{"id":118902,"date":"2024-08-02T15:43:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-02T13:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/microsoft-opublikoval-distributiv-azure-linux-3-0"},"modified":"2024-08-02T15:43:00","modified_gmt":"2024-08-02T13:43:00","slug":"microsoft-opublikoval-distributiv-azure-linux-3-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/news\/microsoft-opublikoval-distributiv-azure-linux-3-0","title":{"rendered":"Microsoft har udgivet distributionspakken Azure Linux 3.0","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Microsoft har offentliggjort den f\u00f8rste stabile opdatering af den nye version af Azure Linux 3.0, som tidligere blev distribueret under navnet CBL-Mariner. Distributionen udvikles som en universel basisplatform for Linux-milj\u00f8er, der bruges i cloud-infrastruktur, edge-systemer og forskellige Microsoft-tjenester. Projektet har til form\u00e5l at standardisere de Linux-l\u00f8sninger, der anvendes i Microsoft, og g\u00f8re det lettere at holde Linux-systemer af forskellig art opdaterede. Projektets resultater distribueres under MIT-licensen. Pakkerne bygges til arkitekturerne aarch64 og x86_64. St\u00f8rrelsen af installationsbilledet er 740 MB.      <\/p>\n<p>Blandt \u00e6ndringerne i den nye version:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux-kernen er opdateret til version 6.6 (tidligere brugt kerne 5.15). Der er tilf\u00f8jet support for live patching, som g\u00f8r det muligt at rette s\u00e5rbarheder i kernen uden genstart.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nye versioner af pakkerne er blevet foresl\u00e5et, herunder systemd 255, glibc 2.38, GCC 13.2, clang 18.1, OpenSSL 3.3, rpm 4.18.2, ruby 3.3.0, BIND 9.20, containerd 1.7.13, kunc 1.1.12, ostree 2024.5, rust 1.75, Perl 5.38, Python 3.12.3 og QEMU 8.2.0.\n<li class=\"l\"> SELinux tvangsadgangskontrolsystemet er som standard oversat til 'enforcing' tilstand.\n<li class=\"l\"> Den samlede cgroups v2-hierarki er som standard aktiveret. Den vigtigste forskel mellem cgroups v2 og v1 er anvendelsen af en f\u00e6lles cgroups-hierarki til alle typer ressourcer i stedet for separate hierarkier til fordeling af CPU-ressourcer, regulering af hukommelsesforbrug og input\/output.\n<li class=\"l\"> Der er tilf\u00f8jet v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer til at erstatte andre distributioner (OSsku In-Place Migration) p\u00e5 noder i Microsoft Azure-cloud, f.eks. kan en installeret Ubuntu erstattes med Azure Linux.\n<li class=\"l\"> Der er tilf\u00f8jet support for nye NVIDIA GPU'er som NVIDIA A100 og H100, samt givet NVIDIA GPU Operator til automatisering af h\u00e5ndtering af NVIDIA-drivere p\u00e5 noder med Azure Linux.  <\/ul>\n<p>Azure Linux-distributionen tilbyder et lille standard s\u00e6t af grundpakker, der fungerer som en universel base til opbygning af containerindhold, host-milj\u00f8er og tjenester, der k\u00f8rer i cloud-infrastrukturer og p\u00e5 edge-enheder. Mere komplekse og specialiserede l\u00f8sninger kan laves ved at tilf\u00f8je ekstra pakker oven p\u00e5 Azure Linux, men basen for alle s\u00e5danne systemer forbliver u\u00e6ndret, hvilket g\u00f8r vedligeholdelse og forberedelse af opdateringer lettere.       <\/p>\n<p>For eksempel anvendes Azure Linux som grundlaget for den mini-distribution, der hedder WSLg, hvor grafiske komponenter til at k\u00f8re GUI-applikationer i Linux-milj\u00f8er baseret p\u00e5 WSL2 (Windows Subsystem for Linux) tilbydes. Den udvidede funktionalitet i WSLg implementeres gennem inclusion af yderligere pakker med kompositte. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/server\/dts-prohoster\/\"   title=\"serveren\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3086\">serveren<\/a> Weston, XWayland, PulseAudio og FreeRDP.    <\/p>\n<p>Systemd bruges til at administrere tjenester og belastning. Pakkeh\u00e5ndterere RPM og DNF leveres til pakkeh\u00e5ndtering. SSH-serveren er ikke aktiveret som standard. Installationsprogrammet til distributionen tilbydes, som kan k\u00f8re i b\u00e5de tekst- og grafiske tilstande. Installationsprogrammet giver mulighed for installation med et fuldt eller grundl\u00e6ggende s\u00e6t pakker, tilbyder en gr\u00e6nseflade til at v\u00e6lge diskpartition, v\u00e6lge v\u00e6rtsnavn og oprette brugere.  <\/p>\n<p>Build-systemet i Azure Linux g\u00f8r det muligt at generere b\u00e5de separate RPM-pakker baseret p\u00e5 SPEC-filer og kildekoder, samt monolitiske systembilleder, der dannes ved hj\u00e6lp af rpm-ostree v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jerne og opdateres atomisk uden opdeling i separate pakker. F\u00f8lgelig underst\u00f8ttes der to modeller for opdateringslevering: gennem opdatering af individuelle pakker og gennem opbygning og opdatering af hele systembilledet. Der er et repository tilg\u00e6ngeligt, der inkluderer omkring 3000 allerede byggete RPM-pakker, som kan bruges til at sammens\u00e6tte egne billeder baseret p\u00e5 konfigurationsfilen.     <\/p>\n<p>Den grundl\u00e6ggende platform inkluderer kun de mest essentielle komponenter og er optimeret til minimalt forbrug af hukommelse og diskplads samt h\u00f8j indl\u00e6sningstid. Projektet anvender tilgangen \"maksimal sikkerhed som standard\", der indeb\u00e6rer aktivering af forskellige ekstra mekanismer for at \u00f8ge beskyttelsen:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Filtrering af systemopkald ved hj\u00e6lp af seccomp-mekanismen.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Kryptering af diskpartitioner.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Verifikation af pakker via digital signatur.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Randomisering af adresserummet.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Beskyttelse mod angreb relateret til symbolske links, mmap, \/dev\/mem og \/dev\/kmem.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Tilstand kun for l\u00e6sning og forbud mod udf\u00f8relse af kode i omr\u00e5der af hukommelsen, hvor kerne- og moduldata placeret.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Mulighed for at forbyde indl\u00e6sning af kerne-moduler efter systeminitialisering.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Brug af iptables til filtrering af netv\u00e6rkspakker.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Inkludering under opbygning af beskyttelsesmetoder mod stakoverl\u00f8b, bufferoverflow og format-strengproblemer (_FORTIFY_SOURCE, -fstack-protector, -Wformat-security, relro).   <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kilde: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=61649\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Microsoft \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Azure Linux 3.0, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c CBL-Mariner. \u0414\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f Linux-\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435, edge-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0445 Microsoft. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432 Microsoft Linux-\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Linux-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-118902","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Microsoft \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Azure Linux 3.0, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 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