{"id":36281,"date":"2019-10-31T22:10:39","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:10:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/spravochnaya-chego-zhdat-ot-fedora-silverblue\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:10:39","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:10:39","slug":"spravochnaya-chego-zhdat-ot-fedora-silverblue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/administrirovanie\/spravochnaya-chego-zhdat-ot-fedora-silverblue","title":{"rendered":"Guide: What to Expect from Fedora Silverblue","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"
Exploring the Features of Immutable OS.<\/h5>\n

\n\"Guide:<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\/ \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e Clem Onojeghuo<\/a><\/noindex> Unsplash<\/i><\/p>\n

How Silverblue Came to Be<\/h2>\n

\nFedora Silverblue is an immutable desktop operating system. In it, all applications run in isolated containers, and updates are installed atomically.<\/p>\n

The project was previously named Fedora Atomic Workstation<\/a><\/noindex>. Later, it was renamed to Silverblue. According to the developers, they considered over 150 naming options. They chose Silverblue simply because there was an available domain and social media accounts.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

The updated system replaced<\/a><\/noindex> Fedora Workstation as the priority build for desktops in Fedora 30. The authors mention that in the future, Silverblue could completely replace<\/a><\/noindex> Fedora Workstation.<\/p>\n

One of the residents of Hacker News suggested<\/a><\/noindex>, that the concept of Silverblue is an evolution of the project Stateless Linux<\/a><\/noindex>. It was promoted in Fedora about ten years ago. Stateless Linux was supposed to simplify the administration of thin and thick clients. In it, all system configuration files were also opened in a \"read-only\" mode.<\/p>\n

What Does \"Immutability\" Provide<\/h2>\n

\nThe term \"immutable operating system\" means that the root and user directories are mounted in a \"read-only\" mode. All mutable data is placed in the directory \/var. A similar method is used by the developers of ChromeOS<\/a><\/noindex> og macOS Catalina<\/a><\/noindex>. This approach enhances the OS's security and prevents the deletion of system files (for instance, by mistake).<\/p>\n

One of the residents of Hacker News mentioned in a related thread fortalte<\/a><\/noindex>, that he once accidentally deleted a number of system files while modifying the Ubuntu Yaru theme. At the same time, he did not have backups due to an error in regex. According to him, an immutable OS would help avoid such issues.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nUpdating is simplified as well \u2014 all it takes is to reboot the system with a new image. Additionally, there is the possibility to quickly switch between multiple branches (releases of Fedora). For instance, between the currently developing version of Fedora Rawhide<\/a><\/noindex> and the repository updates-testing<\/a><\/noindex> with the upcoming updates.<\/p>\n

What are the Differences from Classic Fedora<\/h2>\n

\nTo install the base environment (\/ and \/usr), the OSTree technology is used. One could say this is a \"versioning\" system for RPM<\/a><\/noindex>-packages. RPM packages are translated into the OSTree repository using rpm-ostree. When installing a package, it forms<\/a><\/noindex> et gendannelsespunkt, som du kan rulle tilbage til i tilf\u00e6lde af en fejl.<\/p>\n

OSTree ogs\u00e5 det muligt<\/a><\/noindex> installere applikationer fra dnf\/yum-repositories og repositories, der ikke underst\u00f8ttes af Fedora. Til dette skal du i stedet for dnf install bruge rpm-ostree install. Systemet vil skabe et nyt grundl\u00e6ggende billede af operativsystemet og erstatte det installerede med det.<\/p>\n

Som en mekanisme til opdatering af applikationer anvendes Flatpak<\/a><\/noindex>. Det k\u00f8rer dem i containere. Flatpak-pakken inkluderer kun de specifikke afh\u00e6ngigheder for den enkelte applikation. Alle grundl\u00e6ggende biblioteker (som GNOME og KDE-biblioteker) forbliver tilg\u00e6ngelige som runtime-milj\u00f8er. Denne tilgang hj\u00e6lper med at reducere pakkest\u00f8rrelsen - ved at udelukke m\u00e5lretning af gentagne komponenter.<\/p>\n

\"Guide:
\n\/ \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e Jonathan Larson<\/a><\/noindex> Unsplash<\/i><\/p>\n

For at installere applikationer, som ikke er pakket i Flatpak, kan du bruge Toolbox<\/a><\/noindex>. Det giver mulighed for at oprette en container med den klassiske Fedora-installat\u00f8r.<\/p>\n

Lignende l\u00f8sninger<\/h2>\n

\nDer findes ogs\u00e5 andre distributioner, hvis opgaver er sammenlignelige med Silverblue. Et eksempel kunne v\u00e6re MicroOS<\/a><\/noindex> fra openSUSE. Det er ikke en selvst\u00e6ndig distribution, men en del af openSUSE Kubic-platformen til implementering af CaaS (Container as a Service).<\/p>\n

Systemet arbejder med Docker-containere. Deres billeder distribueres som RPM-pakker. Det forenkler<\/a><\/noindex> installationen af applikationer baseret p\u00e5 kommandolinjen, som ikke er tilg\u00e6ngelige i Flatpak-format. V\u00e6rtssystemet til at k\u00f8re containere dannes p\u00e5 grundlag af det officielle repository openSUSE Tumbleweed<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

MicroOS er designet til implementering i storstilede milj\u00f8er (f.eks. datacentre), men det kan ogs\u00e5 k\u00f8re p\u00e5 enkeltmaskiner.<\/p>\n

Et eksempel p\u00e5 en anden lignende udvikling kunne v\u00e6re NixOS<\/a><\/noindex>. Det er en Linux-distribution, der bygger p\u00e5 Nix-pakkeh\u00e5ndtereren. Dens hovedfunktion er den deklarative beskrivelse af konfigurationer. Administratoren beh\u00f8ver ikke at installere systemet og konfigurere det manuelt. Tilstanden skrives i en speciel fil: der angives alle pakker og autentificeringsindstillinger. Derefter bringer pakkeh\u00e5ndtereren automatisk operativsystemet til den angivne tilstand.<\/p>\n

Dette system anvendes aktivt af bruger<\/a><\/noindex> cloud-udbydere, universiteter og IT-selskaber.<\/p>\n

Under alle omst\u00e6ndigheder har Silverblue en chance for at finde sin niche p\u00e5 markedet. Om det lykkes - vil fremtiden vise.<\/p>\n

\nMaterialer fra Den F\u00f8rste blog om virksomhedens IaaS:<\/b><\/p>\n