{"id":33901,"date":"2019-10-31T21:55:19","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:55:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/cloudflare-mozilla-i-facebook-razvivayut-binaryast-dlya-uskoreniya-zagruzki-javascript\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:55:19","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:55:19","slug":"cloudflare-mozilla-i-facebook-razvivayut-binaryast-dlya-uskoreniya-zagruzki-javascript","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/news\/cloudflare-mozilla-i-facebook-razvivayut-binaryast-dlya-uskoreniya-zagruzki-javascript","title":{"rendered":"Cloudflare, Mozilla og Facebook udvikler BinaryAST for at accelerere indl\u00e6sningen af JavaScript","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Ingeni\u00f8rer fra selskaper som Cloudflare, Mozilla, Facebook og Bloomberg blev bedt om<\/a><\/noindex> nyt format BinaryAST<\/a><\/noindex> for at fremskynde levering og behandling af JavaScript-kode, n\u00e5r man \u00e5bner websteder i browseren. BinaryAST flytter syntaksanalysens fase til serveren og leverer allerede et dannet abstrakt syntakstr\u00e6 (AST<\/a><\/noindex>). Ved modtagelse af BinaryAST kan browseren straks g\u00e5 videre til kompilering, uden at skulle parse den oprindelige JavaScript-kode. <\/p>\n

Til testform\u00e5l udviklet<\/a><\/noindex> den referenceimplementering, der leveres under MIT-licens. Til parsing anvendes komponenter fra Node.js, og koden til optimering og dannelse af AST er skrevet i Rust. P\u00e5 browser-siden er underst\u00f8ttelsen
\naf BinaryAST allerede tilg\u00e6ngelig i nattelige builds<\/a><\/noindex> Firefox. Koderen i BinaryAST kan anvendes b\u00e5de p\u00e5 niveauet af det endelige webstedstool og til pakning af scripts fra eksterne websteder p\u00e5 proxy- eller indholdsleveringsnetv\u00e6rk. Processen med at standardisere BinaryAST er allerede begyndt af arbejdsgruppen ECMA TC39<\/a><\/noindex>, efter afslutningen af hvilken formatet vil kunne sameksistere med eksisterende metoder til komprimering af leveret indhold, s\u00e5som gzip og brotli. <\/p>\n

\"Cloudflare,<\/a><\/noindex><\/center>
\n
\"Cloudflare,<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

En betydelig del af den tid, der bruges p\u00e5 at behandle JavaScript, g\u00e5r med til at indl\u00e6se og analysere koden. I betragtning af at m\u00e6ngden af indl\u00e6st JavaScript p\u00e5 mange popul\u00e6re websteder n\u00e6rmer sig 10 MB (for eksempel LinkedIn \u2014 7,2 MB, Facebook \u2014 7,1 MB, Gmail \u2014 3,9 MB), medf\u00f8rer den indledende behandling af JavaScript en betydelig forsinkelse. Parsing-processen i browseren h\u00e6mmes ogs\u00e5 af, at det ikke er muligt at opbygge AST i realtid, mens koden indl\u00e6ses (browseren m\u00e5 vente p\u00e5, at indl\u00e6sningen af kodeblokke, s\u00e5som afslutningen af funktioner, er f\u00e6rdig, for at f\u00e5 den manglende information, der er n\u00f8dvendig for at analysere de aktuelle elementer).<\/p>\n

Delvis fors\u00f8ger man at l\u00f8se problemet ved at distribuere koden i minimeret og komprimeret form samt ved hj\u00e6lp af browserens caching af genereret bytekode. P\u00e5 moderne websteder opdateres koden ganske ofte, s\u00e5 caching l\u00f8ser blot problemet delvis. En l\u00f8sning kunne v\u00e6re WebAssembly, men det kr\u00e6ver brug af eksplicit typificering i koden og egner sig d\u00e5rligt til at fremskynde behandlingen af allerede eksisterende JavaScript-kode. <\/p>\n

En anden mulighed er at levere den f\u00e6rdige kompilerede bytekode i stedet for JavaScript-scripts, men udviklerne af browser-motorer er imod dette, da tredjeparts bytekode er sv\u00e6r at verificere, dets direkte behandling kan f\u00f8re til en fragmentering af nettet, der opst\u00e5r yderligere sikkerhedstrusler, og der kr\u00e6ves udvikling af et universelt bytecode-format.<\/p>\n

BinaryAST passer ind i den eksisterende model for udvikling og levering af kode uden at skabe ny bytekode og uden at \u00e6ndre JavaScript-sproget. Dataens st\u00f8rrelse i BinaryAST-formatet svarer til komprimeret og minificeret JavaScript-kode, og behandlingshastigheden stiger betydeligt ved at undg\u00e5 faseparsing af kildekoder. Desuden giver formatet mulighed for at udf\u00f8re kompilation til bytekode, mens BinaryAST indl\u00e6ses, uden at vente p\u00e5, at alle data er modtaget. Server-side parsing muligg\u00f8r ogs\u00e5 at udelade ubrugte funktioner og un\u00f8dvendig kode fra det leverede BinaryAST, hvilket sparer tid i parsingen s\u00e5vel som p\u00e5 un\u00f8dvendig trafik.<\/p>\n

Et s\u00e6rligt kendetegn ved BinaryAST er muligheden for at genskabe l\u00e6sbar JavaScript, som ikke er identisk med den oprindelige version, men semantisk \u00e6kvivalent og inkluderer de samme variabel- og funktionsnavne (BinaryAST bevarer navne, men ikke positionsinformation i koden, formatering eller kommentarer). Bagsiden af medaljen er, at der opst\u00e5r nye angrebsvektorer, men if\u00f8lge udviklerne er de v\u00e6sentligt f\u00e6rre og mere kontrollerbare end ved brug af alternativer som udbredelse af bytekode.<\/p>\n

Tests af koden fra facebook.com har vist, at der bruges 10-15 % CPU-ressourcer p\u00e5 at parse JavaScript, og at parsing tager l\u00e6ngere tid end generering af bytekode og den indledende dannelse af kode til JIT. I SpiderMonkey-motoren tager den samlede tid til at opbygge AST 500-800 ms, og brugen af BinaryAST har reduceret denne tid med 70-90 %.
\nGenerelt reduceres parsingtiden for JavaScript for det meste web-frameworks med 3-10 % i ikke-optimeret tilstand og med 90-97 % ved aktivering af tilstanden, der ignorerer ubrugte funktioner.
\nVed udf\u00f8relsen af et test JavaScript-s\u00e6t p\u00e5 1,2 MB, gjorde brugen af BinaryAST det muligt at reducere opstartstiden fra 338 til 314 ms p\u00e5 en desktop-system (Intel i7) og fra 2019 til 1455 ms p\u00e5 en mobil enhed (HTC One M8).<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Kilde: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0418\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 Cloudflare, Mozilla, Facebook \u0438 Bloomberg \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 BinaryAST \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 JavaScript \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435. 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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":25564,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33901","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Cloudflare, Mozilla og Facebook fremmer BinaryAST for at fremskynde JavaScript-indl\u00e6sning | ProHoster","description":"Ingeni\u00f8rer fra Cloudflare, Mozilla, Facebook og Bloomberg har foresl\u00e5et et nyt 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