{"id":36873,"date":"2019-10-31T22:14:26","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:14:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/server-dvuhfaktornoj-avtorizatsii-linotp\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:14:26","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:14:26","slug":"server-dvuhfaktornoj-avtorizatsii-linotp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/administrirovanie\/server-dvuhfaktornoj-avtorizatsii-linotp","title":{"rendered":"LinOTP to-faktor godkendelsesserver","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"LinOTP
\n
\nI dag vil jeg dele, hvordan man konfigurerer en to-faktor godkendelsesserver for beskyttelse af virksomhedens netv\u00e6rk, websteder, tjenester, SSH. Serveren vil k\u00f8re med: LinOTP + FreeRadius. <\/p>\n

Hvorfor har vi brug for det?
\nDet er en helt gratis, bekvem l\u00f8sning, der fungerer inden for eget netv\u00e6rk og ikke afh\u00e6nger af tredjepartsleverand\u00f8rer.<\/p>\n

Denne service er meget praktisk, overskuelig i mods\u00e6tning til andre open source-produkter og underst\u00f8tter et stort antal funktioner og politikker (for eksempel login+adgangskode+(PIN+OTPToken)). Gennem API integreres den med SMS-udbyder tjenester (LinOTP Config->Provider Config->SMS Provider), genererer koder til mobile apps som Google Autenticator og meget mere. Jeg finder den mere brugervenlig end den service, der overvejes i artikel<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Denne server fungerer fremragende med Cisco ASA, OpenVPN-server, Apache2 og generelt praktisk talt alt, der underst\u00f8tter autentifikation via RADIUS-server (for eksempel til SSH i et datacenter).<\/p>\n

P\u00e5kr\u00e6vet:<\/p>\n

1 ) Debian 8 (jessie) \u2014 Det er obligatorisk!<\/b> (Testinstallationen p\u00e5 Debian 9 er beskrevet i slutningen af artiklen)<\/p>\n

Start:<\/p>\n

Vi installerer Debian 8.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nVi tilf\u00f8jer LinOTP-repositoriet:<\/p>\n

# echo 'deb http:\/\/www.linotp.org\/apt\/debian jessie linotp' > \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/linotp.list<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nVi tilf\u00f8jer n\u00f8gler:<\/p>\n
# gpg --search-keys 913DFF12F86258E5<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nNogle gange ved en \"ren\" installation, efter at have k\u00f8rt denne kommando, viser Debian: <\/p>\n
gpg: oprettet mappe `\/root\/.gnupg'\ngpg: oprettet ny konfigurationsfil `\/root\/.gnupg\/gpg.conf'\ngpg: ADVARSEL: parametre i `\/root\/.gnupg\/gpg.conf' er endnu ikke aktive ved denne opstart\ngpg: oprettet n\u00f8gletabel `\/root\/.gnupg\/secring.gpg'\ngpg: oprettet n\u00f8gletabel `\/root\/.gnupg\/pubring.gpg'\ngpg: n\u00f8gleservere er ikke indstillet (brug --keyserver)\ngpg: fejl ved s\u00f8gning p\u00e5 n\u00f8gleserver: d\u00e5rlig URI\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nDette er den indledende konfiguration af gnupg. Det er ikke alvorligt. K\u00f8r kommandoen bare igen.
\nTil Debians sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5l:<\/p>\n
gpg: s\u00f8ger \"913DFF12F86258E5\" p\u00e5 hkp-serveren keys.gnupg.net\n(1)\tLSE LinOTP2 Packaging \n\t  2048 bit RSA-n\u00f8gle F86258E5, oprettet: 2010-05-10\nN\u00f8gler 1-1 af 1 for \"913DFF12F86258E5\". Indtast nummer, N) N\u00e6ste eller Q) Afslut><\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSvar: 1<\/p>\n
N\u00e6ste: <\/p>\n
# gpg --export 913DFF12F86258E5 | apt-key add -<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nVi installerer mysql. Teoretisk set kan en anden SQL-server bruges, men jeg vil for enkelhedens skyld bruge den, som anbefales til LinOTP.<\/p>\n
(Yderligere oplysninger, herunder om omkonfigurering af LinOTP-database, kan findes i den officielle dokumentation om linket<\/a><\/noindex>. Her kan du ogs\u00e5 finde kommandoen: dpkg-reconfigure linotp for at \u00e6ndre indstillingerne, hvis du allerede har installeret MySQL).<\/p>\n
# apt-get install mysql-server<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
 (At tjekke for opdateringer igen vil ikke skade)
\nVi installerer LinOTP og yderligere moduler:<\/p>\n
# apt-get install linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nVi svarer p\u00e5 installat\u00f8rens sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5l: 
\nBrug Apache2: ja
\nOpfind et kodeord til admin Linotp: \u00abDitKodeord\u00bb
\nGenerere et selvsigneret certifikat?: ja
\nBrug MySQL?: ja
\nHvor er databasen placeret: localhost
\nOpretter LinOTP-database (database navn) p\u00e5 serveren: LinOTP2
\nOpretter en separat bruger til databasen: LinOTP2
\nIndstil kodeord til brugeren: \u00abDitKodeord\u00bb
\nSkal vi oprette databasen nu? (noget med \"Er du sikker p\u00e5, at du vil ...\"): ja
\nIndtast root-kodeordet fra MySQL, som du oprettede under installationen: \u00abDitKodeord\u00bb
\nF\u00e6rdig.<\/p>\n
(valgfrit, kan undlades)<\/p>\n
# apt-get install linotp-adminclient-cli <\/code><\/pre>\n
\n(valgfrit, kan undlades)<\/p>\n
# apt-get install libpam-linotp  <\/code><\/pre>\n
\nOg nu er vores webgr\u00e6nseflade Linotp tilg\u00e6ngelig p\u00e5 adressen: <\/p>\n
"<b>https<\\\/b>: \\\/\\\/IP_server\\\/manage"<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nJeg vil fort\u00e6lle lidt mere om indstillingerne i webgr\u00e6nsefladen senere.<\/p>\n
Nu, det vigtigste! Vi starter FreeRadius og knytter det til Linotp.<\/p>\n
Installerer FreeRadius og modulet til LinOTP<\/p>\n
# apt-get install freeradius linotp-freeradius-perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nsikrer konfigurationsfilerne klient og Users for radius.<\/p>\n
# mv \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.conf  \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.old<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# mv \/etc\/freeradius\/users  \/etc\/freeradius\/users.old<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nOpretter en tom klientfil:<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nRedigerer vores nye konfigurationsfil (den sikkerhedskopierede konfiguration kan bruges som eksempel)<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
client 192.168.188.0\/24 {\nsecret  = passwd # adgangskode til klientforbindelser\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nDerefter opretter vi brugernavnfilen:<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/freeradius\/users<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nRedigerer filen, og fort\u00e6ller radius, at vi vil bruge perl til autentificering.<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/users<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
DEFAULT Auth-type := perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nDerefter redigerer vi filen \/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/perl<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nVi skal indtaste stien til perl-scriptet linotp i parameteren module: <\/p>\n
Perl { .......\n.........\nmodule = \/usr\/lib\/linotp\/radius_linotp.pm<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n.....
\nDerefter opretter vi en fil, hvor vi angiver, fra hvilken (dom\u00e6ne, database eller fil) dataene skal hentes.<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
URL=https:\/\/IP_af_din_LinOTP_server(192.168.X.X)\/validate\/simplecheck\nREALM=webusers1c\nRESCONF=LocalUser\nDebug=True\nSSL_CHECK=False<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nHer stopper jeg lidt mere op, da dette er vigtigt:<\/p>\n
Fuld beskrivelse af filen med kommentarer:
\n#IP of the linotp server (IP \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e LinOTP \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430)
\nURL=https:\/\/172.17.14.103\/validate\/simplecheck
\n#\u041d\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0431 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0435 LinOTP.)
\nREALM=rearm1
\n#\u0418\u043c\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u044e\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0431\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0435 LinOTP.
\nRESCONF=flat_file
\n#optional: comment out if everything seems to work fine
\nDebug=True
\n#optional: use this, if you have selfsigned certificates, otherwise comment out (SSL \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c)
\nSSL_CHECK=False<\/p>\n
Derefter opretter vi filen \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-available\/linotp<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-available\/linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-available\/linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nOg vi kopierer konfigurationen ind i den (skal ikke \u00e6ndres):<\/p>\n
authorize {\n# normaliserer forkert dannet klientanmodning, f\u00f8r den gives til andre moduler (se '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/preprocess')\npreprocess\n# Hvis du bruger flere slags dom\u00e6ner, vil du sandsynligvis\n# gerne indstille \"ignore_null = yes\" for alle af dem.\n# Ellers, n\u00e5r den f\u00f8rste stil af dom\u00e6ne ikke matcher,\n# vil de andre stilarter ikke blive tjekket.\n# tillader en liste over dom\u00e6ner (se '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/realm')\nIPASS\n# forst\u00e5r noget som USER@REALM og kan adskille komponenterne (se '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/realm')\nsuffix\n# forst\u00e5r USERREALM og kan adskille komponenterne (se '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/realm')\nntdomain\n# L\u00e6s 'users'-filen for at l\u00e6re om s\u00e6rlig konfiguration, der skal anvendes for\n# bestemte brugere (se '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/files')\nfiles\n# tillader autentificering at udl\u00f8be (se '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/expiration')\nexpiration\n# tillader at definere gyldige serviceretider (se '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/logintime')\nlogintime\n# Vi har ikke radius_shortname_map!\npap\n}\n# her kaldes linotp perl-modulet til videre behandling\nauthenticate {\nperl\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nDerefter opretter vi et symlink:<\/p>\n
# ln -s ..\/sites-available\/linotp \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-enabled<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nPersonligt dr\u00e6ber jeg standardradius-webstederne, men hvis du har brug for dem, kan du enten redigere deres konfiguration eller deaktivere dem.<\/p>\n
# rm \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-enabled\/default<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# rm \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-enabled\/inner-tunnel<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# service freeradius reload<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nLad os nu g\u00e5 tilbage til webgr\u00e6nsefladen og se n\u00e6rmere p\u00e5 den:
\nKlik i \u00f8verste h\u00f8jre hj\u00f8rne p\u00e5 LinOTP Config -> UserIdResolvers -> Ny
\nV\u00e6lg hvad vi \u00f8nsker: LDAP (AD win, LDAP samba), eller SQL, eller lokale systembrugere Flatfile. <\/p>\n
Udfyld de n\u00f8dvendige felter.<\/p>\n
Derefter opretter vi REALMS:
\nKlik i \u00f8verste h\u00f8jre hj\u00f8rne p\u00e5 LinOTP Config -> Realms -> Ny. 
\nog giv vores REALMS et navn, og klik p\u00e5 den tidligere oprettede UserIdResolvers.<\/p>\n
Alle disse oplysninger er n\u00f8dvendige for freeRadius i filen \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini, som jeg n\u00e6vnte ovenfor, s\u00e5 hvis du ikke har redigeret den, s\u00e5 g\u00f8r det nu.<\/p>\n
Serveren er konfigureret.<\/p>\n
S\u00e5rbarheden er bekr\u00e6ftet i mange officielle Docker-billeder, herunder billeder af couchbase, elasticsearch, flink, solr, storm osv.<\/p>\n
Ops\u00e6tning af LinOTP p\u00e5 Debian 9<\/b>:<\/p>\n
Installation: <\/p>\n
# echo 'deb http:\/\/linotp.org\/apt\/debian stretch linotp' > \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/linotp.list <\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install dirmngr<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-key adv --recv-keys 913DFF12F86258E5\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-get install mysql-server<\/code><\/pre>\n
 (som standard tilbyder Debian 9 mysql (mariaDB) ikke at s\u00e6tte en rodadgangskode, du kan selvf\u00f8lgelig lade den v\u00e6re tom, men hvis du l\u00e6ser nyhederne, f\u00f8rer det ofte til \"episke fejl\", s\u00e5 vi s\u00e6tter den alligevel)<\/p>\n
# mysql -u root -p<\/code><\/pre>\n
use mysql;<\/code><\/pre>\n
UPDATE user SET Password = PASSWORD('her_er_adgangskoden') WHERE User = 'root';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
sigreturn<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install linotp-adminclient-cli<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install python-ldap<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt install freeradius<\/code><\/pre>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/3.0\/sites-enabled\/linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
Vi inds\u00e6tter koden (sendt af JuriM, tak for det!):<\/p>\n
server linotp {
\nlyt {
\n ipaddr = *
\n port = 1812
\n type = auth
\n}
\nlyt {
\n ipaddr = *
\n port = 1813
\n type = acct
\n}
\nautoriser { 
\n preprocess
\n opdater { 
\n &control:Auth-Type := Perl
\n } 
\n} 
\nautentificer {
\n Auth-Type Perl {
\n perl
\n }
\n}
\nregnskab {
\n unix
\n}
\n}<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Rediger \/etc\/freeradius\/3.0\/mods-enabled\/perl<\/p>\n
perl {
\n filnavn = \/usr\/share\/linotp\/radius_linotp.pm
\n func_authenticate = authenticate
\n func_authorize = authorize
\n}<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Desv\u00e6rre installeres bibliotekerne radius_linotp.pm ikke i debian 9 fra repositories, s\u00e5 vi henter dem fra github.<\/p>\n
# apt install git<\/code><\/pre>\n
# git clone https:\/\/github.com\/LinOTP\/linotp-auth-freeradius-perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
# cd linotp-auth-freeradius-perl\/<\/code><\/pre>\n
# cp radius_linotp.pm \/usr\/share\/linotp\/radius_linotp.pm<\/code><\/pre>\n
nu retter vi \/etc\/freeradius\/3.0\/clients.conf <\/p>\n
client servers {
\n ipaddr = 192.168.188.0\/24
\n hemmelighed = ditadgangskode
\n}<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
nu retter vi nano \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini<\/p>\n
Vi inds\u00e6tter den samme kode som ved installationen p\u00e5 debian 8 (beskrevet ovenfor)<\/p>\n
teoretisk set er det hele. (ikke testet endnu)<\/p>\n
Jeg efterlader nogle links nedenfor til ops\u00e6tning af systemer, der ofte kr\u00e6ver beskyttelse med to-faktor autentificering: 
\nOps\u00e6tning af to-faktor autentificering i Apache2<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
Ops\u00e6tning med Cisco ASA<\/a><\/noindex>(der bruges en anden token-genereringsserver, men konfigurationen af ASA er den samme).<\/p>\n
VPN med to-faktor autentificering<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
Indstillinger to-faktor autentificering i ssh<\/a><\/noindex> (der bruges ogs\u00e5 LinOTP) \u2014 tak til forfatteren. Der kan ogs\u00e5 findes interessante ting omkring ops\u00e6tning af LiOTP politikker.<\/p>\n
Mange CMS'er underst\u00f8tter ogs\u00e5 to-faktor autentificering (For WordPress har LinOTP endda sin egen specielle modul til github<\/a><\/noindex>), for eksempel hvis du vil lave et beskyttet omr\u00e5de for virksomhedens ansatte p\u00e5 dit firmas websted.
\nVIGTIG FAKT! S\u00e6t ikke flueben ved \u00abGoogle autenteficator\u00bb for at bruge Google autentifikator! QR-koden kan ikke scannes s\u00e5... (m\u00e6rkelig fakta)<\/p>\n
Til skrivningen af artiklen blev der brugt information fra f\u00f8lgende artikler:
\nitnan.ru\/post.php?c=1&p=270571<\/a><\/noindex>
\nwww.digitalbears.net\/?p=469<\/a><\/noindex> <\/p>\n
Tak til forfatterne.
\n
Kilde: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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