{"id":104807,"date":"2022-08-10T15:37:46","date_gmt":"2022-08-10T13:37:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-5"},"modified":"2022-08-10T15:37:46","modified_gmt":"2022-08-10T13:37:46","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-5","title":{"rendered":"Udgivelse af pakke filtreringsv\u00e6rkt\u00f8jet nftables 1.0.5","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Udgivelsen af nftables packet filter version 1.0.5, der forener filtreringsgr\u00e6nsefladerne for IPv4, IPv6, ARP og netv\u00e6rksbroer (m\u00e5lrettet erstatning af iptables, ip6table, arptables og ebtables). Samtidig er libnftnl version 1.2.3 blevet offentliggjort, som tilbyder et lavniveau API til interaktion med nf_tables subsystemet.       <\/p>\n<p>Nftables-pakken inkluderer komponenter af pakke filtreringssystemet, der k\u00f8rer i brugeromr\u00e5det, mens nf_tables subsystemet i kernen h\u00e5ndterer operationer i Linux kernen fra version 3.13. I kernen tilbydes kun et generelt interface, der ikke er afh\u00e6ngigt af en specifik protokol og giver grundl\u00e6ggende funktioner til at hente data fra pakker, udf\u00f8re dataoperationer og styre str\u00f8mmen.    <\/p>\n<p>Reglerne for filtrering og protokolspecifikke behandlere kompileres til bytekode i brugeromr\u00e5det, hvorefter denne bytekode indl\u00e6ses i kernen ved hj\u00e6lp af Netlink-interfacet og udf\u00f8res i kernen i en s\u00e6rlig <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"virtuelle maskiner\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4326\">virtuelle maskiner<\/a>, der minder om BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Denne tilgang muligg\u00f8r en betydelig reduktion i st\u00f8rrelsen af den filtrering, der k\u00f8rer i kernen, og flytter alle funktioner til parsing af regler og logik til h\u00e5ndtering af protokoller til brugeromr\u00e5det.    <\/p>\n<p>Vigtige \u00e6ndringer:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> I optimeringsv\u00e6rkt\u00f8jet, der kaldes, n\u00e5r du angiver indstillingen &#171;-o\/&#8212;optimize&#187;, er der l\u00f8st problemer med sammensmeltning af regler, map- og set-lister.          # cat ruleset.nft       table ip x {              chain y {                      type nat hook postrouting priority srcnat; policy drop;                      ip saddr 1.1.1.1 tcp dport 8000 snat to 4.4.4.4:80                      ip saddr 2.2.2.2 tcp dport 8001 snat to 5.5.5.5:90              }       }         # nft -o -c -f ruleset.nft       Sammenl\u00e6gning:       ruleset.nft:4:3-52:                ip saddr 1.1.1.1 tcp dport 8000 snat to 4.4.4.4:80       ruleset.nft:5:3-52:                ip saddr 2.2.2.2 tcp dport 8001 snat to 5.5.5.5:90       til:              snat to ip saddr . tcp dport map { 1.1.1.1 . 8000 : 4.4.4.4 . 80, 2.2.2.2 . 8001 : 5.5.5.5 . 90 }\n<li class=\"l\"> Ved sammenl\u00e6gning af ethernet og vlan elementer er der sikret en dynamisk set-liste, der udfyldes baseret p\u00e5 pakkevej-parametre.         add table netdev x       add chain netdev x y { type filter hook ingress device enp0s25 priority 0;   }       add set netdev x macset { typeof ether daddr . vlan id; flags   dynamic,timeout; }       add rule netdev x y update @macset { ether daddr . vlan id timeout 60s }            add rule netdev x y ether saddr . vlan id { 0a:0b:0c:0d:0e:0f . 42,   0a:0b:0c:0d:0e:0f . 4095 } counter accept\n<li class=\"l\"> Visning af regler med map-lister, der indeholder masker i navne p\u00e5 gr\u00e6nseflader.         table inet filter {          chain INPUT {              iifname vmap {                  &#171;eth0&#187; : jump input_lan,                  &#171;wg*&#187; : jump input_vpn              }          }          chain input_lan {}          chain input_vpn {}       }\n<li class=\"l\"> Regressionsfejl, der f\u00f8rte til forkert leksikalsk behandling af gyldige regler, er blevet rettet.\n<li class=\"l\"> Problemer med langsom behandling og automatisk sammenl\u00e6gning af store lister med elementer, der definerer v\u00e6rdiintervaller, er blevet l\u00f8st.\n<li class=\"l\"> Crash ved tilf\u00f8jelse af elementer til en ugyldig set-liste er blevet rettet.    <\/ul>\n<p>Kilde: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=57619\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.5, 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\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 API \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 nf_tables. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-104807","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.5, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, 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