{"id":105238,"date":"2022-10-02T15:36:41","date_gmt":"2022-10-02T13:36:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/razrabotchiki-debian-utverdili-postavku-proprietarnyh-proshivok-v-ustanovochnyh-nositelyah"},"modified":"2022-10-02T15:36:41","modified_gmt":"2022-10-02T13:36:41","slug":"razrabotchiki-debian-utverdili-postavku-proprietarnyh-proshivok-v-ustanovochnyh-nositelyah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/news\/razrabotchiki-debian-utverdili-postavku-proprietarnyh-proshivok-v-ustanovochnyh-nositelyah","title":{"rendered":"Debian-udviklerne har godkendt levering af propriet\u00e6re firmware i installationsmedierne.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Resultaterne af den generelle afstemning (GR, general resolution) blandt udviklerne af Debian-projektet, der deltager i vedligeholdelsen af pakker og infrastruktur, er offentliggjort. Der blev dr\u00f8ftet sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5let om at inkludere proprietary firmware i de officielle installationsbilleder og live-builds. Det femte punkt, \"\u00c6ndre den sociale kontrakt for levering af non-fri firmware i installationen med forsyning af ensartede installationsbuilds\", vandt afstemningen.    <\/p>\n<p>Den valgte mulighed indeb\u00e6rer en \u00e6ndring af den sociale kontrakt (Debian Social Contract), der definerer de grundl\u00e6ggende principper for projektet og projektets forpligtelser til f\u00e6llesskabet. Den femte punkt i den sociale kontrakt, som indeholder krav om overholdelse af standarder for frit software, vil f\u00e5 tilf\u00f8jet en bem\u00e6rkning om, at officielle Debian-medier kan inkludere firmware, der ikke er en del af Debian-systemet, hvis det er n\u00f8dvendigt for at f\u00e5 distributionen til at fungere p\u00e5 hardware, der kr\u00e6ver s\u00e5dan firmware.    <\/p>\n<p>Pakker fra sektionen \"non-free-firmware\" vil blive inkluderet i de officielle installationsmedier og live-billeder af Debian, hvor komponenter relateret til firmware er flyttet fra non-free-repositoriet. Hvis der er hardware, der kr\u00e6ver eksterne firmware for at fungere, vil brugen af n\u00f8dvendige proprietary firmware blive inkluderet som standard. Samtidig vil brugere, der foretr\u00e6kker udelukkende fri software, f\u00e5 mulighed for at deaktivere brugen af non-fri firmware under opstarten.     <\/p>\n<p>Derudover vil installationsprogrammet og live-billedet give oplysninger om hvilken type firmware, der er blevet indl\u00e6st. Data om brugte firmware vil ogs\u00e5 blive gemt i det installerede system, s\u00e5 brugeren senere kan f\u00e5 information om den anvendte firmware. Hvis firmware er n\u00f8dvendige for at f\u00e5 hardware til at fungere efter installationen, foresl\u00e5s det desuden, at der automatisk tilf\u00f8jes non-free-firmware-repositoriet til sources.list-filen, s\u00e5 opdateringer af firmware med rettelser til s\u00e5rbarheder og vigtige fejl kan modtages. Billeder med propriet\u00e6re firmware vil blive udgivet som officielle medier, som vil erstatte de tidligere tilbudte billeder uden ikke-frie firmware.          <\/p>\n<p>Sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5let om levering af firmware er blevet aktuelt, da udstyrsproducenter i stigende grad tager brug af eksterne firmware, der indl\u00e6ses af operativsystemet, i stedet for at levere firmware i den permanente hukommelse p\u00e5 enhederne. S\u00e5danne eksterne firmware er n\u00f8dvendige for mange moderne grafiske, lyd- og netv\u00e6rksadaptere. I den forbindelse er sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5let om, hvorvidt levering af propriet\u00e6r firmware stemmer overens med kravet om kun at levere fri software i de grundl\u00e6ggende Debian-samlinger, uklart, da firmware k\u00f8rer p\u00e5 hardware-enheder og ikke i systemet og dermed tilh\u00f8rer udstyret. P\u00e5 moderne computere, selv med helt frie distributioner, k\u00f8rer firmware, der er indbygget i udstyret. Forskellen er blot, at nogle firmware indl\u00e6ses af operativsystemet, mens andre allerede er indl\u00e6st i ROM eller Flash-hukommelse.      <\/p>\n<p>Fortyrelsen af propriet\u00e6r firmware har stadig ikke v\u00e6ret en del af de officielle installationsbilleder af Debian og bliver leveret i et separat non-free-repositorium. Installationssamlinger med propriet\u00e6r firmware har status som uofficielle og distribueres separat, hvilket f\u00f8rer til forvirring og skaber vanskeligheder for brugerne, da det i mange tilf\u00e6lde kun er muligt at opn\u00e5 korrekt funktion af moderne udstyr, efter at den propriet\u00e6re firmware er installeret. Debian-projektet har ogs\u00e5 v\u00e6ret involveret i forberedelse og vedligeholdelse af uofficielle samlinger med propriet\u00e6r firmware, hvilket kr\u00e6vede yderligere ressourceforbrug til bygning, test og hosting af uofficielle samlinger, der duplikerer de officielle.      <\/p>\n<p>Der er opst\u00e5et en situation, hvor uofficielle samlinger er mere foretrukne for brugeren, hvis han \u00f8nsker at opn\u00e5 normal st\u00f8tte til sit udstyr, da installationen af de anbefalede officielle samlinger ofte f\u00f8rer til problemer med udstyrssupport. Desuden hindrer brugen af uofficielle samlinger opn\u00e5elsen af idealet om kun at levere \u00e5ben software og f\u00f8rer utilsigtet til popularisering af propriet\u00e6r software, da brugeren sammen med firmware ogs\u00e5 f\u00e5r et tilkoblet non-free-repositorium med anden ikke-fri software.<br \/>\n<br \/>Kilde: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=57859\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (GR, general resolution) \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 Debian, \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0438 live-\u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a. \u0412 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043b \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442 &#171;\u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a&#187;. \u0412\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-105238","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (GR, general resolution) \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 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\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/news\/razrabotchiki-debian-utverdili-postavku-proprietarnyh-proshivok-v-ustanovochnyh-nositelyah","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2022-10-02T13:36:41+00:00","article:modified_time":"2022-10-02T13:36:41+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":[],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105238","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=105238"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105238\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=105238"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=105238"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=105238"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}