Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud USA vynesl rozhodnut\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se sporu, kter\u00fd se t\u00e1hne od roku 2010 mezi «Oracle a Google», t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edho se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Java API na platform\u011b Android. Soud vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed instance se postavil na stranu Googlu a uznal, \u017ee vyu\u017eit\u00ed Java API m\u00e1 charakter spravedliv\u00e9ho u\u017eit\u00ed (fair use). <\/p>\n
Soud souhlasil s t\u00edm, \u017ee c\u00edlem Googlu bylo vytvo\u0159en\u00ed jin\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f pro odli\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed (smartfony), a v\u00fdvoj platformy Android pomohl tuto my\u0161lenku realizovat a popularizovat. Historie ukazuje, \u017ee existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby, jak m\u016f\u017ee op\u011btovn\u00e1 implementace rozhran\u00ed p\u0159isp\u011bt k dal\u0161\u00edmu rozvoji po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch program\u016f. Z\u00e1m\u011bry Googlu byly zam\u011b\u0159eny na dosa\u017een\u00ed podobn\u00e9ho tv\u016fr\u010d\u00edho pokroku, jeho\u017e udr\u017een\u00ed je hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va. <\/p>\n
Spole\u010dnost Google si p\u0159ivlastnila p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 11500 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f popisuj\u00edc\u00edch struktury API, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje pouze 0,4 % z celkov\u00e9 implementace API, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 2,86 milionu \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f. S ohledem na objem a v\u00fdznam pou\u017eit\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti k\u00f3du, soud posoudil 11500 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f jako malou \u010d\u00e1st mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho celku. V r\u00e1mci programov\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed jsou okop\u00edrovan\u00e9 \u0159\u00e1dky neodd\u011bliteln\u011b spojeny s jin\u00fdm k\u00f3dem (kter\u00fd nepat\u0159\u00ed Oraclu), kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed program\u00e1to\u0159i. Spole\u010dnost Google okop\u00edrovala danou \u010d\u00e1st k\u00f3du nikoli kv\u016fli jej\u00ed dokonalosti \u010di funk\u010dn\u00edm v\u00fdhod\u00e1m, ale proto, \u017ee umo\u017enila program\u00e1tor\u016fm vyu\u017e\u00edt jejich dovednosti v nov\u00e9m v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro smartfony. <\/p>\n
P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me, \u017ee v roce 2012 soudce se zku\u0161enostmi v programov\u00e1n\u00ed souhlasil s pozic\u00ed Googlu a uznal, \u017ee tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed API strom n\u00e1zv\u016f je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed struktury p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f \u2014 sady symbol\u016f spojen\u00fdch s ur\u010ditou funkc\u00ed. Takov\u00e1 sada p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f je podle autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va pova\u017eov\u00e1na za nepodl\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00ed copyrightu, proto\u017ee duplikace struktury p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f je nezbytnou podm\u00ednkou pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed interoperability a portability. Proto identita \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f s deklaracemi a hlavi\u010dkov\u00fdmi popisy metod nen\u00ed rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed \u2014 k realizaci podobn\u00e9 funk\u010dnosti mus\u00ed odpov\u00eddat n\u00e1zvy funkc\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00edho API, i kdy\u017e je sama funk\u010dnost realizov\u00e1na jinak. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee existuje pouze jeden zp\u016fsob, jak vyj\u00e1d\u0159it my\u0161lenku nebo funkci, m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd pr\u00e1vo pou\u017e\u00edvat identick\u00e9 deklarace a nikdo nem\u016f\u017ee monopolizovat takov\u00e1 vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed. <\/p>\n
Spole\u010dnost Oracle podala odvol\u00e1n\u00ed a dos\u00e1hla ve Feder\u00e1ln\u00edm odvolac\u00edm soudu USA zru\u0161en\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed \u2014 odvolac\u00ed soud uznal, \u017ee Java API je du\u0161evn\u00edm vlastnictv\u00edm Oracle. Pot\u00e9 spole\u010dnost Google zm\u011bnila taktiku a pokusila se dok\u00e1zat, \u017ee implementace Java API na platform\u011b Android m\u00e1 charakter spravedliv\u00e9ho u\u017eit\u00ed, a tato snaha byla \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1. Pozice Googlu spo\u010d\u00edvala v tom, \u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159enosn\u00e9ho softwaru nevy\u017eaduje z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed licence na API, a opakov\u00e1n\u00ed API k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed kompatibiln\u00edch funk\u010dn\u00edch analog\u016f spad\u00e1 pod «spravedliv\u00e9 u\u017eit\u00ed». Podle Googlu by za\u0159azen\u00ed API do kategorie du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed m\u011blo negativn\u00ed dopad na pr\u016fmysl, proto\u017ee podkop\u00e1v\u00e1 rozvoj inovac\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed kompatibiln\u00edch funk\u010dn\u00edch analog\u016f softwarov\u00fdch platforem by se mohlo st\u00e1t p\u0159edm\u011btem soudn\u00edch \u017ealob. <\/p>\n
Spole\u010dnost Oracle podala odvol\u00e1n\u00ed podruh\u00e9 a znovu bylo rozhodnut\u00ed p\u0159ehodnoceno v jej\u00ed prosp\u011bch. Soud rozhodl, \u017ee princip \u201ef\u00e9rov\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed\u201c se na Android nevztahuje, proto\u017ee tuto platformu vyv\u00edj\u00ed spole\u010dnost Google se ziskov\u00fdmi c\u00edli, kter\u00e9 realizuje nikoli prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho prodeje softwarov\u00e9ho produktu, ale prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kontroly nad souvisej\u00edc\u00edmi slu\u017ebami a reklamou. P\u0159itom Google udr\u017euje kontrolu nad u\u017eivateli prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho API pro interakci se sv\u00fdmi slu\u017ebami, jeho\u017e pou\u017eit\u00ed k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00edch analog\u016f je zak\u00e1z\u00e1no, tj. pou\u017eit\u00ed Java API nen\u00ed omezeno na nekomer\u010dn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed. V reakci na to podala spole\u010dnost Google \u017e\u00e1dost k nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu soudu a Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud USA se vr\u00e1til k projedn\u00e1n\u00ed ot\u00e1zky vlastnictv\u00ed programov\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed (API) k intelektu\u00e1ln\u00edmu vlastnictv\u00ed a p\u0159ijal kone\u010dn\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed ve prosp\u011bch spole\u010dnosti Google. \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0443\u0434 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0441 2010 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 «Oracle \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 Google», \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c Java API \u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 Android. \u0421\u0443\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443 Google \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 Java API \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (fair use). \u0421\u0443\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e Google \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-99668","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Google vyhr\u00e1l spor s Oracle ohledn\u011b Java a Android | ProHoster","description":"Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud USA 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Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"