Experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed implementace technologie FLoC, kter\u00e1 byla spu\u0161t\u011bna v Chrome 89 a vyvinuta spole\u010dnost\u00ed Google jako n\u00e1hrada za sledovac\u00ed cookies, \u010del\u00ed odporu ze strany komunity. Po zaveden\u00ed FLoC pl\u00e1nuje spole\u010dnost Google zcela ukon\u010dit podporu t\u0159et\u00edch stran cookies v Chrome\/Chromium, kter\u00e9 jsou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny p\u0159i n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b web\u016f odli\u0161n\u00fdch od dom\u00e9ny aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed str\u00e1nky. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b prob\u00edh\u00e1 selektivn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed FLoC na mal\u00e9m procentu u\u017eivatel\u016f Chrome 90, podpora FLoC je tak\u00e9 zahrnuta v k\u00f3dov\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u011b Chromium. <\/p>\n
Podle protihr\u00e1\u010d\u016f FLoC tato technologie m\u00edsto \u00fapln\u00e9ho odstran\u011bn\u00ed sledov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016f pouze m\u011bn\u00ed jeden typ c\u00edlen\u00ed za jin\u00fd a, sna\u017e\u00edce se vy\u0159e\u0161it n\u011bkter\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jin\u00e9. Nap\u0159\u00edklad FLoC vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro diskriminaci u\u017eivatel\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b jejich preferenc\u00ed a pohled\u016f. <\/p>\n
Reakce n\u011bkter\u00fdch projekt\u016f na integraci FLoC do k\u00f3dov\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny Chromium: <\/p>\n
Pokud bude n\u00e1vrh schv\u00e1len, na v\u0161ech webech, kter\u00e9 automaticky aplikuj\u00ed aktualizace WordPressu, bude ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed FLoC deaktivov\u00e1n. Pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed FLoC pou\u017e\u00edvat, bude poskytnuta mo\u017enost deaktivovat p\u0159enos hlavi\u010dky «Permissions-Policy: interest-cohort=()». Podobn\u00fd z\u00e1kaz FLoC se tak\u00e9 navrhuje zahrnout do v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho vyd\u00e1n\u00ed WordPress 5.8, kter\u00e9 je napl\u00e1nov\u00e1no na \u010dervenec a nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt dokon\u010deno v\u010das pro hromadn\u00e9 zapnut\u00ed FLoC, proto se zva\u017euje mo\u017enost deaktivace FLoC prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm mezilehl\u00e9 aktualizace. <\/p>\n
V koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch se ne v\u0161ichni shodli s opr\u00e1vn\u011bnost\u00ed vyd\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00e9 aktualizace, zd\u016fvod\u0148uj\u00ed to t\u00edm, \u017ee nen\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 m\u00edchat ot\u00e1zky bezpe\u010dnosti se starostmi o dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed soukrom\u00ed. Zneu\u017eit\u00ed zm\u011bn navrhovan\u00fdch v automaticky instalovan\u00fdch aktualizac\u00edch m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b d\u016fv\u011bry k t\u011bmto aktualizac\u00edm. <\/p>\n
P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me, \u017ee API FLoC (Federated Learning of Cohorts) je ur\u010deno k ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed kategori\u00ed z\u00e1jm\u016f u\u017eivatele bez individu\u00e1ln\u00ed identifikace a bez vazby na historii n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek. FLoC umo\u017e\u0148uje vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed skupin u\u017eivatel\u016f se podobn\u00fdmi z\u00e1jmy, ani\u017e by byly identifikov\u00e1ny jednotliv\u00e9 osoby. Z\u00e1jmy u\u017eivatele jsou ur\u010dov\u00e1ny pomoc\u00ed \u201ekohort\u201c, co\u017e jsou kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edtky popisuj\u00edc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 skupiny z\u00e1jm\u016f. Kohorty se vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vaj\u00ed na stran\u011b prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010de pomoc\u00ed algoritm\u016f strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u00fadaj\u016f o historii n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv a obsahu, kter\u00fd se v prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010di zobrazuje. Detaily z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed na stran\u011b u\u017eivatele, zat\u00edmco ven se p\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00ed pouze obecn\u00e9 informace o kohort\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed z\u00e1jmy a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed zobrazovat relevantn\u00ed reklamu bez sledov\u00e1n\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho u\u017eivatele. <\/p>\n
Hlavn\u00ed rizika spojen\u00e1 s implementac\u00ed FLoC: <\/p>\n
Dal\u0161\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 poznamenat, \u017ee z\u00e1stupci reklamn\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu vyv\u00edjej\u00ed i jin\u00e9 alternativn\u00ed metody identifikace, kter\u00e9 budou moci b\u00fdt pou\u017eity pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016f v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b blokace t\u0159et\u00edch stran Cookie v Chrome. Nap\u0159\u00edklad spole\u010dnost The Trade Desk navrhla technologii UID2 (Unified Identifier), kter\u00e1 implementuje mechanismus identifikace u\u017eivatel\u016f funguj\u00edc\u00ed ve spolupr\u00e1ci s vlastn\u00edky web\u016f. Identifik\u00e1tor UID2 je generov\u00e1n na z\u00e1klad\u011b informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 u\u017eivatel poskytne p\u0159i registraci na webu, jako je email, telefonn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo nebo \u00fadaje o \u00fa\u010dtu v soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edti. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu UID2 je koordin\u00e1torem infrastruktury vytvo\u0159en token, kter\u00fd vlastn\u00edk webu m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edat reklamn\u00edm s\u00edt\u00edm. Autorizovan\u00e9 reklamn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b mohou z\u00edskat kl\u00ed\u010de pro de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed tokenu a obdr\u017een\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edho UID2, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eit pro sestaven\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho profilu u\u017eivatele, agreguj\u00edc\u00edho informace z r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432 Chrome 89 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 FLoC, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439 Google \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Cookie, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0443\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f FLoC \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Google \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432 Chrome\/Chromium \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 Cookie, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043c, \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 FLoC \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u043c 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Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"