Den 25. august 1991, efter fem m\u00e5neders udvikling, annoncerede 21-\u00e5rige Linus Torvalds i et online forum comp.os.minix, at han havde skabt en fungerende prototype af det nye operativsystem Linux, hvor porteringen af bash 1.08 og gcc 1.40 blev afsluttet. Den f\u00f8rste offentlige udgave af Linux-kernen blev pr\u00e6senteret den 17. september. Kernen 0.0.1 havde en st\u00f8rrelse p\u00e5 62 KB i komprimeret form og indeholdt cirka 10.000 linjer kildekode. Den moderne Linux-kerne best\u00e5r af over 28 millioner linjer kode. If\u00f8lge en unders\u00f8gelse foretaget i 2010 p\u00e5 vegne af EU ville den omtrentlige omkostning ved at udvikle et projekt svarende til den moderne Linux-kerne fra bunden v\u00e6re over en milliard amerikanske dollars (beregningen blev udf\u00f8rt, da kernen havde 13 millioner linjer kode); andre sk\u00f8n angiver, at det ville v\u00e6re mere end 3 milliarder. <\/p>\n
Linux-kernen blev skabt under indtryk af operativsystemet MINIX, som Linus fandt utilfredsstillende p\u00e5 grund af dets begr\u00e6nsede licens. Senere, da Linux blev et kendt projekt, fors\u00f8gte modstandere at beskylde Linus for direkte at have kopieret koden fra nogle subsystems i MINIX. Angrebet blev afvist af Andrew Tanenbaum, forfatteren af MINIX, som bad en af sine studerende om at lave en detaljeret sammenligning af koden fra MINIX og de f\u00f8rste offentlige versioner af Linux. Unders\u00f8gelsens resultater viste kun fire ubetydelige tilf\u00e6ldigheder af kodeblokke, som var relateret til kravene fra POSIX og ANSI C. <\/p>\n
Oprindeligt havde Linus planlagt at kalde kernen Freax, fra ordene 'free', 'freak' og X (Unix). Men navnet 'Linux' blev givet til kernen af Ari Lemmke, som efter Linus' anmodning placerede kernen p\u00e5 universitetets FTP-server og navngav mappen med arkivet 'linux' i stedet for 'freax', som Torvalds havde bedt om. Det er bem\u00e6rkelsesv\u00e6rdigt, at den snedige forretningsmand William Della Croce form\u00e5ede at registrere varem\u00e6rket Linux og \u00f8nskede p\u00e5 sigt at indsamle royalties, men senere \u00e6ndrede mening og overgav alle rettigheder til varem\u00e6rket til Linus. Den officielle maskot for Linux-kernen, pingvinen Tux, blev valgt i forbindelse med en konkurrence, der fandt sted i 1996. Navnet Tux st\u00e5r for Torvalds UniX. <\/p>\n
Dynamikken i v\u00e6ksten af kodebasen (antal linjer kildekode) for kernen: <\/p>\n
Fremskridt i udviklingen af kerne: <\/p>\n
68% af alle \u00e6ndringer i kernen er foretaget af de 20 mest aktive virksomheder. For eksempel, ved udviklingen af kernel 5.13, bidrog Intel med 10% af alle \u00e6ndringer, Huawei med 6.5%, Red Hat med 5.9%, Linaro med 5.7%, Google med 4.9%, AMD med 4.8%, NVIDIA med 3.1%, Facebook med 2.8%, SUSE med 2.3%, IBM med 2.1%, Oracle med 1.9%, ARM med 1.5%, og Canonical med 1.4%. 13.2% af \u00e6ndringerne blev forberedt af uafh\u00e6ngige deltagere eller udviklere, der ikke specifikt tilkendegav tilknytning til bestemte virksomheder. 1.3% af \u00e6ndringerne blev forberedt af studerende, ph.d.-studerende og repr\u00e6sentanter fra uddannelsesinstitutioner. N\u00e5r det g\u00e6lder antallet af tilf\u00f8jede linjer kode i kernel 5.13, er AMD f\u00f8rende med en andel p\u00e5 20.2% (driveren amdgpu best\u00e5r af cirka 3 millioner linjer kode, hvilket svarer til omtrent 10% af den samlede st\u00f8rrelse af kernen \u2014 2.4 millioner linjer kommer fra automatisk genererede headerfiler med data til GPU-registre). 25 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 1991 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 21-\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 comp.os.minix \u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b Linux, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f bash 1.08 \u0438 gcc 1.40. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d 17 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f. \u042f\u0434\u0440\u043e 0.0.1 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 62 \u041a\u0431 \u0432 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043b\u043e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-101086","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Linux-kernen fylder 30 \u00e5r | ProHoster","description":"Den 25. august 1991, efter fem m\u00e5neders udvikling, annoncerede den 21-\u00e5rige studerende Linus Torvalds i telekonferencen comp.os.minix oprettelsen af en fungerende prototype af det nye operativsystem Linux, hvilket blev 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Kilde: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"