{"id":31305,"date":"2019-10-31T21:40:34","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:40:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/realizatsiya-ssd-keshirovaniya-v-shd-qsan-xcubesan\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:40:34","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:40:34","slug":"realizatsiya-ssd-keshirovaniya-v-shd-qsan-xcubesan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/administrirovanie\/realizatsiya-ssd-keshirovaniya-v-shd-qsan-xcubesan","title":{"rendered":"Implementering af SSD caching i QSAN XCubeSAN lagringssystemer","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Teknologier til at forbedre ydeevnen, der er baseret p\u00e5 brugen af SSD'er og bredt anvendt i lagringssystemer, blev for l\u00e6nge siden opfundet. F\u00f8rst og fremmest er det brugen af SSD'er som lagringsplads, hvilket er 100% effektivt, men dyrt. Derfor anvendes teknologier som tiering og caching, hvor SSD'er kun bruges til de mest efterspurgte ('varme') data. Tiering er godt til scenarier med langvarig (dage-uger) brug af 'varme' data. Caching, derimod, er til kortvarig (minutter-timer) brug. Begge disse muligheder er implementeret i lagringssystemet. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/goods\/sistemyi-xraneniya-dannyix\/\">QSAN XCubeSAN<\/a><\/noindex>. I denne artikel vil vi gennemg\u00e5 implementeringen af den anden algoritme \u2013 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/soft\/san-os-4.0\/ssd-keshirovanie-(qcache-2.0).html\">SSD caching<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering af SSD caching i QSAN XCubeSAN lagringssystemer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/e2e97119a949509f4a3fe8e17a4238ac.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Essensen af SSD caching teknologien er at bruge SSD'er som en mellemstation mellem harddiske og controllerens RAM. Ydeevnen af SSD'er er selvf\u00f8lgelig lavere end ydeevnen af controllerens eget cache, men kapaciteten er til geng\u00e6ld langt h\u00f8jere. Derfor f\u00e5r vi et kompromis mellem hastighed og volumen.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>Indikationer for brug af SSD-cache til l\u00e6sning:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Overv\u00e6gt af l\u00e6seoperationer frem for skriveoperationer (ofte karakteristisk for databaser og webapplikationer);<\/li>\n<li>Tilstedev\u00e6relsen af en flaskehals i form af harddiskarrayets ydeevne;<\/li>\n<li>Volumen af efterspurgte data er mindre end volumen af SSD-cache.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Indikationerne for brug af SSD-cache til l\u00e6sning + skrivning er de samme som \u00e5rsagerne, bortset fra arten af operationerne - blandet type (f.eks. filserver).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Flertallet af leverand\u00f8rer af lagringssystemer bruger SSD-cache i deres produkter kun til l\u00e6seoperationer. Den v\u00e6sentligste forskel <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/\">QSAN <\/a><\/noindex>fra dem er muligheden for at bruge cachen ogs\u00e5 til skrivning. For at aktivere funktionaliteten af SSD caching i QSAN-lagringssystemet kr\u00e6ves der k\u00f8b af en separat licens (leveres elektronisk).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>SSD-cache i XCubeSAN er fysisk implementeret som separate SSD-cache puljer. Der kan v\u00e6re op til fire puljer i systemet. Hver pulje bruger naturligvis sit eget s\u00e6t af SSD'er. I egenskaberne for den virtuelle disk definerer vi, om den skal bruge cache puljen, og hvilken specifik pulje der skal anvendes. Aktivering og deaktivering af cache-brug for volumener kan ske online uden at stoppe ind-\/udgang. SSD'er kan ogs\u00e5 tilf\u00f8jes til eller fjernes fra puljen \"live\". Ved oprettelse af en SSD-cache pulje skal man v\u00e6lge, hvilken driftsmode den skal fungere i: kun l\u00e6sning eller l\u00e6sning + skrivning. Dette afh\u00e6nger af den fysiske organisation. Da der kan v\u00e6re flere cache puljer, kan de have forskellige funktionaliteter (dvs. systemet kan have cache puljer til b\u00e5de l\u00e6sning og l\u00e6sning + skrivning samtidig).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Hvis cache puljen kun bruges til l\u00e6sning, kan den best\u00e5 af 1-8 SSD'er. Drevene beh\u00f8ver ikke n\u00f8dvendigvis at have samme kapacitet eller v\u00e6re fra samme producent, da de kombineres i NRAID+ strukturen. Alle SSD'er i puljen bruges f\u00e6lles. Systemet fors\u00f8ger automatisk at parallelisere de indkommende anmodninger mellem alle SSD'er for at opn\u00e5 maksimal ydeevne. Hvis en af SSD'erne skulle fejle, vil det ikke v\u00e6re katastrofalt: cachen indeholder kun en kopi af de data, der er gemt p\u00e5 arrayet af harddiske. Det tilg\u00e6ngelige SSD-cache kapacitet vil blot falde (eller blive nul, hvis den oprindelige SSD-cache kun kom fra en enhed).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering af SSD caching i QSAN XCubeSAN lagringssystemer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1e592445ff41335c844e0a47b2e664c3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Hvis cachen derimod bruges til l\u00e6se + skrive operationer, skal antallet af SSD'er i puljen v\u00e6re et lige tal, da indholdet spejles p\u00e5 par af enheder (NRAID 1+ struktur anvendes). Dublikation af cachen er n\u00f8dvendig, fordi den kan indeholde data, som endnu ikke er blevet skrevet til harddiskene. I dette tilf\u00e6lde ville et fejl p\u00e5 en SSD i cache puljen f\u00f8re til tab af information. I NRAID 1+ tilf\u00e6ldet vil nedbrud af en SSD blot f\u00f8re til, at cachen skifter til \"kun l\u00e6sning\" med tilbagel\u00e6gning af de uregistrerede data til harddisk arrayet. Efter udskiftning af den defekte SSD vil cachen vende tilbage til sin oprindelige driftsmode. For \u00f8vrigt kan man for ekstra sikkerhed tildele en dedikeret hot spare til cachen, der arbejder i l\u00e6se + skrive mode.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering af SSD caching i QSAN XCubeSAN lagringssystemer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/61c6ba4b29ab31c3ded112b12f8103ce.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Ved brug af SSD-cachefunktionen i XCubeSAN er der en r\u00e6kke krav til r\u00e6kkef\u00f8lgen af controllerens hukommelse: Jo mere systemhukommelse, desto st\u00f8rre vil cache-poolen v\u00e6re tilg\u00e6ngelig.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering af SSD caching i QSAN XCubeSAN lagringssystemer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/40da0dba6094c55adaa54b8d9cbc1bcd.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>I mods\u00e6tning til de fleste producenter af lagringssystemer, der kun tilbyder mulighed for at aktivere\/deaktivere SSD-cachen, giver QSAN st\u00f8rre muligheder. Is\u00e6r kan man v\u00e6lge cache-arbejdsmodus afh\u00e6ngigt af belastningens art. Der er tre foruddefinerede skabeloner, der er t\u00e6ttest p\u00e5 at arbejde i forhold til de tilsvarende tjenester: databasesystem, filsystem, webtjeneste. Derudover kan administratoren oprette sin egen profil ved at indtaste de \u00f8nskede parameterindstillinger: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Block st\u00f8rrelse (Cache Block Size) \u2013 1\/2\/4 MB<\/li>\n<li>Antallet af l\u00e6seanmodninger for blokken, s\u00e5 den kopieres til cachen (Populate-on-Read Threshold) \u2013 1..4<\/li>\n<li>Antallet af skriveanmodninger for blokken, s\u00e5 den kopieres til cachen (Populate-on-Write Threshold) \u2013 0..4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering af SSD caching i QSAN XCubeSAN lagringssystemer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/b584e87c4b067ac06a4b78063007f31f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Profiler kan \u00e6ndres 'on-the-fly', men naturligvis med rydning af cacheindholdet og opvarmning af den igen.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e5r man ser p\u00e5 SSD-cache-princippet, kan man fremh\u00e6ve de vigtigste operationer, n\u00e5r man arbejder med den:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#1\">L\u00e6sning af data, n\u00e5r de ikke er i cachen;<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#2\">L\u00e6sning af data, n\u00e5r de er til stede i cachen;<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#3\">Skrivning af data ved brug af cache til l\u00e6sning;<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#4\">Skrivning af data ved brug af cache til l\u00e6sning + skrivning.<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"1\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering af SSD caching i QSAN XCubeSAN lagringssystemer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/c9f70934f1d9bed5ad60c716bcd3ed30.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>L\u00e6sning af data, n\u00e5r de ikke er i cachen<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Anmodning fra v\u00e6rten g\u00e5r til controllere;<\/li>\n<li>Da de anmodede data ikke er i SSD-cachen, l\u00e6ses de fra h\u00e5rde diske;<\/li>\n<li>De l\u00e6ste data sendes til v\u00e6rten. Samtidig tjekkes det, om disse blokke er 'varme';<\/li>\n<li>Hvis ja, kopieres de til SSD-cachen til fremtidig brug.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"2\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering af SSD caching i QSAN XCubeSAN lagringssystemer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/9eac4b4cf003fb310101b3981dfed177.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>L\u00e6sning af data, n\u00e5r de er til stede i cachen<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Anmodning fra v\u00e6rten g\u00e5r til controllere;<\/li>\n<li>Da de anmodede data er i SSD-cachen, l\u00e6ses de derfra;<\/li>\n<li>De l\u00e6ste data sendes til v\u00e6rten.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"3\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering af SSD caching i QSAN XCubeSAN lagringssystemer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/ae1f52f5882f19916f0b49b0619dae41.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Skrivning af data ved brug af cache til l\u00e6sning <\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Anmodning om skrivning fra v\u00e6rten g\u00e5r til controllere;<\/li>\n<li>Dataene skrives til h\u00e5rde diske;<\/li>\n<li>V\u00e6rten modtager en bekr\u00e6ftelse p\u00e5, at skrivningen er vellykket;<\/li>\n<li>Samtidig kontrolleres det, om blokken er 'varm' (sammenlignes med parameteren Populate-on-Write Threshold). Hvis ja, kopieres den til SSD-cachen til efterf\u00f8lgende brug.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"4\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering af SSD caching i QSAN XCubeSAN lagringssystemer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/b69debdc836e3c1d93f64aa8724dd322.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Skrivning af data ved brug af cache til l\u00e6sning + skrivning<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Anmodning om skrivning fra v\u00e6rten g\u00e5r til controllere;<\/li>\n<li>Dataene skrives til SSD-cachen;<\/li>\n<li>V\u00e6rten modtager en bekr\u00e6ftelse p\u00e5, at skrivningen er vellykket;<\/li>\n<li>Data from the SSD cache is written to hard drives in the background;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Case check <\/h2>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Testb\u00e6nk<\/b><\/p>\n<p>2 servers (CPU: 2 x Xeon E5-2620v3 2.4Hz \/ RAM: 32GB) connected by two ports via Fibre Channel 16G directly to the XCubeSAN XS5224D storage system (16GB RAM\/controller).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>16 x Seagate Constellation ES, ST500NM0001, 500GB, SAS 6Gb\/s were used combined in RAID5 (15+1) for the data array and 8 x HGST Ultrastar SSD800MH.B, HUSMH8010BSS200, 100GB, SAS 12Gb\/s as cache.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>2 volumes were created: one for each server. <\/p>\n<h3>Test 1. SSD cache read-only with 1-8 SSDs<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>SSD Cache<\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>I\/O Type: Customization<\/li>\n<li>Cache Block Size: 4MB<\/li>\n<li><b>Populate-on-read Threshold: 1<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Populate-on-write Threshold: 0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>I\/O Pattern<\/b> <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tool: IOmeter V1.1.0<\/li>\n<li>Workers: 1<\/li>\n<li>Outstanding (Queue Depth): 128<\/li>\n<li><b>Access Specifications: 4KB, 100% Read, 100% Random<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering af SSD caching i QSAN XCubeSAN lagringssystemer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/6d9f4d3912d066662067fba52eb0e938.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering af SSD caching i QSAN XCubeSAN lagringssystemer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/665aa2f35d5d78bdb4a128eaea55faf2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In theory, the more SSDs in the cache pool, the higher the performance. This was confirmed in practice. However, a significant increase in the number of SSDs with a small number of volumes does not lead to explosive effects. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Test 2. SSD cache in read + write mode with 2-8 SSDs<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>SSD Cache<\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> I\/O Type: Customization<\/li>\n<li>Cache Block Size: 4MB<\/li>\n<li>Populate-on-read Threshold: 1<\/li>\n<li><b>Populate-on-write Threshold: 1 <\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>I\/O Pattern<\/b> <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tool: IOmeter V1.1.0<\/li>\n<li>Workers: 1<\/li>\n<li>Outstanding (Queue Depth): 128<\/li>\n<li><b>Access Specifications: 4KB, 100% Write, 100% Random <\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering af SSD caching i QSAN XCubeSAN lagringssystemer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/6177fe7ef2c74045d760ba94598acb34.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering af SSD caching i QSAN XCubeSAN lagringssystemer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/2e1f749b827d43dd3fa8dcd33243bd9e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The same result: explosive performance growth and scaling with an increase in the number of SSDs.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>In both tests, the amount of working data was less than the total cache size. Therefore, over time, all blocks were copied to the cache. Essentially, the work was carried out with the SSDs, practically not touching the hard drives. The goal of these tests was to clearly demonstrate the efficiency of cache warming and scaling its performance depending on the number of SSDs.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Now let\u2019s come back down to earth and check a more realistic situation, where the data volume exceeds the cache size. To ensure the test is completed in a reasonable time (the 'warming' period of the cache significantly increases with the volume size), we will limit the volume size to 120GB. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Test 3. Database operation emulation <\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>SSD Cache<\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <b>I\/O Type: Database<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Cache Block Size: 1MB<\/li>\n<li>Populate-on-read Threshold: 2<\/li>\n<li>Populate-on-write Threshold: 1 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>I\/O Pattern<\/b> <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tool: IOmeter V1.1.0<\/li>\n<li>Workers: 1<\/li>\n<li>Outstanding (Queue Depth): 128<\/li>\n<li><b>Access Specifications: 8KB, 67% Read, 100% Random<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering af SSD caching i QSAN XCubeSAN lagringssystemer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/949b9fc604cf3a932ebf308d19fc9ff1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Dom <\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>An obvious conclusion is that using SSD cache is quite effective for enhancing the performance of any storage system. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/goods\/sistemyi-xraneniya-dannyix\/\">QSAN XCubeSAN<\/a><\/noindex> Denne erkl\u00e6ring g\u00e6lder i h\u00f8j grad: SSD-cache-funktionen er fremragende implementeret. Dette g\u00e6lder for st\u00f8tte til l\u00e6se- og l\u00e6se + skrive-tilstande, fleksible indstillinger til arbejde for alle brugsscenarier samt det samlede systemets pr\u00e6station. Derfor kan man for en meget rimelig pris (licensprisen svarer til prisen p\u00e5 1-2 SSD'er) markant forbedre den samlede ydeevne.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Kilde: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skilline\/blog\/432366\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 SSD \u0438 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0421\u0425\u0414, \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e 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