{"id":119480,"date":"2024-08-14T09:43:01","date_gmt":"2024-08-14T07:43:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/nist-standartiziroval-tri-algoritma-postkvantovogo-shifrovaniya"},"modified":"2026-02-15T22:08:21","modified_gmt":"2026-02-15T20:08:21","slug":"nist-standartiziroval-tri-algoritma-postkvantovogo-shifrovaniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/news\/nist-standartiziroval-tri-algoritma-postkvantovogo-shifrovaniya","title":{"rendered":"NIST har standardiseret tre postkvantum krypteringsalgoritmer","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Det amerikanske national institute for standarder og teknologi (NIST) har pr\u00e6senteret de f\u00f8rste tre standarder, der definerer kryptografiske algoritmer, som er resistente overfor hacking med kvantecomputere. Den f\u00f8rste standardiserede algoritme (CRYSTALS-Kyber) beskriver metoden til indkapsling af n\u00f8gler og er beregnet til kryptering af dataudveksling, mens de to andre (CRYSTALS-Dilithium og Sphincs+) implementerer varianter af digitale signaturer, der kan anvendes til autentificering. For at undg\u00e5 forvirring er de standardiserede versioner af algoritmerne blevet omd\u00f8bt: CRYSTALS-Kyber til ML-KEM, CRYSTALS-Dilithium til ML-DSA, og Sphincs+ til SLH-DSA. De valgte algoritmer har v\u00e6ret under udvikling siden 2016 og er vindere af den tidligere annoncerede NIST-konkurrence om udvikling af post-kvante kryptografialgoritmer.      <\/p>\n<p>De senest hurtigt udviklende kvantecomputere l\u00f8ser opgaver om nedbrydning af naturlige tal i primtalsfaktorer (RSA) og diskret logaritmisk beregning af punkter p\u00e5 elliptiske kurver (ECDSA) v\u00e6sentligt hurtigere, som ligger til grund for de nuv\u00e6rende asymmetrisk krypteringsalgoritmer, der er effektivt ul\u00f8selige p\u00e5 klassiske processorer. P\u00e5 nuv\u00e6rende tidspunkt er kapaciteterne i kvantecomputere stadig utilstr\u00e6kkelige til at bryde eksisterende klassiske krypteringsalgoritmer og digitale signaturer baseret p\u00e5 offentlige n\u00f8gler som ECDSA, men det forventes, at situationen kan \u00e6ndre sig allerede i dette \u00e5rti.    <\/p>\n<p>Vedtagne standarder:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> FIPS 203 \u2014 betragtes som den prim\u00e6re standard for <a href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/ssl-sertifikat\/gogetssl-multi-domain\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3313\">data-kryptering<\/a>, der anvender CRYSTALS-Kyber-algoritmen (ML-KEM \u2014 Module-Lattice Key-Encapsulation Mechanism) til at organisere n\u00f8gleudveksling mellem parter, der udf\u00f8rer kryptering og dekryptering af data. CRYSTALS-Kyber-algoritmen benytter metoder fra kryptografi baseret p\u00e5 l\u00f8sningen af problemer fra gitterteori, hvor l\u00f8sningen ikke adskiller sig mellem almindelige og kvantecomputere. Fordelene ved den valgte algoritme inkluderer relativt lille n\u00f8glest\u00f8rrelse og h\u00f8j hastighed.\n<li class=\"l\"> FIPS 204 \u2014 den prim\u00e6re standard for dannelse af digitale signaturer baseret p\u00e5 CRYSTALS-Dilithium-algoritmen (ML-DSA \u2014 Module-Lattice Digital Signature Algorithm), der ligesom CRYSTALS-Kyber bygger p\u00e5 gitterteori.\n<li class=\"l\"> FIPS 205 \u2014 en alternativ standard for dannelse af digitale signaturer, der bruger Sphincs+ algoritmen (SLH-DSA \u2014 Stateless Hash-Based Digital Signature Algorithm), som anvender metoder fra kryptografi baseret p\u00e5 hash-funktioner. Sphincs+ halter bag CRYSTALS-Dilithium med hensyn til signaturst\u00f8rrelse og hastighed, men er baseret p\u00e5 helt andre matematiske principper, hvilket g\u00f8r den effektiv i tilf\u00e6lde af kompromittering af algoritmer baseret p\u00e5 gitterteori.     <\/ul>\n<p>Derudover planl\u00e6gges det at godkende en fjerde standard \u2014 FIPS 206, designet til brug med digitale signaturer og baseret p\u00e5 FALCON-algoritmen, som ligesom CRYSTALS-Kyber og CRYSTALS-Dilithium-algoritmerne bygger p\u00e5 l\u00f8sningen af problemer fra gitterteori, men i mods\u00e6tning til dem er fokuseret p\u00e5 applikationer, hvor en minimal signaturst\u00f8rrelse er kr\u00e6vet. Den standardiserede version af FALCON-algoritmen vil blive leveret under navnet FN-DSA (FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) over NTRU-Lattice Digital Signature Algorithm). Der planl\u00e6gges ogs\u00e5 at v\u00e6lge algoritmer til at skabe alternative standarder for generel kryptering, som vil v\u00e6re baseret p\u00e5 andre arbejdsprincipper end dem, der anvendes i standarden FIPS 203 baseret p\u00e5 CRYSTALS-Kyber-algoritmen.      <center>  <div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"vWJS62eIVxI\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/vWJS62eIVxI\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Afspil video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><br \/>\n<br \/>Kilde: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=61700\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0428\u0410 (NIST) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u044b, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c (CRYSTALS-Kyber) \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 (CRYSTALS-Dilithium \u0438 Sphincs+) \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-119480","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 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