{"id":100039,"date":"2021-04-27T16:22:35","date_gmt":"2021-04-27T14:22:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/dostupna-sistema-iniczializaczii-finit-4-0"},"modified":"2021-04-27T16:22:35","modified_gmt":"2021-04-27T14:22:35","slug":"dostupna-sistema-iniczializaczii-finit-4-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/news\/dostupna-sistema-iniczializaczii-finit-4-0","title":{"rendered":"Systemet Finit 4.0 er tilg\u00e6ngeligt","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Efter cirka tre \u00e5rs udvikling er udgivet en version af initialiseringssystemet Finit 4.0 (Fast init), der udvikles som et simpelt alternativ til SysV init og systemd. Projektet er baseret p\u00e5 det, der blev skabt ved reverse engineering af initialiseringssystemet fastinit, der anvendes i Linux-firmware til netbooks som EeePC og fremh\u00e6ves ved sin meget hurtige opstart. Systemet sigter prim\u00e6rt mod at sikre opstart af kompakte og indlejrede systemer, men kan ogs\u00e5 anvendes til almindelige desktop- og servermilj\u00f8er. Eksempler p\u00e5 implementeringsscenarier er forberedt til Void Linux, Alpine Linux og Debian GNU\/Linux. Projektets kode er skrevet i C og distribueres under MIT-licensen.    <\/p>\n<p>Finit underst\u00f8tter k\u00f8rselsniveauer (runlevel) i stil med SysV init, overv\u00e5gning af baggrundsprocessers tilstand (automatisk genstart af tjenesten i tilf\u00e6lde af fejl), udf\u00f8relse af engangsh\u00e5ndterere, opstart af tjenester under hensyntagen til afh\u00e6ngigheder og vilk\u00e5rlige betingelser, samt tilknytning af ekstra h\u00e5ndterere til at k\u00f8re f\u00f8r eller efter udf\u00f8relsen af tjenesten. For eksempel kan man konfigurere opstarten af en tjeneste kun efter adgang til netv\u00e6rket er tilg\u00e6ngelig, eller efter en anden tjeneste som syslogd er blevet startet. Begr\u00e6nsningerne anvendes ved Cgroups v2.       <\/p>\n<p>For at udvide funktionaliteten og tilpasse den til egne behov kan der anvendes plugins, til hvilke der er givet et system af hooks, der muligg\u00f8r tilknytning af en h\u00e5ndterer til forskellige faser af opstart og udf\u00f8relse af tjenester samt sikre binding til eksterne begivenheder. For eksempel er der forberedt plugins til st\u00f8tte for D-Bus, ALSA, netlink, resolvconf, hot-plugging af enheder, kontrol af tilg\u00e6ngelighed og indl\u00e6sning af kernelmoduler, h\u00e5ndtering af PID-filer og konfiguration af milj\u00f8et til X-serveren.    <\/p>\n<p>Det underst\u00f8ttes at anvende standard scripts til opstart af tjenester, der er oprettet til SysV init (\/etc\/rc.d og \/etc\/init.d anvendes ikke, men underst\u00f8ttelse af \/etc\/inittab kan implementeres via et plugin), samt scripts rc.local, milj\u00f8variabler og netv\u00e6rksindstillinger i \/etc\/network\/interfaces, som i Debian og BusyBox. Indstillinger kan enten defineres i \u00e9n konfigurationsfil \/etc\/finit.conf eller fordeles p\u00e5 flere filer i katalogen \/etc\/finit.d.       <\/p>\n<p>Administration is carried out through the standard tools initctl and run-parts, allowing for the activation and deactivation of services in connection with run levels, as well as selectively starting part of the services. Finit also includes a built-in implementation of getty (for terminal management and user login), a watchdog for monitoring functionality, and a recovery mode after a failure with a built-in sulogin for launching an isolated command shell.  <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Systemet Finit 4.0 er tilg\u00e6ngeligt\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/fb1a20df3d59ac86dc5720664024a8ee.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>      <\/p>\n<p>Among the changes added in the Finit 4.0 release (version 3.2 was skipped due to changes that violated backward compatibility):  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> The separate reboot utility has been replaced with a symbolic link to initctl, similar to the halt, shutdown, poweroff, and suspend utilities.\n<li class=\"l\"> Progress indication for operation execution has been implemented.\n<li class=\"l\"> Arbejdet med kommandoerne &#171;inictl cond set|clear COND&#187; er \u00e6ndret for at binde handlinger til forskellige begivenheder. For at identificere tjenester anvendes syntaksen &lt;pid\/foo:id&gt; i stedet for binding til stier &lt;svc\/path\/to\/foo&gt;.\n<li class=\"l\"> The built-in implementation has been removed. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"server\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3707\">server<\/a> inetd has been removed, with the option to install xinetd if necessary.\n<li class=\"l\"> Support for cgroups v2 has been added for running services in separate cgroups.\n<li class=\"l\"> A recovery mode after failures has been added with its own suslogin.\n<li class=\"l\"> Support for start\/stop scripts from SysV init has been introduced.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre:script and post:script handlers have been added, allowing you to specify your own actions performed before or during the service start.\n<li class=\"l\"> Support for env:file with environment variables has been added.\n<li class=\"l\"> The ability to track arbitrary PID files has been added.\n<li class=\"l\"> The ability to start tasks and services using relative paths has been added.\n<li class=\"l\"> Der er tilf\u00f8jet en &#171;-b&#187; mulighed til initctl for at udf\u00f8re handlinger i ikke-interaktiv tilstand (batch mode).\n<li class=\"l\"> The built-in watchdog has been replaced with a separate version, watchdogd.\n<li class=\"l\"> A plugin for automatic loading of kernel modules for devices connected during operation has been added.\n<li class=\"l\"> A plugin for handling \/etc\/modules-load.d\/ has been added.\n<li class=\"l\"> Der er tilf\u00f8jet support til automatisk genstart af tjenester efter \u00e6ndringer i indstillinger, hvilket g\u00f8r det un\u00f8dvendigt at udf\u00f8re kommandoen &#171;initctl reload&#187; manuelt. Som standard er det deaktiveret og kr\u00e6ver en genbygning med &#171;.\/configure &#8212;enable-auto-reload&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> The ability to maintain a log of operations affecting security, such as changing runlevels, starting and stopping services, and service failures, has been added.\n<li class=\"l\"> Improved support for \/etc\/network\/interfaces.<br \/>\n<br \/>Kilde: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=55033\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 Finit 4.0 (Fast init), \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b SysV init \u0438 systemd. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0445, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 fastinit, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432 Linux-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442\u0431\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432 EeePC \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438. \u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":100040,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100039","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 Finit 4.0 (Fast init), 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