{"id":30268,"date":"2019-10-31T21:34:35","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:34:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-peremeshhat-vygruzhat-i-integrirovat-ochen-bolshie-dannye-dyoshevo-i-bystro-chto-takoe-pushdown-optimizatsiya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:34:35","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:34:35","slug":"kak-peremeshhat-vygruzhat-i-integrirovat-ochen-bolshie-dannye-dyoshevo-i-bystro-chto-takoe-pushdown-optimizatsiya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/kak-peremeshhat-vygruzhat-i-integrirovat-ochen-bolshie-dannye-dyoshevo-i-bystro-chto-takoe-pushdown-optimizatsiya","title":{"rendered":"\ud83e\udd47Kubernetes 1.14: oversigt over de vigtigste nyheder | ProHoster","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Enhver operation med store datam\u00e6ngder kr\u00e6ver stor beregningskraft. Almindelig overf\u00f8rsel af data fra en database til Hadoop kan tage flere uger eller koste som en flyvinge. \u00d8nsker du ikke at vente og bruge penge? Balancer belastningen p\u00e5 forskellige platforme. En m\u00e5de at g\u00f8re det p\u00e5 er pushdown-optimering.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jeg bad den f\u00f8rende tr\u00e6ner i Rusland for udvikling og administration af Informatica-produkter, Alexey Ananyev, fort\u00e6lle om pushdown-optimeringsfunktionen i Informatica Big Data Management (BDM). Har du engang l\u00e6rt at arbejde med Informatica-produkter? Sandsynligvis var det Alexey, der fortalte dig om grundl\u00e6ggende PowerCenter og forklarede, hvordan man bygger mappinger. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Alexey Ananyev, leder af l\u00e6ringsafdelingen hos DIS Group<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Hvad er pushdown?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mange af jer er allerede bekendt med Informatica Big Data Management (BDM). Produktet kan integrere store data fra forskellige kilder, overf\u00f8re dem mellem forskellige systemer, sikre nem adgang til dem, muligg\u00f8re profilering af dem og meget mere.<br \/>\nI dygtige h\u00e6nder kan BDM udf\u00f8re mirakler: opgaver vil blive udf\u00f8rt hurtigt og med minimale beregningsressourcer. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vil du ogs\u00e5 det? L\u00e6r at bruge pushdown-funktionen i BDM til at fordele beregningsbelastningen mellem forskellige platforme. Pushdown-teknologi giver mulighed for at omdanne mappingen til et script og v\u00e6lge det milj\u00f8, hvor dette script skal k\u00f8re. Muligheden for at v\u00e6lge g\u00f8r det muligt at kombinere styrkerne fra forskellige platforme og opn\u00e5 deres maksimale ydeevne.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>For at konfigurere udf\u00f8relsesmilj\u00f8et for scriptet skal du v\u00e6lge typen af pushdown. Scriptet kan k\u00f8res fuldt ud p\u00e5 Hadoop eller delvist fordeles mellem kilden og modtageren. Der er 4 mulige typer pushdown. Mappingen kan ikke omdannes til et script (native). Mappingen kan udf\u00f8res maksimalt p\u00e5 kilden (source) eller helt p\u00e5 kilden (full). Derudover kan mappingen omdannes til et Hadoop-script (none).<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pushdown-optimering<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>De n\u00e6vnte 4 typer kan kombineres p\u00e5 forskellige m\u00e5der \u2013 optimere pushdown til systemets specifikke behov. For eksempel er det ofte mere hensigtsm\u00e6ssigt at udtr\u00e6kke data fra databasen ved at anvende dens egne muligheder, mens datatransformationen kan udf\u00f8res af Hadoop for ikke at overbelaste selve databasen.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Lad os overveje et tilf\u00e6lde, hvor b\u00e5de kilden og modtageren er i databasen, og udf\u00f8relsesplatformen for transformationerne kan v\u00e6lges: afh\u00e6ngigt af indstillingerne vil det v\u00e6re Informatica, databaseserveren eller Hadoop. Et s\u00e5dant eksempel vil bedst illustrere den tekniske side af arbejdet med denne mekanisme. Selvf\u00f8lgelig opst\u00e5r en s\u00e5dan situation ikke i virkelighedens verden, men den passer bedst til at demonstrere funktionaliteten. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Lad os tage en mapping for at l\u00e6se to tabeller i en enkelt Oracle-database. Og lad resultaterne af l\u00e6sningen blive indskrevet i en tabel i den samme database. Mappingskemaet vil se s\u00e5dan ud:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\ud83e\udd47Kubernetes 1.14: oversigt over de vigtigste nyheder | ProHoster\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/e5bdacf6d7b0c3dbffd56c4876515520.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Som en mapping i Informatica BDM 10.2.1 ser det s\u00e5dan her ud:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\ud83e\udd47Kubernetes 1.14: oversigt over de vigtigste nyheder | ProHoster\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/5e7e1d81f0eac539aaec1c21717341e7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pushdown-type \u2013 native<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Hvis vi v\u00e6lger pushdown native type, vil mappingen blive udf\u00f8rt p\u00e5 <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/server\/dts-dronten\/\"   title=\"serveren\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2457\">serveren<\/a> Informatica. Data vil blive l\u00e6st fra Oracle-serveren, overf\u00f8rt til Informatica-serveren, transformeret d\u00e9r og sendt til Hadoop. Med andre ord f\u00e5r vi en almindelig ETL-proces.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pushdown-type \u2013 source <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ved valg af type source f\u00e5r vi mulighed for at fordele vores proces mellem <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/server\/dts-prohoster\/\"   title=\"serveren\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2959\">serveren<\/a> databaser (DB) og Hadoop. N\u00e5r processen udf\u00f8res med denne indstilling, vil der blive sendt foresp\u00f8rgsler til databasen for at hente data fra tabellerne. Det \u00f8vrige vil blive udf\u00f8rt som trin p\u00e5 Hadoop.<br \/>\nUdf\u00f8relsesskemaet vil se s\u00e5dan ud:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\ud83e\udd47Kubernetes 1.14: oversigt over de vigtigste nyheder | ProHoster\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/8b3b071ea0580394b222da033effceee.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nedenfor er et eksempel p\u00e5 ops\u00e6tningen af udf\u00f8relsesmilj\u00f8et.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\ud83e\udd47Kubernetes 1.14: oversigt over de vigtigste nyheder | ProHoster\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/da7434ae71f4b2265f61fd31e182897e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>I dette tilf\u00e6lde vil mappingen blive udf\u00f8rt i to trin. I dens indstillinger vil vi se, at den er blevet til et script, der vil blive sendt til kilden. Samtidig vil sammenl\u00e6gning af tabeller og transformation af data blive udf\u00f8rt som en omskreven foresp\u00f8rgsel til kilden.<br \/>\nP\u00e5 billedet nedenfor ser vi en optimeret mapping i BDM, og p\u00e5 kilden \u2013 en omskreven foresp\u00f8rgsel.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\ud83e\udd47Kubernetes 1.14: oversigt over de vigtigste nyheder | ProHoster\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/c0e7534b06d2e09785ad8a6c5df15f6f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Hadoop's rolle i denne konfiguration vil v\u00e6re at styre dataflowet \u2013 dirigere det. Resultatet af foresp\u00f8rgslen vil blive sendt til Hadoop. N\u00e5r l\u00e6sningen er afsluttet, vil filen fra Hadoop blive skrevet til modtageren.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pushdown-type \u2013 full <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e5r typen full v\u00e6lges, bliver mappingen helt til en foresp\u00f8rgsel til databasen. Og resultatet af foresp\u00f8rgslen vil blive sendt til Hadoop. Skemaet for en s\u00e5dan proces er pr\u00e6senteret nedenfor.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\ud83e\udd47Kubernetes 1.14: oversigt over de vigtigste nyheder | ProHoster\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/bfbb3f593a7053a0157d481d9b3bce83.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Et eksempel p\u00e5 ops\u00e6tningen er pr\u00e6senteret nedenfor.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\ud83e\udd47Kubernetes 1.14: oversigt over de vigtigste nyheder | ProHoster\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/31c70c7fb10996d5a506c6a4618f5f2f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Som resultat vil vi f\u00e5 en optimeret mapping, der ligner den tidligere. Forskellen er kun, at al logik overf\u00f8res til modtageren i form af overstyring af hans inds\u00e6ttelse. Eksemplet p\u00e5 den optimerede mapping er pr\u00e6senteret nedenfor.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\ud83e\udd47Kubernetes 1.14: oversigt over de vigtigste nyheder | ProHoster\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/edabf7ab6eba768849d096a4319e5126.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Her spiller Hadoop, ligesom f\u00f8r, rollen som dirigent. Men her l\u00e6ses kilden fuldst\u00e6ndigt, og derefter udf\u00f8res databehandlingslogikken p\u00e5 modtagerens niveau.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pushdown-typen \u2013 null<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Og den sidste mulighed \u2013 pushdown-typen, hvori vores mapping vil blive til et script p\u00e5 Hadoop.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Den optimerede mapping vil nu se s\u00e5ledes ud:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\ud83e\udd47Kubernetes 1.14: oversigt over de vigtigste nyheder | ProHoster\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/deb8311403d4e95c2fef06d3b5c94e64.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Her vil dataene fra kildefilerne f\u00f8rst blive l\u00e6st p\u00e5 Hadoop. Derefter vil de to filer blive sl\u00e5et sammen ved hj\u00e6lp af Hadoop selv. Efter dette vil dataene blive transformeret og eksporteret til databasen.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ved at forst\u00e5 principperne for pushdown-optimering kan man meget effektivt organisere mange processer i arbejdet med store data. For nylig har en stor virksomhed p\u00e5 blot f\u00e5 uger eksporteret store data fra lageret til Hadoop, som de tidligere havde samlet i flere \u00e5r.<\/p>\n<p>Kilde: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/445240\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041b\u044e\u0431\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u043d\u0430 Hadoop \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0451\u0442\u0430. \u041d\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f? \u0421\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b. \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u2013 pushdown-\u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f. \u042f \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 Informatica \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u044f \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041b\u044e\u0431\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u043d\u0430 Hadoop \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0451\u0442\u0430.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/kak-peremeshhat-vygruzhat-i-integrirovat-ochen-bolshie-dannye-dyoshevo-i-bystro-chto-takoe-pushdown-optimizatsiya\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"da_DK\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0432\u044b\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0451\u0448\u0435\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e? 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