{"id":35905,"date":"2019-10-31T22:07:29","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-podgotovit-sajt-k-bolshim-nagruzkam-5-prakticheskih-sovetov-i-poleznye-instrumenty\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:07:29","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:29","slug":"kak-podgotovit-sajt-k-bolshim-nagruzkam-5-prakticheskih-sovetov-i-poleznye-instrumenty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-podgotovit-sajt-k-bolshim-nagruzkam-5-prakticheskih-sovetov-i-poleznye-instrumenty","title":{"rendered":"Hvordan forbereder man en hjemmeside til store belastninger: 5 praktiske r\u00e5d og nyttige v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Hvordan<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Brugere hader virkelig, n\u00e5r den online ressource, de har brug for, er \"langsommere\". Data fra unders\u00f8gelser<\/a><\/noindex> viser, at 57% af brugerne vil forlade en webside, hvis den tager l\u00e6ngere end tre sekunder at indl\u00e6se, mens 47% kun er villige til at vente i to sekunder. En forsinkelse p\u00e5 et sekund kan koste 7% af konverteringerne og 16% i brugerens tilfredshed.<\/p>\n

Derfor er det vigtigt at forberede sig p\u00e5 stigende belastning og trafikspidser. Og i dag vil vi tale om, hvordan man g\u00f8r det.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Bem\u00e6rk<\/b>: materialet er ikke rettet mod systemadministrationsguruer, men snarere mod ejere af forretningssider, s\u00e5 det har en overordnet karakter.<\/p>\n

1. Brug caching<\/h2>\n

\nJo mere indhold p\u00e5 din hjemmeside, der kan caches for ikke at skulle indl\u00e6ses hver gang en bruger bes\u00f8ger siden \u2013 jo bedre. Normalt er en betydelig del af indholdet statisk, og det er un\u00f8dvendigt at indl\u00e6se det konstant. Caching er is\u00e6r vigtigt under trafikspidser og kan ikke kun hj\u00e6lpe med at besch us hastigheden af sitet, men ogs\u00e5 spare penge.<\/p>\n

Hvis du bare har en hjemmeside p\u00e5 en slags WordPress, er caching-plugins som Cache Enabler<\/a><\/noindex> eller Cachify<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

2. Behandl kun nyttig trafik<\/h2>\n

\nIf\u00f8lge data<\/a><\/noindex> Forskning viser, at n\u00e6sten 40% af al trafik p\u00e5 internettet genereres af bots. Bots kan v\u00e6re gode \u2013 for eksempel s\u00f8gemaskinernes crawlere \u2013 eller d\u00e5rlige. Sidstn\u00e6vnte inkluderer for eksempel forskellige parsere, der analyserer og udtr\u00e6kker data. <\/p>\n

I det erhvervsm\u00e6ssige internetsegment er situationen endnu v\u00e6rre \u2013 her kan m\u00e6ngderne af d\u00e5rlig bottrafik overstige<\/a><\/noindex> 42%. For virksomheder er dette d\u00e5rligt af to grunde. For det f\u00f8rste kan d\u00e5rlige bots blive k\u00f8rt af konkurrenter for at stj\u00e6le indhold eller indsamle vigtige forretningsdata, og for det andet skaber bottrafik en alvorlig ekstra belastning p\u00e5 infrastrukturen.<\/p>\n

At slippe for problemet og reducere belastningen p\u00e5 hjemmesiden hj\u00e6lper filtreringssystemer, men for at de kan fungere korrekt, skal de kalibreres individuelt for hver hjemmeside. For dette kan bottrafik simuleres. Et fremragende v\u00e6rkt\u00f8j til at efterligne en s\u00e5dan belastning er brugen af tjenester s\u00e5som Infatica<\/a><\/noindex>, der tillader leje af residential proxies.<\/p>\n

Mange moderne bots bruger residential IP, s\u00e5 for en kvalitets test er det n\u00f8dvendigt med et stort antal s\u00e5danne adresser.<\/p>\n

3. Balancer belastningen<\/h2>\n

\nUdforsk de tilg\u00e6ngelige v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer til belastningsbalancering. Der findes tre typer af disse l\u00f8sninger \u2013 hardware-baserede, cloud-baserede og softwarebaserede balanceringsv\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer. <\/p>\n

Med stor sandsynlighed vil de \"hardware-baserede\" l\u00f8sninger v\u00e6re meget dyre for sm\u00e5 virksomheder eller startups, s\u00e5 lad os fokusere mere p\u00e5 de to andre muligheder.<\/p>\n

Blandt de popul\u00e6re cloud-v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer kan n\u00e6vnes Cloudflare<\/a><\/noindex> \u2013 de anvendes ofte af virksomheder, der oplever problemer p\u00e5 grund af trafikspidser. Blandt softwaremulighederne kan n\u00e6vnes Neutrino<\/a><\/noindex>, alvorlige belastningsbalanceringsmuligheder er indeholdt i webserveren. Nginx<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

4. Optim\u00e9r indholdsleveringen<\/h2>\n

\nEt andet skridt, der vil v\u00e6re nyttigt ved trafikspidser, er brugen af en CDN eller content delivery network. Det er i sin essens et netv\u00e6rk af servere over hele verden, som kan bruges til at levere indhold til brugeren via den mest optimale rute.<\/p>\n

Normalt er indholdet p\u00e5 et websted placeret p\u00e5 en prim\u00e6r server i en enkelt lokation, s\u00e5 n\u00e5r der kommer foresp\u00f8rgsler fra forskellige steder, kan svarene komme til brugerne uj\u00e6vnt \u2013 og det ser ud som forsinkelse. Jo l\u00e6ngere brugeren er fra serveren, der huser webstedet, jo l\u00e6ngere tid tager det at modtage svar.<\/p>\n

CDN'en cacher filer p\u00e5 forskellige servere og \"henter\" dem til levering fra den server, der er t\u00e6ttest p\u00e5 brugeren i netv\u00e6rket. Dette g\u00f8r det muligt at konstruere en individuel leveringsrute for hver bruger og alvorligt fremskynde hele systemets funktionalitet. <\/p>\n

If\u00f8lge linket<\/a><\/noindex> du kan finde en hel liste over CDN'er, der er egnede til brug med websteder.<\/p>\n

5. Brug kompression<\/h2>\n

\nFilkompression er et andet v\u00e6rkt\u00f8j til at fremskynde webstedets indl\u00e6sning. Mange h\u00f8jbelastede ressourcer inkluderer Gzip-kompression<\/a><\/noindex> for at reducere filst\u00f8rrelsen p\u00e5 webstedet til uploading og overf\u00f8rsel.<\/p>\n

Gzip fungerer s\u00e5dan \u2013 v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jet s\u00f8ger efter gentagne linjer i en fil og erstatter den anden af dem med en henvisning til den forrige linje. N\u00e5r browseren udpakkes den modtagne fil, g\u00e5r den igennem linjerne i den, l\u00e6ser henvisningen og viser det \"fjernede\" indhold. P\u00e5 den m\u00e5de kan den samlede filst\u00f8rrelse reduceres med op til 70%. Nogle hostingudbydere inkluderer Gzip-komprimering som standard, men det er bedst at tjekke denne indstilling manuelt.
\n
Kilde: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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