{"id":32111,"date":"2019-10-31T21:45:14","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:45:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/nauka-logiki-v-programmirovanii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:45:14","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:45:14","slug":"nauka-logiki-v-programmirovanii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/news\/nauka-logiki-v-programmirovanii","title":{"rendered":"Logikkens videnskab i programmering","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Logikkens videnskab i programmering\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/3f4ea4ccd01e4dd17cb9348e35b80752.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Denne artikel er dedikeret til en sammenlignende analyse af de logiske enheder fra det tyske filosof Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegels v\u00e6rk \"Videnskaben om Logik\" og deres analoger eller frav\u00e6r i programmering.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Enhederne fra \"Videnskaben om Logik\" er fremh\u00e6vet med kursiv for at undg\u00e5 forvirring med de almindeligt accepterede definitioner af disse ord.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"chistoe-bytie\">Rent v\u00e6ren<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Hvis du \u00e5bner definitionen <em>rent v\u00e6ren<\/em> I bogen vil du se en interessant s\u00e6tning \"uden videre definition\". Men for dem der ikke har l\u00e6st eller ikke forstod, v\u00e6r ikke for hurtig til at beskylde forfatteren for demens. <em>Rent v\u00e6ren<\/em> \u2014 det er et grundl\u00e6ggende begreb i Hegels logik, som betyder, at en eller anden genstand er, s\u00e5 lad v\u00e6re med at forveksle det med eksistensen af genstanden; genstanden kan mangle i virkeligheden, men hvis vi p\u00e5 en eller anden m\u00e5de har defineret den i vores logik, s\u00e5 er den der. Hvis du overvejer det, er det virkelig s\u00e5dan noget som <em>rent v\u00e6ren<\/em> umuligt at definere, og ethvert s\u00e5dant fors\u00f8g vil blot f\u00f8re til, at du henviser til dens synonymer eller antonymer. <em>Rent v\u00e6ren<\/em> et s\u00e5 abstrakt begreb, at det kan anvendes til hvad som helst, inklusive sig selv. I nogle objektorienterede sprog er der mulighed for at repr\u00e6sentere alt som et objekt, herunder operationer p\u00e5 objekter, hvilket i princippet giver os et s\u00e5dant niveau af abstraktion. Dog er der i programmering ikke et direkte svar <em>til rent v\u00e6ren<\/em> . For at tjekke eksistensen af et objekt skal vi kontrollere dets frav\u00e6r.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cs\">if(obj != null);<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Det er underligt, at der ikke findes s\u00e5dan syntaktisk sukker, i betragtning af at denne kontrol er ret popul\u00e6r.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"nichto\">Intet<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Som man kunne g\u00e6tte <em>intet<\/em> er frav\u00e6ret af noget som helst. Og dets analog er NULL. Det skal bem\u00e6rkes, at i videnskaben om logik <em>intet<\/em> Baggrunden indeholder tekstur af siden og illustrationer, og dens opl\u00f8sning er lavere end maskens. Baggrunden gemmes tabsl\u00f8st for opfattelse med en opl\u00f8sning p\u00e5 100 dpi. <em>rent v\u00e6ren<\/em>, fordi det ogs\u00e5 er. Dette udg\u00f8r en vis vanskelighed, da vi ikke kan henvise til NULL som et objekt i noget sprog, selv om det i virkeligheden ogs\u00e5 er et.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"stanovlenie-i-momenty\">Blivelse og momenter<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Blivelse<\/em> \u2014 det er overgangen fra <em>intet<\/em> i <em>v\u00e6ren<\/em> og fra <em>v\u00e6ren<\/em> i <em>intet<\/em>. Dette giver os to <em>momenter<\/em>, den f\u00f8rste kaldes <em>fremkomsten<\/em>, og den anden <em>forbipassagen<\/em>. <em>Forbipassagen<\/em> er kaldt s\u00e5ledes i stedet for forsvinden, fordi den logiske entitet i essens ikke kan forsvinde, kun hvis vi har glemt den. <em>Oph\u00e6velse<\/em> man kan kalde proceduren for tildeling. Hvis vi initialiserer et objekt, sker der <em>et tidspunkt for opst\u00e5en<\/em>, og ved tildeling af en anden v\u00e6rdi eller NULL <em>et tidspunkt for forsvinden<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cs\">obj = new object(); \/\/opst\u00e5en\nobj = null; \/\/forsvinden<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"nalichnoe-bytie\">eksisterende v\u00e6ren<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kort sagt <em>eksisterende v\u00e6ren<\/em> \u2014 er et objekt uden en klar definition, men som har <em>bestemtheit<\/em>. Hvad betyder det? Et klassisk eksempel er en almindelig stol. Hvis du pr\u00f8ver at give den en klar definition, vil du st\u00f8de p\u00e5 mange vanskeligheder. For eksempel, hvis du siger: \"det er et m\u00f8bel designet til at sidde p\u00e5\", s\u00e5 er en l\u00e6nestol ogs\u00e5 lavet til dette osv. Men frav\u00e6ret af en klar definition forhindrer os ikke i at identificere den i rummet og bruge den til at overf\u00f8re information om den, fordi i vores hoveder er der <em>bestemtheit<\/em> en stol i vores hoved. M\u00e5ske har nogle allerede g\u00e6ttet, at neurale netv\u00e6rk blev skabt for at udpege s\u00e5danne objekter fra datastreamen. Et neuralt netv\u00e6rk kan beskrives som en funktion, der definerer dette <em>bestemtheit<\/em>, men der findes ingen typer objekter, der indeholder b\u00e5de klare og uklare definitioner, s\u00e5 s\u00e5danne objekter kan ikke bruges p\u00e5 samme abstraktionsniveau.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"zakon-perehoda-kolichestvennyh-izmeneniy-v-kachestvennye\">Loven om overgang fra kvantitativ til kvalitativ<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Denne lov blev formuleret af Friedrich Engels som resultat af en fortolkning af Hegels logik. Men man kan klart se den i f\u00f8rste bind i kapitlet om <em>m\u00e5l<\/em>. Essensen er, at <em>kvantitative<\/em> \u00e6ndringer i objektet kan p\u00e5virke dets <em>kvalitet<\/em>. For eksempel, vi har et objekt, is, som ved opvarmning vil forvandles til vand og \u00e6ndre sine <em>kvaliteter<\/em>. For at implementere en s\u00e5dan adf\u00e6rd i et objekt findes der en designskabelon kaldet \"Tilstand\". Oprettelsen af en s\u00e5dan l\u00f8sning skyldes frav\u00e6ret af noget som <em>betingelse<\/em> for <em>for<\/em> opst\u00e5en <em>Foundation<\/em> af et objekt. Den definerer de betingelser, under hvilke et objekt kan opst\u00e5, og i algoritmen beslutter vi selv, hvorn\u00e5r vi skal initialisere objektet.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>PS:<\/strong> Hvis denne information er interessant, vil jeg gennemf\u00f8re en gennemgang af andre enheder fra \"Videnskaben om Logik\".<\/p>\n<p>Kilde: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/448948\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 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