{"id":33661,"date":"2019-10-31T21:54:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-ponyat-kogda-proksi-lgut-verifikatsiya-fizicheskih-lokatsij-setevyh-proksi-s-pomoshhyu-algoritma-aktivnoj-geolokatsii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:54:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:01","slug":"kak-ponyat-kogda-proksi-lgut-verifikatsiya-fizicheskih-lokatsij-setevyh-proksi-s-pomoshhyu-algoritma-aktivnoj-geolokatsii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ponyat-kogda-proksi-lgut-verifikatsiya-fizicheskih-lokatsij-setevyh-proksi-s-pomoshhyu-algoritma-aktivnoj-geolokatsii","title":{"rendered":"Hvordan man forst\u00e5r, hvorn\u00e5r proxies lyver: verifikation af fysiske placeringer af netv\u00e6rksproxies ved hj\u00e6lp af aktiv geolocation algoritme","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Hvordan<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Folk over hele verden bruger kommercielle proxyer til at skjule deres sande placering eller identitet. Dette kan g\u00f8res for at l\u00f8se forskellige opgaver, herunder at f\u00e5 adgang til blokeret information eller sikre privatliv. <\/p>\n

Men hvor pr\u00e6cise er udbydere af s\u00e5danne proxyer, n\u00e5r de h\u00e6vder, at deres servere er placeret i et bestemt land? Dette er et vigtigt sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5l, hvortil svaret afg\u00f8r, om bestemte kunder, der er optaget af beskyttelsen af deres personlige oplysninger, overhovedet kan benytte en bestemt service.<\/p>\n

En gruppe amerikanske forskere fra universiteterne i Massachusetts, Carnegie Mellon og Stony Brook har offentliggjort forskning<\/a><\/noindex>, hvor de unders\u00f8gte den reelle placering af servere hos syv popul\u00e6re proxyudbydere. Vi har forberedt et kort resum\u00e9 af de vigtigste resultater.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Introduktion<\/h2>\n

\nProxyoperat\u00f8rer giver ofte ikke nogen oplysninger, som kunne bekr\u00e6fte n\u00f8jagtigheden af deres p\u00e5stande om placeringen af serverne. Databaser til IP-til-placering bekr\u00e6fter ofte reklamep\u00e5stande fra s\u00e5danne virksomheder, men der er mange beviser for fejl i disse databaser.<\/p>\n

Under unders\u00f8gelsen vurderede de amerikanske forskere placeringen af 2269 proxy-servere, der styres af syv proxy-virksomheder og placeret i alt 222 lande og territorier. Analysen viste, at mindst en tredjedel af alle servere ikke er i de lande, som virksomhederne erkl\u00e6rer i deres markedsf\u00f8ringsmaterialer. I stedet er de placeret i lande med billig og p\u00e5lidelig hosting: i Tjekkiet, Tyskland, Nederlandene, Storbritannien og USA.<\/p>\n

Analyse af serverplacering<\/h2>\n

\nKommercielle VPN- og proxyudbydere kan p\u00e5virke n\u00f8jagtigheden af databaser til IP-til-placering \u2013 virksomheder har mulighed for manipulation, for eksempel ved at \u00e6ndre lokationskoder i routernes navne. Som et resultat kan markedsf\u00f8ringsmaterialerne p\u00e5st\u00e5, at der er mange tilg\u00e6ngelige lokationer for brugerne, mens serverne i virkeligheden, for at spare omkostninger og forbedre driftsikkerheden, fysisk er placeret i et begr\u00e6nset antal lande, selvom IP-til-placering databaserne siger det modsatte.<\/p>\n

For verifying the actual location of the servers, researchers used an active geolocation algorithm. This method assessed the roundtrip of a packet sent towards the server and other known hosts on the internet. <\/p>\n

At the same time, less than 10% of the tested proxies respond to ping, and running any software for measurements on the server itself was not feasible for clear reasons. They could only send packets through proxies, so the roundtrip to any point in space is the sum of the time it takes for the packet to reach the test host to the proxy and from the proxy to the recipient.<\/p>\n

\"Hvordan
\n
\nDuring the study, specialized software was developed based on four active geolocation algorithms: CBG, Octant, Spotter, and the hybrid Octant\/Spotter. The solution code tilg\u00e6ngelig<\/a><\/noindex> Kildekoden og alle oplysninger<\/p>\n

Since it was not possible to rely on IP-to-location databases, researchers used a list of anchor hosts from RIPE Atlas for experiments \u2013 the information in this database is available online, constantly updated, and the documented locations are accurate. Moreover, hosts from the list continuously send ping signals to each other and update roundtrip data in the public database.<\/p>\n

The solution developed by the researchers is a web application that establishes secure (HTTPS) TCP connections over the unsecured HTTP port 80. If the server does not listen on this port, a failure will occur after one request. However, if the server does listen on this port, the browser will receive a SYN-ACK response with a TLS ClientHello packet. This will trigger a protocol error, and the browser will display an error, but only after the second roundtrip. <\/p>\n

\"Hvordan
\n
\nThus, the web application can measure the time of one or two roundtrips. A similar service has been implemented as a command line program.<\/p>\n

Ingen af de testede udbydere oplyser den pr\u00e6cise placering af deres proxy-servere. I bedste fald n\u00e6vnes byer, men oftest er der kun information om landet. Selv n\u00e5r en by n\u00e6vnes, kan der opst\u00e5 forviklinger \u2013 for eksempel unders\u00f8gte forskerne en konfigurationsfil for en server med navnet usa.new-york-city.cfg, som indeholdt instruktioner til at oprette forbindelse til en server med navnet chicago.vpn-provider.example. S\u00e5 man kan kun mere eller mindre pr\u00e6cist bekr\u00e6fte serverens tilh\u00f8rsforhold til et bestemt land.<\/p>\n

Resultater<\/h2>\n

\nResultaterne fra testene ved hj\u00e6lp af en aktiv geolokaliseringsalgoritme viste, at forskerne kunne bekr\u00e6fte placeringen af 989 ud af 2269 IP-adresser. I 642 tilf\u00e6lde kunne dette ikke bekr\u00e6ftes, mens 638 klart befinder sig i et andet land end det, de proxy-tjenester h\u00e6vder. Mere end 400 af disse falske adresser befinder sig reelt p\u00e5 samme kontinent som det p\u00e5st\u00e5ede land. <\/p>\n

\"Hvordan<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Korrekte adresser findes i lande, der oftest bruges til at placere servere (klik for at \u00e5bne billedet i fuld st\u00f8rrelse)<\/i><\/p>\n

Mist\u00e6nkelige v\u00e6rter blev opdaget hos hver af de syv testede udbydere. Forskere bad om kommentarer fra virksomhederne, men alle n\u00e6gtede at kommunikere.
\n
Kilde: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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