00e1d\u00e1ny v komprimovan\u00e9 podob\u011b. Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mont\u00e1\u017en\u00ed volba \"compress_mode=\" pro v\u00fdb\u011br um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed komprese bu\u010f na stran\u011b j\u00e1dra, nebo v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla umo\u017en\u011bna mont\u00e1\u017e Overlayfs neprivilegovan\u00fdmi procesy pomoc\u00ed samostatn\u00e9ho prostoru identifik\u00e1tor\u016f u\u017eivatel\u016f (user namespace). Pro ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed souladu s implementac\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho modelu byla provedena komplexn\u00ed revize k\u00f3du. Do Overlayfs byla tak\u00e9 p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed s pou\u017eit\u00edm kopi\u00ed obraz\u016f souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu pomoc\u00ed voliteln\u00e9ho vypnut\u00ed kontroly UUID.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu Ceph byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora protokolu msgr2.1, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edt algoritmus AES-GCM p\u0159i p\u0159enosu dat v za\u0161ifrovan\u00e9 podob\u011b.\n<li class=\"l\"> V modulu dm-multipath byla implementov\u00e1na mo\u017enost zohledn\u011bn\u00ed vazby na CPU (\"IO affinity\") p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru trasy pro vstupn\u00ed\/v\u00fdstupn\u00ed po\u017eadavky.                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pam\u011b\u0165 a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n nov\u00fd mechanismus pro odchyt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00fd na prctl(), kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje z u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru generovat v\u00fdjimky p\u0159i vol\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed a emulovat jeho prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed. Tato funk\u010dnost je po\u017eadov\u00e1na v programech Wine a Proton pro emulaci syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed Windows, co\u017e je nezbytn\u00e9 pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kompatibility s hrami a programy, kter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 vol\u00e1n\u00ed mimo Windows API (nap\u0159\u00edklad pro ochranu p\u0159ed neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdm pou\u017eit\u00edm).\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed userfaultfd(), ur\u010den\u00e9ho pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed page faults (p\u0159\u00edstup k nealokovan\u00fdm str\u00e1nk\u00e1m pam\u011bti) v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru, byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost vypnout zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdjimek vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch na \u00farovni j\u00e1dra, aby se zt\u00ed\u017eila exploatace n\u011bkter\u00fdch zranitelnost\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do subsyst\u00e9mu BPF byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora lok\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b dat pro \u00falohy (task-local storage), kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uje vazbu dat na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed BPF zpracovatel.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00da\u010detn\u00ed syst\u00e9m spot\u0159eby pam\u011bti programy BPF byl kompletn\u011b p\u0159epracov\u00e1n \u2014 pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed pam\u011bti v objektech BPF byl m\u00edsto memlock rlimit navr\u017een controller cgroup.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do mechanismu BTF (BPF Type Format), kter\u00fd poskytuje informace pro ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed typ\u016f v pseudok\u00f3du BPF, byla implementov\u00e1na podpora j\u00e1drov\u00fdch modul\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do rozhran\u00ed asynchronn\u00edho I\/O io_uring byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed shutdown(), renameat2() a unlinkat(). P\u0159i vol\u00e1n\u00ed io_uring_enter() byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost specifikace \u010dasov\u00e9ho limitu (podporu parametru pro specifikaci \u010dasov\u00e9ho limitu lze zkontrolovat pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaku IORING_FEAT_EXT_ARG).\n<li class=\"l\"> Architektura ia64, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 v procesorech Intel Itanium, byla p\u0159evedena do kategorie opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch (\"orphaned\"), co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee testov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo ukon\u010deno. Spole\u010dnost Hewlett Packard Enterprise p\u0159estala p\u0159ij\u00edmat objedn\u00e1vky na nov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Itanium, zat\u00edmco Intel to ud\u011blal u\u017e minul\u00fd rok.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla ukon\u010dena podpora syst\u00e9m\u016f zalo\u017een\u00fdch na architektu\u0159e MicroBlaze, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9ho \u0159adi\u010de (MMU). Takov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my se ji\u017e dlouho v praxi nevyskytuj\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro architekturu MIPS byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora testov\u00e1n\u00ed pokryt\u00ed k\u00f3du (coverage testing) pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1stroje gcov.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed sb\u011brnice auxiliary pro interakci s multifunk\u010dn\u00edmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi, kter\u00e1 kombinuj\u00ed funkce vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 ovlada\u010de (nap\u0159\u00edklad s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 karty s podporou Ethernet a RDMA). Sb\u011brnice m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eita k p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u00edho a sekund\u00e1rn\u00edho ovlada\u010de za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kdy\u017e je problematick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed subsyst\u00e9mu MFD (Multi-Function Devices).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro architekturu RISC-V byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora syst\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vy pam\u011bti CMA (Contiguous Memory Allocator), kter\u00fd je optimalizov\u00e1n na vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed velk\u00fdch nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fdch oblast\u00ed pam\u011bti pomoc\u00ed techniky p\u0159esouv\u00e1n\u00ed str\u00e1nek pam\u011bti. Pro RISC-V byly tak\u00e9 implementov\u00e1ny prost\u0159edky pro omezen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k \/dev\/mem a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed doby zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro 32bitov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my ARM byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora ladic\u00edho n\u00e1stroje KASan (Kernel address sanitizer), kter\u00fd zaji\u0161\u0165uje odhalen\u00ed chyb p\u0159i manipulaci s pam\u011bt\u00ed. Pro 64bitov\u00e9 ARM byla implementace KASan p\u0159evedena na pou\u017eit\u00ed tag\u016f MTE (MemTag).\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n syst\u00e9mov\u00fd vol\u00e1n\u00ed epoll_pwait2(), kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edvat \u010dasov\u00e9 limity s nanosekuntovou p\u0159esnost\u00ed (vol\u00e1n\u00ed epoll_wait manipuluj\u00ed s milisekundami).\n<li class=\"l\"> V syst\u00e9mu sestaven\u00ed byla zavedena chybov\u00e1 hl\u00e1\u0161ka p\u0159i pokusu o sestaven\u00ed na\u010dten\u00fdch modul\u016f j\u00e1dra, ve kter\u00fdch nebyla pomoc\u00ed makra MODULE_LICENSE() ur\u010dena licence na k\u00f3d. Chyba p\u0159i sestaven\u00ed nyn\u00ed tak\u00e9 nastane p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed makra EXPORT_SYMBOL() pro statick\u00e9 funkce.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora mapov\u00e1n\u00ed objekt\u016f GEM z pam\u011bti vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pro vstup\/v\u00fdstup, co\u017e umo\u017enilo urychlit pr\u00e1ci s framebufferem na n\u011bkter\u00fdch architektur\u00e1ch.\n<li class=\"l\"> V Kconfig byla ukon\u010dena podpora Qt4 (podpora Qt5, GTK a Ncurses z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1).                  <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualizace a bezpe\u010dnost<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed seccomp() byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora re\u017eimu rychl\u00e9 reakce, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje velmi rychle zjistit, zda je ur\u010dit\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 vol\u00e1n\u00ed povoleno nebo zak\u00e1z\u00e1no na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159ipojen\u00e9 tabulky opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed (bitmapa konstantn\u00edch akc\u00ed), kter\u00e1 nevy\u017eaduje spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zpracovatele BPF.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byly integrov\u00e1ny komponenty j\u00e1dra pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a spr\u00e1vu encl\u00e1v\u016f na b\u00e1zi technologie Intel SGX (Software Guard eXtensions), kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje aplikac\u00edm vykon\u00e1vat k\u00f3d v izolovan\u00fdch za\u0161ifrovan\u00fdch oblastech pam\u011bti, k nim\u017e je p\u0159\u00edstup ostatn\u00ed syst\u00e9my omezen.\n<li class=\"l\"> V r\u00e1mci iniciativy omezuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru k registr\u016fm MSR (model-specific register) byla zak\u00e1z\u00e1na z\u00e1pis do registru MSR_IA32_ENERGY_PERF_BIAS, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje zm\u011bnit re\u017eim energetick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti procesoru (\"normal\", \"performance\", \"powersave\").\n<li class=\"l\"> Z v\u011btve kernel-rt pro syst\u00e9my re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho \u010dasu byla p\u0159enesena mo\u017enost zak\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed migrace vysoce prioritn\u00edch \u00faloh mezi CPU.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro syst\u00e9my ARM64 byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost aplikace \u0161t\u00edtk\u016f MTE (MemTag, Memory Tagging Extension) pro adresy pam\u011bti obsluhova\u010d\u016f sign\u00e1l\u016f. Pou\u017eit\u00ed MTE se aktivuje zad\u00e1n\u00edm mo\u017enosti SA_EXPOSE_TAGBITS v sigaction() a umo\u017e\u0148uje organizovat kontrolu spr\u00e1vnosti pou\u017eit\u00ed ukazatel\u016f pro blokaci zneu\u017eit\u00ed zranitelnost\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstupem k ji\u017e uvoln\u011bn\u00fdm blok\u016fm pam\u011bti, p\u0159ete\u010den\u00edmi buffer\u016f, p\u0159\u00edstupy p\u0159ed inicializac\u00ed a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm mimo aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed kontext.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n parametr \"DM_VERITY_VERIFY_ROOTHASH_SIG_SECONDARY_KEYRING\", kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje subsyst\u00e9mu dm-verity kontrolovat hashov\u00e9 podpisy certifik\u00e1t\u016f um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch ve sekund\u00e1rn\u00edm \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f (keyring). V praxi toto nastaven\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje verifikovat nejen certifik\u00e1ty zabudovan\u00e9 do j\u00e1dra, ale i certifik\u00e1ty na\u010dten\u00e9 b\u011bhem chodu, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje aktualizovat certifik\u00e1ty bez nutnosti aktualizace cel\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra.\n<li class=\"l\"> V User-mode Linux byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora re\u017eimu suspend-to-idle, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje zmrazen\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu SIGUSR1 k probuzen\u00ed ze sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9ho re\u017eimu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do mechanismu virtio-mem, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje hork\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed a odpojen\u00ed pam\u011bti k virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm stroj\u016fm, byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora re\u017eimu velk\u00fdch blok\u016f (BBM, Big Block Mode), co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nebo odeb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti ve bloc\u00edch p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch velikost bloku j\u00e1drov\u00e9 pam\u011bti, co\u017e je nezbytn\u00e9 pro optimalizaci VFIO v QEMU.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do implementace TLS na \u00farovni j\u00e1dra byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora \u0161ifrovac\u00edho algoritmu CHACHA20-POLY1305.      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 subsyst\u00e9m<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro 802.1Q (VLAN) byl implementov\u00e1n mechanismus spr\u00e1vy poruch p\u0159ipojen\u00ed (CFM, Connectivity Fault Management), kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje detekci, ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a izolaci poruch v s\u00edt\u00edch s virtu\u00e1ln\u00edmi mosty (Virtual Bridged Networks). Nap\u0159\u00edklad CFM m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eit k lokalizaci probl\u00e9m\u016f v s\u00edt\u00edch, kter\u00e9 zahrnuj\u00ed n\u011bkolik nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch organizac\u00ed, jejich\u017e zam\u011bstnanci maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup pouze k vlastn\u00edmu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora enkapsulace paketu protokolu SCTP do UDP paket\u016f (RFC 6951), co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje vyu\u017eit\u00ed SCTP v s\u00edt\u00edch se star\u00fdmi p\u0159eklada\u010di adres, kter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo nepodporuj\u00ed SCTP, a tak\u00e9 implementaci SCTP na syst\u00e9mech, kter\u00e9 nenab\u00edzej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup na \u00farovni IP.\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementace technologie WiMAX byla p\u0159esunuta do stagingu a v budoucnu je pl\u00e1nov\u00e1no odstran\u011bn\u00ed, pokud se nenajdou u\u017eivatel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed WiMAX pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed. WiMAX se ji\u017e nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00edch a v j\u00e1d\u0159e z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jedin\u00fdm ovlada\u010dem, s n\u00edm\u017e lze WiMAX pou\u017e\u00edvat, zastaral\u00fd ovlada\u010d Intel 2400m. V s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9m konfigura\u010dn\u00edm n\u00e1stroji NetworkManager byla podpora WiMAX ukon\u010dena v roce 2015. V sou\u010dasnosti je WiMAX prakticky \u00fapln\u011b nahrazen takov\u00fdmi technologiemi, jako jsou LTE, HSPA+ a Wi-Fi 802.11n.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla provedena optimalizace v\u00fdkonu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edho TCP provozu v re\u017eimu zerocopy, tj. bez nutnosti dal\u0161\u00edho kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed do nov\u00fdch buffer\u016f. Pro provoz st\u0159edn\u00ed velikosti, pokr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed des\u00edtky nebo n\u011bkolik stovek kilobajt\u016f dat, se uplatn\u011bn\u00ed zerocopy m\u00edsto recvmsg() ukazuje jako v\u00fdrazn\u011b efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad realizovan\u00e9 zm\u011bny umo\u017enily zv\u00fd\u0161it efektivitu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed RPC provozu se zpr\u00e1vami o velikosti 32 kB p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed zerocopy o 60-70%.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny nov\u00e9 vol\u00e1n\u00ed ioctl() pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch most\u016f pokr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00edce kan\u00e1l\u016f PPP. Navrhovan\u00e1 funkce umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159esun r\u00e1mc\u016f z jednoho kan\u00e1lu do druh\u00e9ho, nap\u0159\u00edklad z PPPoE do relace PPPoL2TP.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010duje integrace do j\u00e1dra MPTCP (MultiPath TCP), roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed protokolu TCP pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed TCP spojen\u00ed s doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm paket\u016f sou\u010dasn\u011b p\u0159es v\u00edce tras prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed v\u00e1zan\u00fdch na r\u016fzn\u00e9 IP adresy. V nov\u00e9m vyd\u00e1n\u00ed byla implementov\u00e1na podpora volby ADD_ADDR pro ozn\u00e1men\u00ed dostupn\u00fdch <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"IP adress\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"829\">IP adress<\/a> ke kter\u00fdm je mo\u017en\u00e9 se p\u0159ipojit p\u0159i p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch tok\u016f k existuj\u00edc\u00edmu spojen\u00ed MPTCP.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost nastaven\u00ed akc\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed rozpo\u010dtu pollingov\u00fdch spojen\u00ed (busy-polling). D\u0159\u00edve dostupn\u00fd re\u017eim SO_BUSY_POLL p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dal p\u0159epnut\u00ed na softirq p\u0159i vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed rozpo\u010dtu. Pro aplikace, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed pokra\u010dovat v pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pollingu, byla navr\u017eena nov\u00e1 volba SO_PREFER_BUSY_POLL.\n<li class=\"l\"> V IPv6 byla implementov\u00e1na podpora re\u017eim\u016f SRv6 End.DT4 a End.DT6, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed v\u00edceu\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch IPv4 L3 <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"155\">VPN<\/a> a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed VRF (Virtual routing and forwarding).\n<li class=\"l\"> V Netfilter byla sjednocena implementace v\u00fdraz\u016f set, co\u017e umo\u017enilo stanovit mo\u017enost uveden\u00ed n\u011bkolika v\u00fdraz\u016f pro ka\u017ed\u00fd element set-seznam\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> V bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9m z\u00e1sobn\u00edku 802.11 byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny API pro nastaven\u00ed omezen\u00ed v\u00fdkonu SAR a tak\u00e9 parametr\u016f AE PWE a HE MCS. V ovlada\u010di Intel iwlwifi byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora p\u00e1sma 6GHz (Ultra High Band). V ovlada\u010di Qualcomm Ath11k byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora technologie rychl\u00e9ho nastaven\u00ed spojen\u00ed FILS (Fast Initial Link Setup, standardizov\u00e1no jako IEEE 802.11ai), kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje zbavit se zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i roamingu b\u011bhem migrace z jednoho p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu na jin\u00fd.   <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Hardware<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovlada\u010di amdgpu byla implementov\u00e1na podpora APU AMD \"Green Sardine\" (Ryzen 5000) a GPU \"Dimgrey Cavefish\" (Navi 2), stejn\u011b jako po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed podpora APU AMD Van Gogh se j\u00e1drem Zen 2 a GPU RDNA 2 (Navi 2). Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora nov\u00fdch identifik\u00e1tor\u016f APU Renoir (na b\u00e1zi CPU Zen 2 a GPU Vega).\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovlada\u010di i915 pro grafick\u00e9 karty Intel byla implementov\u00e1na podpora technologie IS (Integer scaling) s realizac\u00ed filtru pro zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00edtka s ohledem na stav sousedn\u00edch pixel\u016f (interpolace Nearest-neighbor) pro ur\u010den\u00ed barvy chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch pixel\u016f. Byla roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena podpora diskr\u00e9tn\u00edch karet Intel DG1. Byla implementov\u00e1na podpora technologie \u201eBig Joiner\u201c, p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 od \u010dip\u016f Ice Lake \/ Gen11, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017eit\u00ed jednoho transcoderu pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dvou tok\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad pro v\u00fdstup na 8K obrazovku prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jednoho DisplayPortu. Bylo p\u0159id\u00e1no re\u017eim asynchronn\u00edho p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed mezi dv\u011bma buffery ve video pam\u011bti (async flip).\n<li class=\"l\"> Do ovlada\u010de nouveau byla p\u0159id\u00e1na po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed podpora GPU NVIDIA zalo\u017een\u00e9 na mikroarchitektu\u0159e \u201eAmpere\u201c (GA100, GeForce RTX 30xx), kter\u00e1 zat\u00edm omezen\u00e1 prost\u0159edky pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed video re\u017eim\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora protokolu 3WIRE, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho v LCD panelech. Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora panel\u016f novatek nt36672a, TDO tl070wsh30, Innolux N125HCE-GN1 a ABT Y030XX067A 3.0. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 je t\u0159eba zm\u00ednit podporu panelu chytr\u00e9ho telefonu OnePlus 6 a 6T, kter\u00e1 umo\u017enila organizovat zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch s nemodifikovan\u00fdm j\u00e1drem.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora prvn\u00edho diskr\u00e9tn\u00edho USB4 hostitelsk\u00e9ho kontrol\u00e9ru Intel Maple Ridge.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora zvukov\u00fdch kodek\u016f Allwinner H6 I2S, Analog Devices ADAU1372, Intel Alderlake-S, GMediatek MT8192, NXP i.MX HDMI a XCVR, Realtek RT715 a Qualcomm SM8250.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora ARM platforem, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a platforem: Galaxy Note 10.1, Microsoft Lumia 950 XL, NanoPi R1, FriendlyArm ZeroPi, Elimo Initium SBC, Broadcom BCM4908, Mediatek MT8192\/MT6779\/MT8167, MStar Infinity2M, Nuvoton NPCM730, Marvell Armada 382, Mikrotik zalo\u017een\u00e9 na Marvell Prestera 98DX3236, servery s Nuvoton NPCM750 BMC, Kontron i.MX8M Mini, Espressobin Ultra, \u201eTrogdor\u201c Chromebook, Kobol Helios64, Engicam PX30.Core.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla integrov\u00e1na podpora hern\u00ed konzole Ouya zalo\u017een\u00e9 na NVIDIA Tegra 3.                        <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 latinskoamerick\u00e1 Nadace svobodn\u00e9ho softwaru vytvo\u0159ila variantu pln\u011b svobodn\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra 5.11 \u2013 Linux-libre 5.11-gnu, o\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho od prvk\u016f firmwaru a ovlada\u010d\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch nesvobodn\u00e9 komponenty nebo \u010d\u00e1sti k\u00f3du, jejich\u017e pou\u017eit\u00ed je omezeno v\u00fdrobcem. V nov\u00e9m vyd\u00e1n\u00ed byla provedena \u00fadr\u017eba ovlada\u010d\u016f pro qat_4xxx (crypto), lt9611uxcm (dsi\/hdmi bridge), ccs\/smia++ (sensor), ath11k_pci, nxp audio transceiver a mhi pci controller. Bylo aktualizov\u00e1no k\u00f3d \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed blob\u016f v ovlada\u010d\u00edch a subsyst\u00e9mech amdgpu, btqca, btrtl, btusb, i915 csr. Byly zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny nov\u00e9 bloby v m3 rproc, idt82p33 ptp clock a qualcomm arm64.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=54581\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.11. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432 Intel SGX, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430 auxiliary, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437 MODULE_LICENSE(), \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0432 seccomp, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 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