{"id":30623,"date":"2019-10-31T21:36:34","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/klasternoe-hranilishhe-dlya-nebolshih-web-klasterov-na-baze-drbd-ocfs2\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:36:34","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:34","slug":"klasternoe-hranilishhe-dlya-nebolshih-web-klasterov-na-baze-drbd-ocfs2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/administrirovanie\/klasternoe-hranilishhe-dlya-nebolshih-web-klasterov-na-baze-drbd-ocfs2","title":{"rendered":"Klyngende lager til sm\u00e5 web-klynger basert p\u00e5 drbd+ocfs2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Hva vi vil fortelle om:<\/b><br \/>\nHvordan raskt sette opp et felles lager for to servere basert p\u00e5 l\u00f8sninger drbd+ocfs2. <\/p>\n<p><b>Hvem dette vil v\u00e6re nyttig for:<\/b><br \/>\nTutorialen vil v\u00e6re nyttig for systemadministratorer og alle som velger en metode for \u00e5 implementere lager eller \u00f8nsker \u00e5 pr\u00f8ve l\u00f8sningen.<\/p>\n<h3>Hvilke l\u00f8sninger vi har avvist og hvorfor<\/h3>\n<p>\nOfte st\u00e5r vi overfor situasjonen der vi m\u00e5 implementere et felles lager med god ytelse for lesing \u2014 skriving p\u00e5 en liten web-klynge. Vi har pr\u00f8vd ulike varianter av felles lager for prosjektene v\u00e5re, men lite har v\u00e6rt i stand til \u00e5 tilfredsstille oss umiddelbart p\u00e5 flere kriterier. N\u00e5 vil vi fortelle hvorfor.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Glusterfs tilfredsstilte ikke v\u00e5re krav til lesing og skriving, det oppsto problemer med samtidig lesing av et stort antall filer, og det var h\u00f8y belastning p\u00e5 CPU-en. Problemet med \u00e5 lese filer kunne l\u00f8ses ved \u00e5 g\u00e5 direkte til brick-ene, men dette er ikke alltid praktisk og generelt sett feil. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ceph falt i utvalg p\u00e5 grunn av sin un\u00f8dvendige kompleksitet, som kan v\u00e6re skadelig i prosjekter med 2-4 <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/server\/dts-dusseldorf\/\"   title=\"servere\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3413\">servere<\/a>, spesielt hvis prosjektet senere skal vedlikeholdes. Igjen er det betydelige ytelsesbegrensninger som tvinger fram oppbygging av separate lagringsklynger, akkurat som med glusterfs. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bruk av en enkelt nfs-server for implementering av felles lager reiser sp\u00f8rsm\u00e5l om feiltoleranse. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> s3 \u2014 en utmerket popul\u00e6r l\u00f8sning for visse oppgaver, men det er heller ikke et filsystem, noe som begrenser bruksomr\u00e5dene.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>lsyncd. Hvis vi allerede har begynt \u00e5 snakke om \u00abikke-filsystemer\u00bb, b\u00f8r vi ogs\u00e5 ta en gjennomgang av denne popul\u00e6re l\u00f8sningen. Ikke bare passer den ikke for toveis utveksling (men hvis man virkelig \u00f8nsker det, kan det gj\u00f8res), men den fungerer ogs\u00e5 ustabilt med et stort antall filer. En annen ulempe er at den er entr\u00e5det. \u00c5rsaken ligger i programmets arkitektur: den bruker inotify for \u00e5 overv\u00e5ke objekter i drift, som den smetter inn ved oppstart og ved ny skanning. Rsync brukes som overf\u00f8ringsmiddel. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Tutorial: hvordan sette opp et felles lager basert p\u00e5 drbd+ocfs2<\/h3>\n<p>\nEn av de mest praktiske l\u00f8sningene for oss ble kombinasjonen <b>ocfs2+drbd<\/b>. Vi vil nu fort\u00e6lle, hvordan man hurtigt kan oprette en delt lagerl\u00f8sning for to <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/server\/\"   title=\"servere\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1291\">servere<\/a> baseret p\u00e5 datal\u00f8sninger. Men f\u00f8rst lidt om komponenterne:<\/p>\n<p><b>DRBD<\/b> \u2014 en lagringssystem fra standardleverancen af Linux, der g\u00f8r det muligt at replikere data mellem servere i blokke. Den prim\u00e6re anvendelse er i opbygningen af fejltolerante lagre.<\/p>\n<p><b>OCFS2<\/b> \u2014 et filsystem, der muligg\u00f8r deling af den samme lagerl\u00f8sning mellem flere systemer. Det indg\u00e5r i leverancen af Linux og best\u00e5r af en kernelmodul og userspace v\u00e6rkt\u00f8j til at arbejde med filsystemet. OCFS2 kan bruges ikke kun oven p\u00e5 DRBD, men ogs\u00e5 oven p\u00e5 iSCSI med flere forbindelser. I vores eksempel bruger vi DRBD.<\/p>\n<p>Alle handlinger udf\u00f8res p\u00e5 ubuntu server 18.04 i en minimal konfiguration.<\/p>\n<p><b>Trin 1. Konfigurer DRBD:<br \/>\n<\/b><br \/>\nI filen \/etc\/drbd.d\/drbd0.res beskriver vi vores virtuelle blokenhed \/dev\/drbd0:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">resource drbd0 {\n    syncer { rate 1000M; }\n    net {\n        allow-two-primaries;\n        after-sb-0pri discard-zero-changes;\n        after-sb-1pri discard-secondary;\n        after-sb-2pri disconnect;\n    }\n    startup { become-primary-on both; }\n    on drbd1 {\n        meta-disk internal;\n        device \/dev\/drbd0;\n        disk \/dev\/vdb1;\n        address 10.10.10.192:7789;\n}\n    on drbd2 {\n        meta-disk internal;\n        device \/dev\/drbd0;\n        disk \/dev\/vdb1;\n        address 10.10.10.193:7789;\n}\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<i>meta-disk internal<\/i> \u2014 bruge de samme blokenheder til at lagre metadata<br \/>\n<i>device \/dev\/drbd0<\/i> \u2014 brug \/dev\/drbd0 som sti til drbd.<br \/>\n<i>disk \/dev\/vdb1<\/i> \u2014 brug \/dev\/vdb1 <br \/>\n<i>syncer { rate 1000M; }<\/i> \u2014 bruge en gigabit b\u00e5ndbredde p\u00e5 kanalen<br \/>\n<i>allow-two-primaries<\/i> \u2014 en vigtig mulighed, der tillader \u00e6ndringer at blive accepteret p\u00e5 to prim\u00e6re servere<br \/>\n<i>after-sb-0pri, after-sb-1pri, after-sb-2pri<\/i> \u2014 muligheder, der beskriver nodens handlinger ved opdagelse af splitbrain. Du kan finde flere oplysninger i dokumentationen.<br \/>\n<i>become-primary-on both<\/i> \u2014 s\u00e6tter begge noder som prim\u00e6re.<\/p>\n<p>I vores tilf\u00e6lde har vi to helt identiske VM'er, med et dedikeret virtuelt netv\u00e6rk med en b\u00e5ndbredde p\u00e5 10 gigabit.<\/p>\n<p>I vores eksempel er netv\u00e6rksnavnene for de to noden i klyngen drbd1 og drbd2. For korrekt funktion skal du matche navne og IP-adresser i \/etc\/hosts.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">10.10.10.192 drbd1\n10.10.10.193 drbd2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b>Trin 2. Konfigurer noderne:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>P\u00e5 begge servere udf\u00f8rer vi:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">drbdadm create-md drbd0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klyngende lager til sm\u00e5 web-klynger basert p\u00e5 drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/38b0a4a4fc60ac617abfad6e8f755ae7.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">modprobe drbd\ndrbdadm up drbd0\ncat \/proc\/drbd<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nVi f\u00e5r f\u00f8lgende:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klyngende lager til sm\u00e5 web-klynger basert p\u00e5 drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/91c48ed32cd1471e4076934d041966d8.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nVi kan starte synkroniseringen. P\u00e5 den f\u00f8rste node skal du udf\u00f8re:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">drbdadm primary --force drbd0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nTjek status:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">cat \/proc\/drbd<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klyngende lager til sm\u00e5 web-klynger basert p\u00e5 drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/b94b54b1050595bec774adf6c5190968.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPerfekt, synkroniseringen er startet. Vi venter p\u00e5, at det afsluttes, og ser resultatet:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klyngende lager til sm\u00e5 web-klynger basert p\u00e5 drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/7f9e2d3664d3a578c74e72b8bc4c1a7f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Trin 3. Starter synkronisering p\u00e5 den anden node:<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">drbdadm primary --force drbd0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nVi f\u00e5r f\u00f8lgende:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klyngende lager til sm\u00e5 web-klynger basert p\u00e5 drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/ad3d616ca84fa26a18574f433bb7d9fe.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNu kan vi skrive til drbd fra to servere.<\/p>\n<p><b>Trin 4. Installation og konfiguration af ocfs2.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Vi bruger en ganske triviel konfiguration:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">cluster:\n     node_count = 2\n     name = ocfs2cluster\n\nnode:\n     number = 1\n     cluster = ocfs2cluster\n     ip_port = 7777\n     ip_address = 10.10.10.192\n     name = drbd1\n\nnode:\n     number = 2\n     cluster = ocfs2cluster\n     ip_port = 7777\n     ip_address = 10.10.10.193\n     name = drbd2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDen skal skrives til <i>\/etc\/ocfs2\/cluster.conf<\/i> p\u00e5 begge noder.<\/p>\n<p>Opretter FS p\u00e5 drbd0 p\u00e5 en hvilken som helst node:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">mkfs.ocfs2 -L \"testVol\" \/dev\/drbd0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nHer har vi oprettet FS med etiketten testVol p\u00e5 drbd0 ved at bruge standardindstillingerne.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klyngende lager til sm\u00e5 web-klynger basert p\u00e5 drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/d147b91ca6f39d846023d8b5c35a240e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nI \/etc\/default\/o2cb skal der s\u00e6ttes (som i vores konfigurationsfil)<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">O2CB_ENABLED=true \nO2CB_BOOTCLUSTER=ocfs2cluster <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nog udf\u00f8re p\u00e5 hver node:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">o2cb register-cluster ocfs2cluster<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDerefter aktiverer vi og tilf\u00f8jer til automatisk opstart alle n\u00f8dvendige enheder:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">systemctl enable drbd o2cb ocfs2\nsystemctl start drbd o2cb ocfs2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nEn del af dette vil allerede v\u00e6re startet under konfigurationen.<\/p>\n<p><b>Trin 5. Tilf\u00f8jer monteringspunkter i fstab p\u00e5 begge noder:<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\/dev\/drbd0 \/media\/shared ocfs2 defaults,noauto,heartbeat=local 0 0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nBiblioteket <i>\/media\/shared<\/i> skal oprettes p\u00e5 forh\u00e5nd.<\/p>\n<p>Her bruger vi indstillingerne noauto, hvilket betyder, at FS ikke vil blive monteret ved opstart (jeg foretr\u00e6kker at montere netv\u00e6rksfiler gennem systemd) og heartbeat=local, hvilket betyder brugen af heartbeat-tjenesten p\u00e5 hver node. Der findes ogs\u00e5 en global heartbeat, som er bedre egnet til st\u00f8rre klynger.<\/p>\n<p>Derefter kan vi montere <i>\/media\/shared<\/i> og kontrollere synkroniseringen af indhold.<\/p>\n<p><b>F\u00e6rdig!<\/b> Som resultat f\u00e5r vi et mere eller mindre fejltolerant lager med mulighed for skalering og anst\u00e6ndig ydeevne.<br \/>\n<br \/>Kilde: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/445612\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c: \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 drbd+ocfs2. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e: \u0422\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":22614,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30623","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com 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