Maen nhw'n dweud mai'r cyfrinair gorau yw'r un nad oes rhaid i chi ei gofio. Yn achos MySQL, mae hyn yn bosibl diolch i'r ategyn
Nid yw'r ddau ategyn hyn yn newydd o gwbl; mae llawer wedi'i ddweud amdanynt yn yr un blog hwn, er enghraifft yn yr erthygl am
Fel y dywedais, nid yw hyn yn newyddion, ac wrth osod MySQL gan ddefnyddio'r pecynnau .deb a gefnogir gan dîm Debian, crëir defnyddiwr gwraidd ar gyfer dilysu soced. Mae hyn yn wir am MySQL a MariaDB.
root@app:~# apt-cache show mysql-server-5.7 | grep -i maintainers
Original-Maintainer: Debian MySQL Maintainers <[email protected]>
Original-Maintainer: Debian MySQL Maintainers <<a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>>
Gyda phecynnau Debian ar gyfer MySQL, mae'r defnyddiwr gwraidd wedi'i ddilysu fel a ganlyn:
root@app:~# whoami
root=
root@app:~# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.27-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 (Ubuntu)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select user, host, plugin, authentication_string from mysql.user where user = 'root';
+------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
| user | host | plugin | authentication_string |
+------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
| root | localhost | auth_socket | |
+------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
Mae'r un peth yn wir gyda'r pecyn .deb ar gyfer MariaDB:
10.0.38-MariaDB-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 Ubuntu 16.04
MariaDB [(none)]> show grants;
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for root@localhost |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED VIA unix_socket WITH GRANT OPTION |
| GRANT PROXY ON ''@'%' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Mae'r pecynnau .deb o'r ystorfa Percona swyddogol hefyd yn ffurfweddu dilysiad defnyddiwr gwraidd o dan auth-socket ac ar gyfer Percona Server. Gadewch i ni roi enghraifft gyda
root@app:~# whoami
root
root@app:~# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.16-7 Percona Server (GPL), Release '7', Revision '613e312'
Copyright (c) 2009-2019 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select user, host, plugin, authentication_string from mysql.user where user ='root';
+------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
| user | host | plugin | authentication_string |
+------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
| root | localhost | auth_socket | |
+------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Felly beth yw'r hud? Mae'r ategyn yn gwirio bod y defnyddiwr Linux yn cyfateb i'r defnyddiwr MySQL gan ddefnyddio'r opsiwn soced SO_PEERCRED i gasglu gwybodaeth am y defnyddiwr sy'n rhedeg y rhaglen cleient. Felly, dim ond ar systemau sy'n cefnogi'r opsiwn SO_PEERCRED y gellir defnyddio'r ategyn, fel Linux. Mae'r opsiwn soced SO_PEERCRED yn eich galluogi i ddarganfod uid y broses sy'n gysylltiedig â'r soced. Ac yna mae eisoes yn derbyn yr enw defnyddiwr sy'n gysylltiedig â'r uid hwn.
Dyma enghraifft gyda'r defnyddiwr "crwydrol":
vagrant@mysql1:~$ whoami
vagrant
vagrant@mysql1:~$ mysql
ERROR 1698 (28000): Access denied for user 'vagrant'@'localhost'
Gan nad oes defnyddiwr "crwydrol" yn MySQL, ni chaniateir mynediad i ni. Gadewch i ni greu defnyddiwr o'r fath a cheisio eto:
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'vagrant'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED VIA unix_socket;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
vagrant@mysql1:~$ mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 45
Server version: 10.0.38-MariaDB-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 Ubuntu 16.04
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show grants;
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for vagrant@localhost |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'vagrant'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED VIA unix_socket |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Digwyddodd!
Wel, beth am ddosbarthiad nad yw'n Debian lle na ddarperir hwn yn ddiofyn? Gadewch i ni roi cynnig ar Percona Server ar gyfer MySQL 8 wedi'i osod ar CentOS 7:
mysql> show variables like '%version%comment';
+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| version_comment | Percona Server (GPL), Release 7, Revision 613e312 |
+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> CREATE USER 'percona'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH auth_socket;
ERROR 1524 (HY000): Plugin 'auth_socket' is not loaded
Bummer. Beth oedd ar goll? Nid yw'r ategyn wedi'i lwytho:
mysql> pager grep socket
PAGER set to 'grep socket'
mysql> show plugins;
47 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Gadewch i ni ychwanegu ategyn i'r broses:
mysql> nopager
PAGER set to stdout
mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN auth_socket SONAME 'auth_socket.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> pager grep socket; show plugins;
PAGER set to 'grep socket'
| auth_socket | ACTIVE | AUTHENTICATION | auth_socket.so | GPL |
48 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Nawr mae gennym bopeth sydd ei angen arnom. Gadewch i ni geisio eto:
mysql> CREATE USER 'percona'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH auth_socket;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'percona'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Gallwch nawr fewngofnodi gan ddefnyddio'r enw defnyddiwr "percona".
[percona@ip-192-168-1-111 ~]$ whoami
percona
[percona@ip-192-168-1-111 ~]$ mysql -upercona
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 19
Server version: 8.0.16-7 Percona Server (GPL), Release 7, Revision 613e312
Copyright (c) 2009-2019 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select user, host, plugin, authentication_string from mysql.user where user ='percona';
+---------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
| user | host | plugin | authentication_string |
+---------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
| percona | localhost | auth_socket | |
+---------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Ac fe weithiodd eto!
Cwestiwn: a fydd hi'n bosibl mewngofnodi i'r system o dan yr un mewngofnodi percona, ond fel defnyddiwr gwahanol?
[percona@ip-192-168-1-111 ~]$ logout
[root@ip-192-168-1-111 ~]# mysql -upercona
ERROR 1698 (28000): Access denied for user 'percona'@'localhost'
Na, ni fydd yn gweithio.
Allbwn
Mae MySQL yn eithaf hyblyg mewn sawl agwedd, ac un ohonynt yw'r dull dilysu. Fel y gwelwch o'r swydd hon, gellir cael mynediad heb gyfrineiriau, yn seiliedig ar ddefnyddwyr OS. Gall hyn fod yn ddefnyddiol mewn rhai senarios, ac un ohonynt yw wrth fudo o RDS/Aurora i ddefnyddio MySQL yn rheolaidd
Ffynhonnell: hab.com