{"id":99682,"date":"2021-04-07T16:22:45","date_gmt":"2021-04-07T14:22:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/rust-vklyuchyon-v-chislo-osnovnyh-yazykov-dlya-razrabotki-platformy-android"},"modified":"2021-04-07T16:22:45","modified_gmt":"2021-04-07T14:22:46","slug":"rust-vklyuchyon-v-chislo-osnovnyh-yazykov-dlya-razrabotki-platformy-android","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/rust-vklyuchyon-v-chislo-osnovnyh-yazykov-dlya-razrabotki-platformy-android","title":{"rendered":"Rust byl za\u0159azen mezi hlavn\u00ed jazyky pro v\u00fdvoj platformy Android.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Spole\u010dnost Google ozn\u00e1mila za\u0159azen\u00ed programovac\u00edho jazyka Rust mezi jazyky povolen\u00e9 pro v\u00fdvoj platformy Android. Kompil\u00e1tor jazyka Rust byl zahrnut do stromu zdrojov\u00fdch k\u00f3d\u016f Android ji\u017e v roce 2019, ale podpora tohoto jazyka z\u016fst\u00e1vala experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed. Mezi prvn\u00edmi komponentami na Rustu, kter\u00e9 se pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed dod\u00e1vat do Androidu, jsou nov\u00e9 implementace mechanismu meziprocesn\u00ed komunikace Binder a Bluetooth stacku. <\/p>\n

Zaveden\u00ed Rustu bylo prov\u00e1d\u011bno v r\u00e1mci projektu pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti, propagaci prax\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho programov\u00e1n\u00ed a zlep\u0161en\u00ed efektivity detekce probl\u00e9m\u016f s pam\u011bt\u00ed v Androidu. Uv\u00e1d\u00ed se, \u017ee p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 70 % v\u0161ech nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch zranitelnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly odhaleny v Androidu, je zp\u016fsobeno chybami p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s pam\u011bt\u00ed. Pou\u017eit\u00ed jazyka Rust, kter\u00fd se zam\u011b\u0159uje na bezpe\u010dnou pr\u00e1ci s pam\u011bt\u00ed a poskytuje automatick\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pam\u011bti, sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed riziko vzniku zranitelnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed chybami p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s pam\u011bt\u00ed, jako je p\u0159\u00edstup do oblasti pam\u011bti po jej\u00edm uvoln\u011bn\u00ed a p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed hranice buffera. <\/p>\n

Bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce s pam\u011bt\u00ed je v Rustu zaji\u0161t\u011bna b\u011bhem kompilace prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kontroly referenc\u00ed, sledov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed objekt\u016f a zohledn\u011bn\u00ed doby \u017eivota objekt\u016f (\u0161 scope), stejn\u011b jako odhadem spr\u00e1vnosti p\u0159\u00edstupu k pam\u011bti b\u011bhem vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00f3du. Rust tak\u00e9 poskytuje prost\u0159edky na ochranu proti p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed cel\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel, vy\u017eaduje povinnou inicializaci hodnot prom\u011bnn\u00fdch p\u0159ed pou\u017eit\u00edm, l\u00e9pe zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 chyby ve standardn\u00ed knihovn\u011b, aplikuje koncept nem\u011bnnosti (immutable) referenc\u00ed a prom\u011bnn\u00fdch jako v\u00fdchoz\u00ed a nab\u00edz\u00ed silnou statickou typizaci pro minimalizaci logick\u00fdch chyb. <\/p>\n

V Androidu je bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce s pam\u011bt\u00ed zaji\u0161t\u011bna ji\u017e podporovan\u00fdmi jazyky Kotlin a Java, ale tyto jazyky nejsou vhodn\u00e9 pro v\u00fdvoj syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch komponent\u016f kv\u016fli velk\u00fdm n\u00e1klad\u016fm. Rust umo\u017e\u0148uje dos\u00e1hnout v\u00fdkonu bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho jazyk\u016fm C a C++, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed pro v\u00fdvoj n\u00edzko\u00farov\u0148ov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed platformy a komponent pro interakci s hardwarem. <\/p>\n

Pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti k\u00f3du v C a C++ na Androidu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sandboxov\u00e1 izolace, statick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza a fuzzingov\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed. Mo\u017enosti sandboxov\u00e9 izolace jsou omezen\u00e9 a dos\u00e1hly vrcholu sv\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed (dal\u0161\u00ed d\u011blen\u00ed na procesy nen\u00ed z pohledu spot\u0159eby zdroj\u016f rozumn\u00e9). Mezi omezen\u00edmi pou\u017eit\u00ed sandboxu se zmi\u0148uje vysok\u00e1 re\u017eie a n\u00e1r\u016fst spot\u0159eby pam\u011bti zp\u016fsoben\u00fd pot\u0159ebou vytv\u00e1\u0159et nov\u00e9 procesy, stejn\u011b jako v\u00fdskyt dal\u0161\u00edch zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed spojen\u00fdch s pou\u017eit\u00edm IPC. <\/p>\n

Sandbox p\u0159itom neodstra\u0148uje zranitelnosti v k\u00f3du, pouze sni\u017euje rizika a zt\u011b\u017euje proveden\u00ed \u00fatoku, jeliko\u017e k jeho vyu\u017eit\u00ed je pot\u0159eba identifikace nejen jedn\u00e9, ale n\u011bkolika zranitelnost\u00ed. Metody zalo\u017een\u00e9 na testov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00f3du jsou omezeny t\u00edm, \u017ee pro odhalen\u00ed chyb je nutn\u00e9 vytvo\u0159it podm\u00ednky pro projev probl\u00e9mu. Pokr\u00fdt v\u0161echny mo\u017en\u00e9 varianty se nepoda\u0159\u00ed, a proto mnoho chyb z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 bez pov\u0161imnut\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Pro syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 procesy v Androidu se spole\u010dnost Google \u0159\u00edd\u00ed \u201epravidlem dvou\u201c, podle kter\u00e9ho mus\u00ed jak\u00fdkoli p\u0159idan\u00fd k\u00f3d spl\u0148ovat maxim\u00e1ln\u011b dv\u011b ze t\u0159\u00ed podm\u00ednek: pr\u00e1ci s neov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdmi vstupy, pou\u017eit\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho programovac\u00edho jazyka (C\/C++) a prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed bez p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 izolace sandboxu (existence zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed). Z tohoto pravidla vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee k\u00f3d pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed extern\u00edch dat mus\u00ed b\u00fdt bu\u010f omezen na minim\u00e1ln\u00ed opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed (izolov\u00e1n), nebo naps\u00e1n v bezpe\u010dn\u00e9m programovac\u00edm jazyce. <\/p>\n

Google si neklade za c\u00edl p\u0159epsat ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00ed k\u00f3d C\/C++ do Rustu, ale pl\u00e1nuje tento jazyk pou\u017e\u00edt pro v\u00fdvoj nov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du. Pou\u017eit\u00ed Rustu pro nov\u00fd k\u00f3d d\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl, proto\u017ee podle statistik v\u011bt\u0161ina chyb vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 v nov\u00e9m nebo ned\u00e1vno zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9m k\u00f3du. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b asi 50 % odhalovan\u00fdch chyb v pr\u00e1ci s pam\u011bt\u00ed na Androidu je identifikov\u00e1no v k\u00f3du napsan\u00e9m m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e p\u0159ed rokem.

\"Rust<\/center>
\n
Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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