{"id":104459,"date":"2022-06-21T15:36:41","date_gmt":"2022-06-21T13:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/facebook-predstavil-mehanizm-tmo-pozvolyayushhij-ekonomit-20-32-pamyati-na-serverah"},"modified":"2022-06-21T15:36:41","modified_gmt":"2022-06-21T13:36:42","slug":"facebook-predstavil-mehanizm-tmo-pozvolyayushhij-ekonomit-20-32-pamyati-na-serverah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/news\/facebook-predstavil-mehanizm-tmo-pozvolyayushhij-ekonomit-20-32-pamyati-na-serverah","title":{"rendered":"Facebook introduced the TMO mechanism, enabling savings of 20-32% in memory on servers.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Ingeni\u00f8rer fra Facebook (forbudt i Rusland) har offentliggjort en rapport om implementeringen af teknologien TMO (Transparent Memory Offloading) sidste \u00e5r, som signifikant kan spare RAM p\u00e5 servere ved at flytte un\u00f8dvendige sekund\u00e6re data til billigere lagringsenheder s\u00e5som NVMe SSD-drev. If\u00f8lge Facebook kan brugen af TMO spare mellem 20 og 32% RAM p\u00e5 hver server. L\u00f8sningen er designet til infrastruktur, hvor applikationer k\u00f8rer i isolerede containere. De kernekomponenter af TMO er allerede inkluderet i Linux-kernen. <\/p>\n

P\u00e5 Linux-kernens side sikres driften af PSI (Pressure Stall Information)-subsystemet, som er tilg\u00e6ngeligt fra version 4.20. PSI anvendes allerede i forskellige hukommelsesmangelh\u00e5ndterere og muligg\u00f8r analysen af ventetiden for forskellige ressourcer (CPU, hukommelse, input\/output). Med PSI kan bruger-rum h\u00e5ndterere mere pr\u00e6cist vurdere systemets belastningsniveau og karakteren af nedgangen i ydeevnen, hvilket g\u00f8r det muligt at identificere afvigelser p\u00e5 et tidligt stadium, hvor de endnu ikke v\u00e6sentligt p\u00e5virker ydelsen. <\/p>\n

I bruger-rum er arbejdet med TMO sikret af komponenten Senpai, som dynamisk justerer hukommelsesbegr\u00e6nsningen for applikationscontainere baseret p\u00e5 data modtaget fra PSI via cgroup2. Senpai analyserer tegn p\u00e5, at ressourcer begynder at mangle gennem PSI, vurderer applikationernes f\u00f8lsomhed over for langsommere hukommelsesadgang og fors\u00f8ger at bestemme den mindste n\u00f8dvendige st\u00f8rrelse p\u00e5 hukommelsen for containeren, hvor de data, der er n\u00f8dvendige for driften, forbliver i RAM, mens tilh\u00f8rende data, der er blevet gemt i filcachen eller ikke bruges i \u00f8jeblikket, flyttes til swap-omr\u00e5det.

\"Facebook<\/center> <\/p>\n

TMO's essence is to keep processes on a strict memory consumption diet, forcing the transfer of unused memory pages to swap space, where the displacement has little impact on performance (for instance, pages with code used only during initialization and data used rarely in disk cache). Unlike displacing information to swap in response to memory shortage, TMO displaces data based on proactive prediction. <\/p>\n

One criterion for displacement is the absence of access to a memory page for 5 minutes. Such pages are referred to as cold memory pages and on average account for about 35% of application memory (depending on the type of applications, this can vary from 19% to 65%). Displacement takes into account activity related to anonymous memory pages (memory allocated by applications) and memory used for file caching (allocated by the kernel). In some applications, the main consumption is associated with anonymous memory, while in others, file cache is also significant. To avoid imbalance in the memory displacements to cache, TMO uses a new paging algorithm that displaces anonymous pages and pages associated with file cache proportionally. <\/p>\n

Displacing rarely used pages to slower memory does not significantly affect performance but allows for substantial cost reductions on hardware. Data is displaced to SSD storage or to a compressed area in RAM. In terms of storage cost per byte, using NVMe SSD can be up to 10 times cheaper than using compression in RAM.

\"Facebook<\/center>
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Kilde: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0418\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Facebook (\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0420\u0424) \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 TMO (Transparent Memory Offloading), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0448\u0451\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a NVMe SSD-\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438. \u041f\u043e \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0435 Facebook, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 TMO \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 20 \u0434\u043e 32% […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":104460,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-104459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Facebook introduced TMO, a mechanism that allows saving 20-32% of memory on servers | ProHoster","description":"Engineers from Facebook (banned in Russia) published a report on the implementation of TMO (Transparent Memory Offloading) technology last year, which significantly saves RAM on 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