{"id":99353,"date":"2021-03-05T04:22:37","date_gmt":"2021-03-05T02:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/google-predstavil-frejmvork-flutter-2-i-yazyk-dart-2-12"},"modified":"2021-03-05T04:22:37","modified_gmt":"2021-03-05T02:22:39","slug":"google-predstavil-frejmvork-flutter-2-i-yazyk-dart-2-12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/google-predstavil-frejmvork-flutter-2-i-yazyk-dart-2-12","title":{"rendered":"Google p\u0159edstavil framework Flutter 2 a jazyk Dart 2.12","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Spole\u010dnost Google p\u0159edstavila framework pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed Flutter 2, kter\u00fd znamenal transformaci projektu z frameworku pro v\u00fdvoj mobiln\u00edch aplikac\u00ed na univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed framework pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed jak\u00fdchkoli typ\u016f program\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b program\u016f pro stoln\u00ed syst\u00e9my a webov\u00e9 aplikace. <\/p>\n

Flutter je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za alternativu k React Native a umo\u017e\u0148uje na z\u00e1klad\u011b jedn\u00e9 k\u00f3dov\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny vyd\u00e1vat aplikace pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 platformy, v\u010detn\u011b iOS, Android, Windows, macOS a Linux, stejn\u011b jako aplikace pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d\u00edch. D\u0159\u00edve napsan\u00e9 mobiln\u00ed aplikace na Flutter 1 mohou b\u00fdt po p\u0159echodu na Flutter 2 bez p\u0159episov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00f3du p\u0159izp\u016fsobeny pro pr\u00e1ci na desktopu a Webu. <\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st k\u00f3du Flutter je implementov\u00e1na v jazyce Dart a runtime engine pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed aplikac\u00ed je naps\u00e1n v C++. P\u0159i v\u00fdvoji aplikac\u00ed lze krom\u011b nativn\u00edho jazyka Dart pou\u017e\u00edt tak\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed Dart Foreign Function pro vol\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00f3du v C\/C++. Vysok\u00e1 v\u00fdkonnost vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je dosa\u017eena kompilac\u00ed aplikac\u00ed do strojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du pro c\u00edlov\u00e9 platformy. P\u0159i tom nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 program znovu kompilovat po ka\u017ed\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b \u2014 Dart poskytuje re\u017eim hork\u00e9ho restartu, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje prov\u00e1d\u011bt zm\u011bny v b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed aplikaci a okam\u017eit\u011b hodnotit v\u00fdsledek. <\/p>\n

Ve Flutter 2 je uvedena pln\u00e1 podpora pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed aplikac\u00ed pro Web, vhodn\u00e1 pro pracovn\u00ed implementace. Zmi\u0148uj\u00ed se t\u0159i hlavn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e pou\u017eit\u00ed Flutter pro Web: v\u00fdvoj samostatn\u00fdch webov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed (PWA, Progressive Web Apps), vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed jednopageov\u00fdch webov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed (SPA, Single Page Apps) a p\u0159evod mobiln\u00edch aplikac\u00ed na webov\u00e9 aplikace. Mezi charakteristiky v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro Web pat\u0159\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed mechanism\u016f urychlen\u00ed vykreslov\u00e1n\u00ed 2D a 3D grafiky, flexibiln\u00ed rozlo\u017een\u00ed prvk\u016f na obrazovce a kompilovateln\u00e9ho do WebAssembly vykreslovac\u00edho enginu CanvasKit. <\/p>\n

Podpora desktopov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed je ve f\u00e1zi beta testov\u00e1n\u00ed a bude stabilizov\u00e1na tento rok v n\u011bkter\u00e9 z n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch verz\u00ed. O podpo\u0159e v\u00fdvoje s pou\u017eit\u00edm Flutter ozn\u00e1mily spole\u010dnosti Canonical, Microsoft a Toyota. Spole\u010dnost Canonical zvolila Flutter jako hlavn\u00ed r\u00e1mec pro sv\u00e9 aplikace a tak\u00e9 ho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji nov\u00e9ho instal\u00e1toru pro Ubuntu. Spole\u010dnost Microsoft p\u0159izp\u016fsobila Flutter pro skl\u00e1dac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s n\u011bkolika obrazovkami, jako je Surface Duo. Spole\u010dnost Toyota pl\u00e1nuje vyu\u017e\u00edt Flutter pro automobilov\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u011b-z\u00e1bavn\u00ed syst\u00e9my. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b Flutter byla tak\u00e9 postavena u\u017eivatelsk\u00e1 nadstavba vyv\u00edjen\u00e9ho v Google mikroj\u00e1dra Fuchsia.

\"Google<\/center> <\/p>\n

Sou\u010dasn\u011b byl uvoln\u011bn jazyk programov\u00e1n\u00ed Dart 2.12, ve kter\u00e9m pokra\u010duje v\u00fdvoj z\u00e1sadn\u011b p\u0159epracovan\u00e9 v\u011btve Dart 2. Dart 2 se li\u0161\u00ed od p\u016fvodn\u00ed verze jazyka Dart pou\u017eit\u00edm siln\u00e9 statick\u00e9 typizace (typy mohou b\u00fdt automaticky odvozeny, proto nen\u00ed povinn\u00e9 je uv\u00e1d\u011bt, ale dynamick\u00e1 typizace u\u017e nen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na a p\u016fvodn\u011b vy\u010d\u00edslen\u00fd typ je p\u0159id\u011blen prom\u011bnn\u00e9 a v dal\u0161\u00edm postupu prob\u00edh\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 kontrola typu). <\/p>\n

Verze je poznamen\u00e1na stabilizac\u00ed re\u017eimu bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho pou\u017eit\u00ed hodnoty \u201eNull\u201c (null safety), kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje vyhnout se zhroucen\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9mu pokusem pou\u017e\u00edt prom\u011bnn\u00e9, jejich\u017e hodnota nen\u00ed definov\u00e1na a je nastavena na \u201eNull\u201c. Re\u017eim p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee prom\u011bnn\u00e9 nemohou m\u00edt neur\u010dit\u00e9 hodnoty, pokud jim v\u00fdslovn\u011b nen\u00ed p\u0159i\u0159azena hodnota null. V tomto re\u017eimu se typy prom\u011bnn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b zohled\u0148uj\u00ed, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje kompil\u00e1toru aplikovat dal\u0161\u00ed optimalizace. Shoda typ\u016f je kontrolov\u00e1na b\u011bhem kompilace, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i pokusu p\u0159i\u0159adit hodnotu \u201eNull\u201c prom\u011bnn\u00e9 s typem, kter\u00fd nep\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 neur\u010dit\u00fd stav, jako je \u201eint\u201c, dojde k chyb\u011b. <\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm vylep\u0161en\u00edm Dart 2.12 byla stabiln\u00ed implementace knihovny FFI, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1\u0159et vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00fd k\u00f3d, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee oslovit API v jazyce C. Byla provedena optimalizace v\u00fdkonu a velikosti. Byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny n\u00e1stroje pro v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e a syst\u00e9m profilov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00f3du, napsan\u00e9ho pomoc\u00ed Flutter, stejn\u011b jako nov\u00e9 pluginy pro v\u00fdvoj aplikac\u00ed v Dart a Flutter pro Android Studio\/IntelliJ a VS Code.

\"Google<\/center>
\n
Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Google \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f Flutter 2, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438 web-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. 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