{"id":112481,"date":"2023-12-24T21:10:18","date_gmt":"2023-12-24T19:10:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/v-fedora-namereny-obedinit-soderzhimoe-katalogov-usr-bin-i-usr-sbin"},"modified":"2023-12-24T21:10:18","modified_gmt":"2023-12-24T19:10:18","slug":"v-fedora-namereny-obedinit-soderzhimoe-katalogov-usr-bin-i-usr-sbin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/news\/v-fedora-namereny-obedinit-soderzhimoe-katalogov-usr-bin-i-usr-sbin","title":{"rendered":"I Fedora \u00f8nsker man at fusionere indholdet af mapperne \/usr\/bin og \/usr\/sbin","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

I udgivelsen Fedora 40 foresl\u00e5s det at fusionere indholdet af mapperne \/usr\/bin og \/usr\/sbin ved at erstatte mappen \/usr\/sbin med et symbolsk link, der peger p\u00e5 \/usr\/bin. Omformningen af \/bin og \/sbin til symbolske links til henholdsvis \/usr\/bin og \/usr\/sbin blev udf\u00f8rt i 2012 i Fedora 17. Efter at have samlet alle eksekverbare filer \u00e9t sted, vil omtalen af mappen \/usr\/sbin blive fjernet fra milj\u00f8variablen PATH. Forslaget er stadig i diskussionsfasen og er ikke blevet dr\u00f8ftet af FESCo (Fedora Engineering Steering Committee), som er ansvarlig for den tekniske del af udviklingen af Fedora-distributionen. <\/p>\n

Det bem\u00e6rkes, at opdelingen af eksekverbare filer i mapperne bin og sbin er en for\u00e6ldet praksis, der har mistet sin relevans i moderne distributioner. Oprindeligt var det meningen, at de vigtigste eksekverbare filer skulle placeres i sbin, som var kompileret statisk og egnet til opkald i genoprettelsesmodus, for eksempel ved beskadigelse af en del af filsystemet eller utilg\u00e6ngelighed af mappen \/usr. I Fedora er indholdet af sbin l\u00e6nge ikke blevet kompileret statisk, og indholdet findes faktisk i mappen \/usr og ikke i rodmappen. <\/p>\n

Opdelingen i sbin og bin blev ogs\u00e5 anvendt til at adskille programmer til administratorer og almindelige brugere, men kriterierne for placering af programmer i sbin eller bin er ganske utydelige, og i mange \u00e5r har milj\u00f8variablen PATH for alle brugere inkluderet b\u00e5de \/usr\/bin og \/usr\/sbin (systemd tilf\u00f8jer som standard begge mapper til PATH for alle brugere og tjenester). S\u00e5ledes er opdelingen mellem bin og sbin ikke l\u00e6ngere praktisk anvendelig og h\u00e6mmer faktisk brugen af absolutte stier til eksekverbare filer, is\u00e6r i situationer hvor forskellige distributioner fordeler de eksekverbare filer forskelligt mellem mapperne bin og sbin. <\/p>\n

Fusionen af bin og sbin vil forenkle arbejdet for dem, der vedligeholder pakker, da de ikke l\u00e6ngere skal g\u00e6tte, hvilket bibliotek de skal placere det eksekverbare fil i; det vil g\u00f8re systemet mere forudsigeligt og forst\u00e5eligt for brugerne; \u00f8ge kompatibiliteten med andre distributioner (for eksempel, i Fedora blev v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jet ip placeret i sbin, mens det i Debian befandt sig i bin; efter fusionen vil den vej, der er typisk for Debian, ogs\u00e5 fungere i Fedora); g\u00f8re distributionen mere kompatibel med Arch Linux, som fusionerede sbin og bin i 2013; reducere antallet af katalogkontroller ved udf\u00f8relse af execvp() og lignende kald (man skal kun gennemg\u00e5 \u00e9t bibliotek i stedet for to); forenkle s\u00f8gning i logs og analyse af output fra v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer som strace.
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Kilde: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 Fedora 40 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432 \/usr\/bin \u0438 \/usr\/sbin, \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \/usr\/sbin \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0443, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430 \/usr\/bin. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \/bin \u0438 \/sbin \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \/usr\/bin \u0438 \/usr\/sbin \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432 2012 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 Fedora 17. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 \/usr\/sbin \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 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