{"id":32661,"date":"2019-10-31T21:48:16","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:48:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/chillernoe-ohlazhdenie-tsod-kakoj-teplonositel-vybrat\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:48:16","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:48:16","slug":"chillernoe-ohlazhdenie-tsod-kakoj-teplonositel-vybrat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chillernoe-ohlazhdenie-tsod-kakoj-teplonositel-vybrat","title":{"rendered":"Chillerk\u00f8ling af datacentre: Hvilken varmeb\u00e6rer skal man v\u00e6lge?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

I datacentre anvendes der oftest centrale multizone klimaanl\u00e6g med vandk\u00f8lede maskiner (chillere). De er mere effektive end k\u00f8lesystemer med k\u00f8lemiddel, da det cirkulerende varmeb\u00e6rer mellem de udend\u00f8rs og indend\u00f8rs enheder ikke omdannes til gasform, og kompressor-kondensatorblokken i chilleren aktiveres f\u00f8rst, n\u00e5r temperaturen n\u00e5r et bestemt niveau. Et af de mest principielle sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5l ved projektering af chiller-systemet er: hvilken varmeb\u00e6rer er bedst at bruge? Det kan v\u00e6re vand eller en vandig opl\u00f8sning af flercellede alkoholer \u2013 propylenglykol eller ethylenglykol. Lad os unders\u00f8ge fordele og ulemper ved hver mulighed.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Fysik og kemi<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Set fra et fysisk synspunkt (varmekapacitet, t\u00e6thed, kinematisk viskositet) betragtes vand som den optimale varmeb\u00e6rer. Desuden kan det letslippes ud i jorden eller i kloakken. Desv\u00e6rre anvendes vand kun indend\u00f8rs i vores breddegrader, da det fryser ved 0 \u00b0C. T\u00e6theden af varmeb\u00e6reren falder, mens det optager mere plads. Processen er uj\u00e6vn, og den kan ikke kompenseres med en ekspansionsbeholder. Frosne omr\u00e5der isoleres, det statiske tryk p\u00e5 r\u00f8rv\u00e6gge \u00f8ges, hvilket til sidst f\u00f8rer til brud. Vandige opl\u00f8sninger af flercellede alkoholer har ikke disse ulemper. De fryser ved langt lavere temperaturer uden at danne lokale biotoper. Deres t\u00e6thed falder langt mindre under krystallisering end ved vandets omdannelse til is, hvilket betyder, at volumen ikke \u00f8ges s\u00e5 meget \u2013 selv frosne vandige opl\u00f8sninger af glykoler \u00f8del\u00e6gger ikke r\u00f8r.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Kunder v\u00e6lger ofte propylenglycol, fordi det ikke er giftigt. Faktisk er det et godkendt f\u00f8deadditiv E1520, der bruges i bageprodukter og andre f\u00f8devarer som et fugtbevarende middel. Det anvendes ogs\u00e5 i kosmetiske produkter og mange andre steder. Hvis man fylder systemet med en vandig opl\u00f8sning af propylenglycol, kr\u00e6ves der ikke s\u00e6rlige forholdsregler: Kunden har kun brug for en ekstra tank til at kompensere for l\u00e6kager. Det er mere kompliceret at arbejde med ethylenglycol \u2013 dette stof tilh\u00f8rer kategorien moderat giftige stoffer (tredje fareklasse). Den maksimalt tilladte koncentration af ethylenglycol i luften er 5 mg\/m3, men p\u00e5 grund af den lave volatilitet ved normal temperatur kan man blive forgiftet af dampe fra denne polyalkohol kun, hvis man ind\u00e5nder dem i l\u00e6ngere tid.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Det er v\u00e6rst med spildevand: vand og propylenglycol kr\u00e6ver ikke bortskaffelse, men koncentrationen af ethylenglycol i f\u00e6lles vandbrugsomr\u00e5der m\u00e5 ikke overstige 1 mg\/l. Derfor skal ejere af datacentre l\u00e6gge s\u00e6rlige dr\u00e6nsystemer, isolerede beholdere og\/eller et fortykningssystem, der blander det udledte k\u00f8lemiddel med vand, ind i deres budgetter: det er ikke tilladt bare at h\u00e6lde det i kloakken. Vandm\u00e6ngderne til fortynding overstiger hundredvis af gange m\u00e6ngderne af k\u00f8lemidlet, og det er ekstremt u\u00f8nsket at spilde det p\u00e5 jorden eller gulvet \u2013 det giftige polyalkohol skal skylles v\u00e6k med store m\u00e6ngder vand. Ikke desto mindre er brugen af ethylenglycol i moderne klimaanl\u00e6g datacentre<\/a> ogs\u00e5 ganske sikkert, forudsat at alle n\u00f8dvendige sikkerhedsforanstaltninger overholdes.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00d8konomi<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Vand kan betragtes som n\u00e6sten gratis sammenlignet med omkostningerne ved varmeb\u00e6rere baseret p\u00e5 polyoler. En vandig opl\u00f8sning af propylenglykol til chiller-fan coil-systemet er ret dyr \u2013 den koster cirka 80 rubler per liter. I betragtning af behovet for periodisk udskiftning af varmeb\u00e6reren, vil det l\u00f8be op i betydelige summer. Prisen for den vandige opl\u00f8sning af ethylenglykol er n\u00e6sten halvdelen, men man skal ogs\u00e5 tage hensyn til omkostningerne ved bortskaffelse, som dog ogs\u00e5 er relativt beskedne. Der er nuancer vedr\u00f8rende viskositet og varmekapacitet: varmeb\u00e6reren baseret p\u00e5 propylenglykol kr\u00e6ver et h\u00f8jere tryk fra cirkulationspumpen. Samlet set er driftsomkostningerne ved systemet med ethylenglykol v\u00e6sentligt lavere, s\u00e5 denne mulighed v\u00e6lges ofte, trods den enkelte toksicitet af varmeb\u00e6reren. En anden mulighed for at reducere omkostningerne er at bruge et to-kredsl\u00f8bsystem med varmeveksler, hvor almindeligt vand cirkulerer i indend\u00f8rs rum med positiv temperatur, mens den frosne glykolopl\u00f8sning overf\u00f8rer varmen udend\u00f8rs. Effektiviteten af et s\u00e5dant system er lidt lavere, men m\u00e6ngden af den dyre varmeb\u00e6rer reduceres betydeligt.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Resum\u00e9<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Faktisk har alle de n\u00e6vnte varianter af k\u00f8lesystemer (undtagen de, der ikke er mulige i vores breddegrader, rent vandk\u00f8lede) ret til at eksistere. Valget afh\u00e6nger af de samlede ejeromkostninger, som skal beregnes i hver enkelt sag allerede i designfasen. Det eneste, man absolut ikke skal g\u00f8re: \u00e6ndre konceptet, n\u00e5r projektet n\u00e6sten er f\u00e6rdigt. Og is\u00e6r kan man ikke \u00e6ndre varmeb\u00e6reren, n\u00e5r installationen af de tekniske systemer til det kommende datacenter allerede er i gang. Dilemmaet og bekymringerne vil f\u00f8re til betydelige omkostninger, s\u00e5 man b\u00f8r beslutte sig for valget \u00e9n gang for alle.<\/p>\n

Kilde: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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