{"id":31519,"date":"2019-10-31T21:41:40","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:41:40","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:40","slug":"elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/news\/elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh","title":{"rendered":"Elektrisk stimulation af hjernen har hjulpet \u00e6ldres hukommelse med at indhente de unges.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Fra behandling af depression til at reducere konsekvenserne af Parkinsons sygdom og v\u00e6kke patienter i vegetativ tilstand, har elektrisk stimulering af hjernen et enormt potentiale. En af de nye unders\u00f8gelser har rettet sine kr\u00e6fter mod at stoppe nedgangen i kognitiv evne ved at forbedre hukommelse og l\u00e6ringsevner. Et eksperiment udf\u00f8rt af forskere fra Boston University har vist en ikke-invasiv teknik, der kan genoprette arbejdshukommelsen hos 70-\u00e5rige, s\u00e5 den matcher hukommelsen hos 20-\u00e5rige.<\/p>\n

I mange unders\u00f8gelser om hjerneg\u523a\u6fc0 anvendes elektrode, som implanteres i bestemte dele af hjernen, til at levere elektriske impulser. Denne procedure kaldes 'dyb' eller 'direkte' hjerneg\u523a\u6fc0 og har sine fordele p\u00e5 grund af den pr\u00e6cise m\u00e5lretning af indgrebet. Dog er indf\u00f8relsen af elektroder i hjernen ret uhensigtsm\u00e6ssig og er forbundet med visse risici for bet\u00e6ndelse eller infektion ved ikke at overholde alle kirurgiske standarder.<\/p>\n

Et alternativ er indirekte stimulering ved hj\u00e6lp af en ikke-invasiv (ikke-kirurgisk) metode via elektroder placeret p\u00e5 hovedbunden, hvilket muligg\u00f8r s\u00e5danne procedurer selv i hjemmet. Dette var den metode, som Rob Reinhart, neurobiolog fra Boston University, valgte at benytte for at forbedre hukommelsen hos \u00e6ldre mennesker, hvis hukommelse typisk sv\u00e6kkes med alderen.<\/p>\n

\"Elektrisk
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For at v\u00e6re mere pr\u00e6cis var hans eksperimenter helt fokuseret p\u00e5 arbejdshukommelse, som aktiveres, n\u00e5r vi for eksempel husker, hvad vi skal k\u00f8be i supermarkedet, eller pr\u00f8ver at finde biln\u00f8glerne. If\u00f8lge Reinhart kan arbejdshukommelsen begynde at forringes allerede ved 30-\u00e5rsalderen, da forskellige dele af hjernen begynder at miste deres sammenh\u00e6ng og bliver mindre koordinerede. N\u00e5r vi n\u00e5r 60 eller 70 \u00e5r, kan denne mangel p\u00e5 sammenh\u00e6ng f\u00f8re til m\u00e6rkbare neds\u00e6ttelser i de kognitive funktioner.<\/p>\n

Forskeren har fundet en m\u00e5de at genoprette de beskadigede neurale forbindelser p\u00e5. Metoden er baseret p\u00e5 to elementer af hjernens funktion. Den f\u00f8rste er 'kobling', hvor forskellige dele af hjernen aktiveres i en bestemt r\u00e6kkef\u00f8lge, ligesom et veltilrettelagt orkester. Den anden er 'synkronisering', hvor de langsommere rytmer, kendt som theta-rytmer og relateret til hippocampus, synkroniseres korrekt. Begge disse funktioner forringes med alderen og p\u00e5virker hukommelsens funktion.<\/p>\n

\"Elektrisk<\/p>\n

Til sit eksperiment involverede Reinhardt en gruppe unge mennesker omkring 20 \u00e5r samt en gruppe \u00e6ldre mennesker mellem 60 og 70 \u00e5r. Hver gruppe skulle udf\u00f8re en r\u00e6kke specificerede opgaver, der involverede at se et billede, holde pause, se det andet billede, og derefter identificere forskelle i dem fra hukommelsen.<\/p>\n

Det er ikke overraskende, at den yngre eksperimentelle gruppe klarede sig betydeligt bedre end den \u00e6ldre gruppe. Men derefter anvendte Reinhardt 25 minutters bl\u00f8d stimulation af hjernebarken hos de \u00e6ldre mennesker med impulser tilpasset hver patients neuronale konturer i overensstemmelse med det omr\u00e5de af hjernebarken, der er ansvarligt for arbejdshukommelse. Efter dette fortsatte grupperne med at udf\u00f8re opgaverne, og forskellen i opgavepr\u00e6stationen mellem dem forsvandt. Effekten varede i det mindste 50 minutter efter stimulationen. Desuden fandt Reinhardt ud af, at han kunne forbedre hukommelsesfunktionen selv hos unge mennesker, som havde vanskeligheder med opgaverne.<\/p>\n

'Vi har fundet ud af, at fors\u00f8gspersoner i 20'erne, som havde vanskeligheder med at udf\u00f8re opgaver, ogs\u00e5 kunne drage fordel af n\u00f8jagtigt den samme stimulation,' siger Reinhart. 'Vi kunne forbedre deres arbejdshukommelse, selvom de ikke var over 60 eller 70 \u00e5r gamle.'<\/p>\n

Reinhardt h\u00e5ber at forts\u00e6tte med at unders\u00f8ge, hvordan hjernebarkstimulation kan forbedre menneskets hjernefunktion, is\u00e6r for dem, der lider af Alzheimers sygdom.<\/p>\n

'Dette \u00e5bner op for nye muligheder for forskning og behandling,' siger han. 'Og vi er meget glade for dette.'<\/p>\n

Forskningen blev offentliggjort i tidsskriftet Nature Neuroscience.<\/p>\n

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Kilde: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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