{"id":35721,"date":"2019-10-31T22:05:57","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:05:57","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:57","slug":"minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/administrirovanie\/minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat","title":{"rendered":"Minimal installation af CentOS\/Fedora\/RedHat","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Jeg er ikke i tvivl om, at de \u00e6dle herrer - Linux-administratorer - str\u00e6ber efter at minimere s\u00e6t af pakker, der installeres p\u00e5 serveren. Det er mere \u00f8konomisk, sikrere og giver administratoren en f\u00f8lelse af fuld kontrol og forst\u00e5else af de processer, der foreg\u00e5r.<\/p>\n

Derfor ser et typisk scenarie for den grundl\u00e6ggende installation af operativsystemet ud som et valg af minimumsalternativet, og derefter - udfyldning med de n\u00f8dvendige pakker.<\/p>\n

\"Minimal
\n
\nMen det minimumsalternativ, der tilbydes af CentOS-installationsprogrammet, viser sig ikke at v\u00e6re helt minimalt. Der er en m\u00e5de at reducere st\u00f8rrelsen p\u00e5 den grundl\u00e6ggende installationssystem ved hj\u00e6lp af en standard dokumenteret metode.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nN\u00e5r man arbejder med operativsystemet CentOS, opdager man f\u00f8r eller senere automatiseringen af dens installation ved hj\u00e6lp af Kickstart-mekanismen. Jeg installerer ikke l\u00e6ngere CentOS med det standard installationsprogram. I l\u00f8bet af arbejdet har jeg samlet en tilstr\u00e6kkelig samling af konfigurationskickstartfiler, der g\u00f8r det muligt at implementere systemer automatisk, herunder p\u00e5 LVM, kryptodrev, med minimal GUI osv.<\/p>\n

Og nu, i et af udgivelserne af version 7, tilf\u00f8jede RedHat en overraskende mulighed i Kickstart, som g\u00f8r det muligt at minimere det installerede systems billede yderligere:<\/p>\n

\u200b\u2014nocore<\/b><\/p>\n

Deaktiverer installationen af den Core<\/a><\/noindex> pakkegruppe, som ellers altid installeres som standard. Deaktivering af Core<\/a><\/noindex> pakkegruppen b\u00f8r kun bruges til at skabe letv\u00e6gtscontainere; installation af et skrivebords- eller serversystem med \u200b\u2014nocore vil resultere i et ubrugeligt system.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

RedHat advarer \u00e6rligt om de mulige konsekvenser ved at anvende denne mulighed, men mine \u00e5rs erfaringer med at bruge den i et reelt milj\u00f8 bekr\u00e6fter dens stabilitet og anvendelighed.<\/p>\n

Herunder er et eksempel p\u00e5 en kickstart-fil til den mindste installation. De modige kan udelade yum fra den. V\u00e6r forberedt p\u00e5 overraskelser:<\/p>\n

install\ntext\n\nurl --url=\"http:\/\/server\/centos\/7\/os\/x86_64\/\"\n\neula --agreed\nfirstboot --disable\n\nkeyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'\nlang en_US.UTF-8\ntimezone Africa\/Abidjan\n\nauth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512\nrootpw --plaintext ***\n\nignoredisk --only-use=sda\n\nzerombr\nbootloader --location=mbr\nclearpart --all --initlabel\n\npart \/boot\/efi --fstype=\"efi\" --size=100 --fsoptions=\"umask=0077,shortname=winnt\"\npart \/ --fstype=\"ext4\" --size=1 --grow\n\nnetwork --bootproto=dhcp --hostname=localhost --onboot=on --activate\n\n#reboot\npoweroff\n\n%packages --nocore --nobase --excludedocs\nyum\n\n%end\n\ndon com_redhat_kdump --disable\n\n%end\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nJeg vil bem\u00e6rke, at CentOS\/RedHat er mere tolerant over for Fedora i fortolkningen af muligheden. Sidstn\u00e6vnte vil s\u00e5 kraftigt sk\u00e6re ned p\u00e5 systemet, at en geninstallation med tilf\u00f8jelse af livsvigtige v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer vil v\u00e6re n\u00f8dvendig.<\/p>\n
Som bonus vil jeg give en \u00abformel\u00bb til installation af et minimalt grafisk milj\u00f8 i CentOS\/RedHat (version 7):<\/p>\n
yum -y groupinstall x11\nyum -y install gnome-classic-session\nsystemctl set-default graphical.target\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nB\u00e5de det minimale operativsystembillede og det minimale grafiske milj\u00f8 er blevet testet af mig og fungerer p\u00e5 rigtige systemer.
\n
Kilde: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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