Konstantin Ryabtsev, infrastrukturadministrator for kernel.org, har offentliggjort resultaterne af analysen af trafikken fra tjenesten git.kernel.org, der g\u00f8r det muligt at se indholdet af git-repositorier relateret til udviklingen af Linux-kernen. Tjenesten h\u00e5ndterer dagligt omkring 6 millioner anmodninger om oplysninger om commits, hvoraf 66% kommer fra bots, som kan blokeres ved hj\u00e6lp af Anubis-systemet. 33% af anmodningerne gennemg\u00e5r Anubis-systemet, som kun tillader adgang efter at have fundet en v\u00e6rdi p\u00e5 JavaScript, hvis SHA-256 hash i kombination med den udstedte serverstreng indeholder et bestemt antal ledende nuller (denne opgave kr\u00e6ver CPU-ressourcer til l\u00f8sning, men kr\u00e6ver ikke ressourcer til verifikation). <\/p>\n
Det er umuligt at bestemme pr\u00e6cist, hvem af disse 33%, der er mennesker, og hvem der er avancerede bots, men ud fra karakteren af henvendelserne er det konkluderet, at den samlede andel af legitime anmodninger er cirka 2%, mens de resterende 98% kommer fra scrapers. Et af kendetegnene ved bots er direkte anmodninger om gamle commits i tilf\u00e6ldige gamle grene, som det er usandsynligt, at mennesker vil have brug for i deres arbejde. Botternes aktivitet skaber en enorm parasit\u00e6r belastning p\u00e5 servere<\/a> da det i stedet for at uploade al koden og commit-historikken \u00e9n gang via operationen «git clone», sender bots milliarder af anmodninger, mens de gennemg\u00e5r alle mulige foresp\u00f8rgsler gennem webgr\u00e6nsefladen og gentagne gange anmoder om de samme data med forskellige parametre. <\/p>\n Blokeringen af bots via IP-adresser<\/a> og autonome systemer holdt ikke l\u00e6nge, da bots begyndte at sende anmodninger fra millioner af tilf\u00e6ldige IP-adresser fra hjemmenetv\u00e6rk eller mobile netv\u00e6rk, opn\u00e5et gennem botnets eller monetisering af browserudvidelser. Fra hver adresse sendes kun 4-5 anmodninger, hvorfor det er nyttel\u00f8st at blokere dem p\u00e5 niveauet for firewall. <\/p>\n Et stykke tid hjalp Anubis-systemet med at blokere bots, men med tiden tilpassede bots sig til at udf\u00f8re de beregninger, der blev tilbudt i Anubis. Blandt andet l\u00e6rte bots at l\u00f8se opgaven p\u00e5 sv\u00e6rhedsgrad 5, og det er problematisk at h\u00e6ve sv\u00e6rhedsgraden videre, da selv femte niveau kr\u00e6ver flere sekunders beregninger og generer legitime brugere. <\/p>\n Som et resultat af dette g\u00e5r der mere ressourcer til at h\u00e5ndtere foresp\u00f8rgsler fra scrapers i infrastrukturen p\u00e5 kernel.org end til alle andre former for legitime operationer, inklusive «git clone». P\u00e5 5 servere<\/a>, der betjener git.kernel.org, er 14-16 af de 90 tilg\u00e6ngelige CPU-kerner konstant optaget af at vise git-commits for bots. For at reducere belastningen fors\u00f8ger administratorerne nu at trimme tjenestemulighederne, deaktivere nogle ressourcekr\u00e6vende operationer, begr\u00e6nse anonym adgang og mindske antallet af links, der er tilg\u00e6ngelige for navigering. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d \u0420\u044f\u0431\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b kernel.org, \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430 git.kernel.org, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 git-\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux. \u0415\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 6 \u043c\u043b\u043d \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 66% \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b Anubis. 33% \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b Anubis, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-183180","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd4798% af foresp\u00f8rgslerne til git.kernel.org kommer fra bots, hvilket skaber en enorm parasit\u00e6r belastning | ProHoster","description":"Konstantin Ryabtsev, administrator for infrastrukturen kernel.org, har offentliggjort resultaterne af en trafikunders\u00f8gelse til tjenesten git.kernel.org, der muligg\u00f8r visning af indholdet af git-repositorier fra projekter relateret til udviklingen af 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Kilde: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"