P\u00e5 konferencen 38C3 blev rammev\u00e6rket FlippyRAM pr\u00e6senteret, som er designet til at teste for s\u00e5rbarheder der g\u00f8r det muligt at udf\u00f8re Rowhammer-angreb for at \u00e6ndre indholdet af RAM. V\u00e6rkt\u00f8jets kode er skrevet i C++ og distribueres under MIT-licensen. For at forenkle testningen er der dannet et f\u00e6rdigt live-distributionssystem (1 GB), der giver mulighed for at udf\u00f8re testen ved at boote fra en USB-flashdreve samt et containerbillede til Docker. <\/p>\n
Projektets m\u00e5l er at engagere brugerne i en unders\u00f8gelse, der fors\u00f8ger at indsamle statistik om, hvorvidt Rowhammer-s\u00e5rbarheder optr\u00e6der i de systemer, som er almindeligt brugt. Data om testresultaterne kan sendes b\u00e5de fra det bootede distributionssystem og manuelt indtastes p\u00e5 unders\u00f8gelsens hjemmeside. <\/p>\n
Rowhammer-angrebsmetoden blev pr\u00e6senteret for 10 \u00e5r siden, hvorefter der mellem sikkerhedsforskere og hardwareproducenter opstod et 'kat og mus'-spil - chipproducenter fors\u00f8gte at blokere s\u00e5rbarheden, mens forskere fandt nye m\u00e5der at omg\u00e5 den p\u00e5. Udover DDR3-chips i Intel x86-systemer er der blevet identificeret angrebsmetoder mod DDR4- og DDR5-chips, systemer med AMD- og ARM-processorer, varianter til omg\u00e5else af ECC-fejlkorrektion, metoder til netv\u00e6rksangreb og gennem udf\u00f8relse af JavaScript-kode i browseren. <\/p>\n
RowHammer-angrebet tillader forvr\u00e6ngning af indholdet i enkelte DRAM-bits ved cyklisk at l\u00e6se data fra n\u00e6rliggende hukommelsesceller. Da DRAM-hukommelse best\u00e5r af et 2D-array af celler, som hver is\u00e6r best\u00e5r af en kondensator og en transistor, f\u00f8rer vedvarende l\u00e6sning af det samme hukommelsesomr\u00e5de til sp\u00e6ndingsfluktuationer og anomalier, der for\u00e5rsager et lille tab af ladning i n\u00e6rliggende celler. Hvis l\u00e6seintensiteten er h\u00f8j, kan den n\u00e6rliggende celle miste en tilstr\u00e6kkelig stor m\u00e6ngde ladning, og den efterf\u00f8lgende regenereringscyklus n\u00e5r ikke at gendanne dens oprindelige tilstand, hvilket f\u00f8rer til en \u00e6ndring af v\u00e6rdien gemt i cellen. For at beskytte mod RowHammer har chipproducenter tilf\u00f8jet TRR-mekanismen (Target Row Refresh), som blokkerer forvr\u00e6ngning af celler i s\u00e6rlige tilf\u00e6lde, men som ikke beskytter mod alle mulige angreb. \u041d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 38C3 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a FlippyRAM, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 Rowhammer \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0421++ \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 MIT. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 live-\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 (1 \u0413\u0411), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441 USB Flash, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f Docker. \u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-121204","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47FlippyRAM \u2014 distribution til test af Rowhammer-angreb | ProHoster","description":"P\u00e5 konferencen 38C3 blev FlippyRAM-rammen pr\u00e6senteret, som er designet til at tjekke for s\u00e5rbarheder, der muligg\u00f8r Rowhammer-angreb for at \u00e6ndre indholdet i 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Kilde: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"