{"id":31642,"date":"2019-10-31T21:42:19","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:42:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/planirovanie-infrastruktury-dlya-ustanovki-zimbra-collaboration-suite\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:42:19","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:42:19","slug":"planirovanie-infrastruktury-dlya-ustanovki-zimbra-collaboration-suite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/administrirovanie\/planirovanie-infrastruktury-dlya-ustanovki-zimbra-collaboration-suite","title":{"rendered":"Planl\u00e6gning af infrastrukturen til installation af Zimbra Collaboration Suite","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Implementeringen af enhver IT-l\u00f8sning i en virksomhed begynder med designet. I denne fase skal IT-chefen beregne antallet af servere og deres egenskaber, s\u00e5 det b\u00e5de er tilstr\u00e6kkeligt til at d\u00e6kke behovene for alle brugere og samtidig sikre, at forholdet mellem pris og kvalitet er optimalt, s\u00e5 omkostningerne til oprettelse af den computerm\u00e6ssige infrastruktur til det nye informationssystem ikke skader virksomhedens IT-budget alvorligt. Lad os se n\u00e6rmere p\u00e5, hvordan man skal designe infrastrukturer til implementering af Zimbra Collaboration Suite i virksomheden.<\/p>\n

\"Planl\u00e6gning<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Den prim\u00e6re funktion ved Zimbra i forhold til andre l\u00f8sninger er, at det sj\u00e6ldent er CPU-kraft eller RAM, der bliver flaskehalsen ved ZCS. Det prim\u00e6re begr\u00e6nsende faktor er som regel hastigheden p\u00e5 ind- og udl\u00e6sning af harddisken, og derfor b\u00f8r hovedfokus rettes mod datalagring. De officielt angivne minimale krav til Zimbra i et produktionsmilj\u00f8 er en 4-kernet 64-bit processor med 2 gigahertz clockfrekvens, 10 gigabyte til systemfiler og logfiler samt minimum 8 gigabyte RAM. Disse specifikationer er som regel tilstr\u00e6kkelige til en responsiv serverdrift. Men hvad skal man g\u00f8re, hvis man skal implementere Zimbra for 10.000 brugere? Hvilke servere og hvordan b\u00f8r man implementere dem i s\u00e5dan et tilf\u00e6lde?<\/p>\n

Vi starter med, at infrastrukturen for 10.000 brugere skal v\u00e6re multiserver-baseret. En multiserver-infrastruktur tillader p\u00e5 den ene side at g\u00f8re Zimbra skalerbar og p\u00e5 den anden side at opn\u00e5 responsiv drift af informationssystemet, selv ved et stort antal brugere. Det er ofte meget sv\u00e6rt at forudsige, hvor mange brugere en Zimbra-server effektivt kan betjene, da dette i h\u00f8j grad afh\u00e6nger af intensiteten af deres arbejde med kalendere og e-mail, samt af den anvendte protokol. Derfor vil vi for eksempel implementere 4 mail-lagringssystemer. I tilf\u00e6lde af utilstr\u00e6kkelig eller alvorlig overkapacitet kan man enten slukke for eller tilf\u00f8je endnu en.<\/p>\n

Derfor, n\u00e5r man designer en infrastruktur til 10.000 personer, vil det v\u00e6re n\u00f8dvendigt at oprette LDAP-, MTA- og Proxy-servere samt 4 postlagre. Det skal bem\u00e6rkes, at LDAP-, MTA- og Proxy-servere kan g\u00f8res virtuelle. Dette vil reducere omkostningerne til serverhardware og lette backup og datagendannelse, men p\u00e5 den anden side, i tilf\u00e6lde af svigt af en fysisk server, risikerer man at miste b\u00e5de MTA-, LDAP- og Proxy-funktioner p\u00e5 \u00e9n gang. Derfor b\u00f8r valget mellem fysiske eller virtuelle servere foretages ud fra, hvor meget nedetid man har r\u00e5d til i tilf\u00e6lde af en n\u00f8dsituation. Postlagre b\u00f8r ideelt set placeres p\u00e5 fysiske servere, da det er her, hovedparten af skrivecyklussen finder sted, hvilket begr\u00e6nser Zimbras ydeevne, og derfor vil et st\u00f8rre antal datakanaler betydeligt forbedre Zimbras ydeevne. <\/p>\n

I princippet, efter oprettelsen servere<\/a> af LDAP, MTA, Proxy, netv\u00e6rkslagre og ved at samle dem i en samlet infrastruktur, er Zimbra Collaboration Suite til 10.000 brugere klar til drift. Funktionsdiagrammet for denne konfiguration vil v\u00e6re ret enkelt: <\/p>\n

\"Planl\u00e6gning
\n
\nDiagrammet viser de vigtigste noder i systemet og datastr\u00f8mmene, der vil cirkulere mellem dem. Under en s\u00e5dan konfiguration vil infrastrukturen v\u00e6re helt ubeskyttet mod datatab, nedetid for\u00e5rsaget af svigt af en hvilken som helst server, osv. Lad os se n\u00e6rmere p\u00e5, hvordan man kan beskytte sin infrastruktur mod disse problemer.<\/p>\n

Den prim\u00e6re metode er hardware redundans. Yderligere MTA- og Proxy-noder kan midlertidigt tage over som hovedsystemer i tilf\u00e6lde af svigt af de prim\u00e6re servere. Duplikerede noder af kritisk infrastruktur er n\u00e6sten altid en god id\u00e9, men det er ikke altid muligt at opn\u00e5 i \u00f8nsket omfang. Et klart eksempel er backup af servere, hvor posten opbevares. I \u00f8jeblikket underst\u00f8tter Zimbra Collaboration Suite Open-Source Edition ikke oprettelse af duplikerende lagre, s\u00e5 i tilf\u00e6lde af svigt af en s\u00e5dan server vil man ikke kunne undg\u00e5 nedetid, og for at reducere nedetiden for\u00e5rsaget af svigtet af postlageret kan IT-chefen rulle en backup ud p\u00e5 en anden serveren<\/a>. <\/p>\n

Da der indbyggede backup-system i Zimbra OSE ikke eksisterer, vil vi have brug for Zextras Backup, som underst\u00f8tter backup i realtid, og ekstern lagring. Da Zextras Backup, ved at tage fulde og inkrementelle sikkerhedskopier, gemmer alle data i mappen \/opt\/zimbra\/backup, ville det v\u00e6re fornuftigt at montere ekstern, netv\u00e6rksbaseret eller endda cloud-lagring til den, s\u00e5 vi i tilf\u00e6lde af, at en af serverne g\u00e5r ned, har en enhed med en opdateret backup p\u00e5 tidspunktet for h\u00e6ndelsen. Den kan gendannes b\u00e5de p\u00e5 en fysisk backup-server og p\u00e5 en virtuel maskine eller i skyen. Det ville ogs\u00e5 v\u00e6re en god id\u00e9 at installere MTA med spamfilter foran serveren med Zimbra Proxy for at reducere den m\u00e6ngde af affaldstrafik, der kommer ind p\u00e5 serveren.<\/p>\n

Den beskyttede infrastruktur for Zimbra vil s\u00e5ledes se cirka s\u00e5dan her ud:<\/p>\n

\"Planl\u00e6gning
\n
\nMed denne konfiguration vil Zimbra-infrastrukturen ikke kun v\u00e6re i stand til at levere kvalitetsydelser til 10.000 brugere, men ogs\u00e5 ved opst\u00e5ede n\u00f8dsituationer tillade hurtigst muligt at afhj\u00e6lpe konsekvenserne.
\n
Kilde: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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