{"id":99712,"date":"2021-04-13T16:22:45","date_gmt":"2021-04-13T14:22:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/uyazvimosti-vo-freebsd-ipnet-i-nucleus-net-svyazannye-s-oshibkami-pri-realizaczii-szhatiya-v-dns"},"modified":"2021-04-13T16:22:45","modified_gmt":"2021-04-13T14:22:45","slug":"uyazvimosti-vo-freebsd-ipnet-i-nucleus-net-svyazannye-s-oshibkami-pri-realizaczii-szhatiya-v-dns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/uyazvimosti-vo-freebsd-ipnet-i-nucleus-net-svyazannye-s-oshibkami-pri-realizaczii-szhatiya-v-dns","title":{"rendered":"Zranitelnosti ve FreeBSD, IPnet a Nucleus NET spojen\u00e9 s chybami p\u0159i implementaci komprese v DNS","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 skupiny Forescout Research Labs a JSOF Research zve\u0159ejnily v\u00fdsledky spole\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu bezpe\u010dnosti r\u016fzn\u00fdch implementac\u00ed sch\u00e9matu komprese pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho k balen\u00ed opakuj\u00edc\u00edch se n\u00e1zv\u016f v DNS, mDNS, DHCP a IPv6 RA (balen\u00ed duplicitn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed dom\u00e9n v zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch zahrnuj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00edce n\u00e1zv\u016f). V pr\u016fb\u011bhu pr\u00e1ce bylo identifikov\u00e1no 9 zranitelnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly shrnuty pod k\u00f3dov\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem NAME:WRECK.     <\/p>\n<p>Probl\u00e9my byly zji\u0161t\u011bny ve FreeBSD, stejn\u011b jako v s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch subsyst\u00e9mech IPnet, Nucleus NET a NetX, kter\u00e9 se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily v opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho \u010dasu VxWorks, Nucleus a ThreadX pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v automatiza\u010dn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u00edch, zdravotnick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u00edch, avionice, tisk\u00e1rn\u00e1ch a spot\u0159ebn\u00ed elektronice. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee zranitelnost se t\u00fdk\u00e1 minim\u00e1ln\u011b 100 milion\u016f za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.      <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Zranitelnost ve FreeBSD (CVE-2020-7461) umo\u017e\u0148ovala prov\u00e1d\u011bt vlastn\u00ed k\u00f3d prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm odesl\u00e1n\u00ed od \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka, kter\u00fd byl ve stejn\u00e9 m\u00edstn\u00ed s\u00edti jako ob\u011b\u0165, speci\u00e1ln\u011b strukturovan\u00e9ho DHCP paketu, jeho\u017e zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed zraniteln\u00fdm DHCP klientem vedlo k p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed bufferu. Probl\u00e9m byl zm\u00edrn\u011bn t\u00edm, \u017ee proces dhclient, v n\u011bm\u017e se vyskytovala zranitelnost, byl spu\u0161t\u011bn s omezen\u00fdmi privilegii v izolovan\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed Capsicum, z n\u011bho\u017e bylo t\u0159eba nal\u00e9zt dal\u0161\u00ed zranitelnost pro \u00fanik.\n<p>Podstata chyby spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 kontrole parametr\u016f v paket\u011b vr\u00e1cen\u00e9m DHCP serverem, s 119. DHCP mo\u017enost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159edat seznam \u201edomain search\u201c pro resolver. Nespr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det velikosti vyrovn\u00e1vac\u00ed pam\u011bti pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed rozbalen\u00fdch. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/domain\/\"   title=\"dom\u00e9nov\u00fdch jmen\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"908\">dom\u00e9nov\u00fdch jmen<\/a>, vedl k z\u00e1pisu informac\u00ed pod kontrolou \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka za hranice p\u0159id\u011blen\u00e9ho bufferu. Ve FreeBSD byla chyba odstran\u011bna ji\u017e v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed minul\u00e9ho roku. Probl\u00e9m m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zneu\u017eit pouze p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edstupu k m\u00edstn\u00ed s\u00edti.          <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Zranitelnost ve vestav\u011bn\u00e9m s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9m z\u00e1sobn\u00edku IPnet, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9m v RTOS VxWorks, potenci\u00e1ln\u011b umo\u017e\u0148uje vykonat k\u00f3d na stran\u011b DNS klienta kv\u016fli nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 manipulaci s kompres\u00ed DNS zpr\u00e1v. Jak se uk\u00e1zalo, tato zranitelnost byla poprv\u00e9 zji\u0161t\u011bna spole\u010dnost\u00ed Exodus ji\u017e v roce 2016, ale nikdy nebyla opravena. Nov\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dost o odpov\u011b\u010f od spole\u010dnosti Wind River z\u016fstala tak\u00e9 bez odpov\u011bdi a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s IPnet z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed zraniteln\u00e1.\n<li class=\"l\"> V TCP\/IP stacku Nucleus NET, kter\u00fd podporuje spole\u010dnost Siemens, bylo identifikov\u00e1no 6 zranitelnost\u00ed, z nich\u017e dv\u011b mohly v\u00e9st k vzd\u00e1len\u00e9mu proveden\u00ed k\u00f3du a \u010dty\u0159i k vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed odm\u00edtnut\u00ed slu\u017eby. Prvn\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m souvis\u00ed s chybou p\u0159i dekompresi zhu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v DNS a druh\u00fd s nespr\u00e1vnou anal\u00fdzou zna\u010dek dom\u00e9nov\u00fdch jmen. Oba probl\u00e9my vedou k p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed z\u00e1sobn\u00edku p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u011b vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch odpov\u011bd\u00ed DNS.\n<p>Pro zneu\u017eit\u00ed zranitelnost\u00ed \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkovi sta\u010d\u00ed poslat speci\u00e1ln\u011b vytvo\u0159enou odpov\u011b\u010f na jak\u00fdkoli legitimn\u00ed dotaz, kter\u00fd byl odesl\u00e1n z ohro\u017een\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm proveden\u00ed MTIM \u00fatoku a zasunut\u00ed do provozu mezi DNS serverem a ob\u011bt\u00ed. Pokud m\u00e1 \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk p\u0159\u00edstup k m\u00edstn\u00ed s\u00edti, m\u016f\u017ee spustit DNS server, kter\u00fd se pokus\u00ed napadnout probl\u00e9mov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm rozes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed dotaz\u016f mDNS v broadcastov\u00e9m re\u017eimu.    <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Zranitelnost v s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9m stacku NetX (Azure RTOS NetX), vyvinut\u00e9m pro ThreadX RTOS a uvoln\u011bn\u00e9m v roce 2019 po p\u0159echodu do rukou Microsoftu, byla omezena na odm\u00edtnut\u00ed slu\u017eby. Probl\u00e9m byl zp\u016fsoben chybou v anal\u00fdze zhu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v DNS v implementaci resolveru.      <\/ul>\n<p>Mezi ov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdmi s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdmi stacky, ve kter\u00fdch nebyly nalezeny zranitelnosti souvisej\u00edc\u00ed se zhu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm opakuj\u00edc\u00edch se dat v DNS zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch, byly uvedeny projekty lwIP, Nut\/Net, Zephyr, uC\/TCP-IP, FreeRTOS+TCP, OpenThread a FNET. P\u0159i\u010dem\u017e prvn\u00ed dva (Nut\/Net a lwIP) v\u016fbec nepodporuj\u00ed zhu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v DNS zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch, zat\u00edmco ostatn\u00ed tuto operaci realizuj\u00ed bez chyb. D\u00e1le se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee stejn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci d\u0159\u00edve ji\u017e identifikovali podobn\u00e9 zranitelnosti ve stacku Treck, uIP a PicoTCP.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=54961\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b Forescout Research Labs \u0438 JSOF Research \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0451\u043d \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 DNS, mDNS, DHCP \u0438 IPv6 RA (\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0451\u043d). \u0412 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 9 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c NAME:WRECK. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-99712","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - 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