{"id":30858,"date":"2019-10-31T21:37:49","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:37:49","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:49","slug":"pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/news\/pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni","title":{"rendered":"Den f\u00f8rste computer-g\u00e9nom kan f\u00f8re til skabelsen af syntetiske livsformer","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Alle DNA-sekvenser fra de livsformer, der er blevet unders\u00f8gt af forskerne, opbevares i en database, der tilh\u00f8rer National Center for Biotechnology Information i USA. Den 1. april blev der tilf\u00f8jet en ny post til databasen: \u00abCaulobacter ethensis-2.0\u00bb. Dette er den f\u00f8rste computer-simulerede og derefter syntetiserede genombeskrivelse af en levende organisme i verden, udviklet af forskere fra ETH Z\u00fcrich (Det Schweiziske F\u00f8derale Institut for Teknologi i Z\u00fcrich). Det er dog vigtigt at understrege, at selvom genomet C. ethensis-2.0 er blevet syntetiseret som et stort DNA-molekyle, eksisterer den tilsvarende levende organisme endnu ikke.<\/p>\n

\"Den<\/p>\n

Forskningsarbejdet blev udf\u00f8rt af Bit Kristen, professor i eksperimentel systembiologi, og hans bror Matthias Kristen \u2013 kemiker. Det nye genom, kaldet Caulobacter ethensis-2.0, blev skabt ved at rense og optimere den naturlige kode fra bakterien Caulobacter crescentus \u2013 en ufarlig bakterie, som findes i ferskvand verden over.  <\/p>\n

\"Den
\n<\/center><\/p>\n

For mere end ti \u00e5r siden skabte et team under ledelse af genetikeren Craig Venter den f\u00f8rste \u00absyntetiske\u00bb bakterie. I deres arbejde syntetiserede forskerne en kopi af genomet fra Mycoplasma mycoides, som derefter blev implanteret i en v\u00e6rtscelle, der herefter viste sig at v\u00e6re helt levedygtig og bevarede sin evne til selvreproduktion.<\/p>\n

Den nye forskning forts\u00e6tter Craigs arbejde. Mens forskerne tidligere skabte en digital model af DNA'et fra en \u00e6gte organisme og p\u00e5 basis heraf syntetiserede et molekyle, g\u00e5r det nye projekt videre ved at bruge den oprindelige DNA-kode. Forskerne har betydeligt omarbejdet den, f\u00f8r de syntetiserede og testede dens funktionalitet.<\/p>\n

Forskerne startede med det originale genom fra C. crescentus, som indeholder 4000 gener. Som med alle levende organismer b\u00e6rer st\u00f8rstedelen af disse gener ikke nogen information og er klassificeret som \u00abaffald-DNA\u00bb. Efter analysen konkluderede forskerne, at kun omkring 680 af dem er n\u00f8dvendige for at opretholde bakteriers liv i laboratoriet.<\/p>\n

Efter fjernelsen af \u00abaffald-DNA\u00bb og opn\u00e5elsen af det minimale genom fra C. crescentus fortsatte teamet deres arbejde. For DNA fra levende organismer er det karakteristisk at have indbygget redundans, hvilket betyder, at syntesen af det samme protein kodes af forskellige gener p\u00e5 flere steder i k\u00e6den. Forskerne udskiftede mere end 1\/6 af de 800.000 bogstaver i DNA'et under optimeringen for at fjerne duplikeret kode.<\/p>\n

«Takket v\u00e6re vores algoritme har vi helt omskrevet genomet til en ny sekvens af DNA-bogstaver, som ikke l\u00e6ngere ligner det oprindelige», siger Bit Kristen, medforfatter p\u00e5 unders\u00f8gelsen. «Den biologiske funktion p\u00e5 proteinniveau forbliver u\u00e6ndret».<\/p>\n

For at teste om den resulterende k\u00e6de ville fungere ordentligt i en levende celle, dyrkede forskerne en stamme bakterier, der havde b\u00e5de det naturlige Caulobacter-genom og segmenter af det kunstige genomer. Forskere slukkede for individuelle natugelige gener og testede deres kunstige analogers evne til at udf\u00f8re samme biologiske rolle. Resultatet var ret imponerende: omkring 580 ud af 680 kunstige gener viste sig at v\u00e6re funktionelle.<\/p>\n

«Med de opn\u00e5ede data kan vi forbedre vores algoritme og udvikle en ny version af genom 3.0», siger Kristen. «Vi mener, at vi i den n\u00e6rmeste fremtid vil skabe levende bakterielle celler med et fuldst\u00e6ndig syntetisk genom».<\/p>\n

I den indledende fase vil s\u00e5danne unders\u00f8gelser hj\u00e6lpe genetikere med at kontrollere n\u00f8jagtigheden af deres viden om forst\u00e5elsen af DNA og rollen for individuelle gener i det, da enhver fejl i syntesen af k\u00e6den vil f\u00f8re til, at organismen med det nye genom vil d\u00f8 eller v\u00e6re defekt. I fremtiden vil de f\u00f8re til fremkomsten af syntetiske mikroorganismer, der vil blive skabt til forudbestemte opgaver. Kunstige vira vil kunne bek\u00e6mpe deres naturlige sl\u00e6gtninge, og specielle bakterier vil producere vitaminer eller medicin.<\/p>\n

Unders\u00f8gelsen blev offentliggjort i tidsskriftet PNAS.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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Kilde: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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