{"id":37221,"date":"2019-10-31T22:16:24","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/pochemu-sistemnye-administratory-dolzhny-stanovitsya-devops-inzhenerami\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:16:24","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:24","slug":"pochemu-sistemnye-administratory-dolzhny-stanovitsya-devops-inzhenerami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/administrirovanie\/pochemu-sistemnye-administratory-dolzhny-stanovitsya-devops-inzhenerami","title":{"rendered":"Hvorfor systemadministratorer skal blive DevOps-ingeni\u00f8rer","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Hvorfor
\n<\/p>\n

Der er ikke noget bedre tidspunkt at l\u00e6re i livet end i dag.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/i>
\nDet er 2019, og emnet DevOps er mere relevant end nogensinde. Man siger, at dage med systemadministratorer er forbi, ligesom \u00e6raen med mainframes. Men er det virkelig tilf\u00e6ldet?
\nSom det ofte er tilf\u00e6ldet i IT, er situationen \u00e6ndret. DevOps-metodologien er opst\u00e5et, men den kan ikke eksistere uden en person med systemadministratorf\u00e6rdigheder, det vil sige uden Ops.<\/p>\n

F\u00f8r DevOps-tilgangen fik sin moderne form, betragtede jeg mig selv som en del af Ops-kategorien. Jeg ved godt, hvad en sysadmin f\u00f8ler, n\u00e5r de indser, hvor meget de endnu ikke kan, og hvor lidt tid de har til at l\u00e6re det.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"Hvorfor<\/p>\n

Men er det virkelig s\u00e5 skr\u00e6mmende? Jeg vil sige, at man ikke skal betragte manglen p\u00e5 viden som et stort problem. Det er snarere en professionel udfordring. <\/p>\n

Web-scale produkter er baseret p\u00e5 Linux eller anden software med \u00e5bent kildekode, og der er f\u00e6rre og f\u00e6rre specialister p\u00e5 markedet, der kan vedligeholde dem. Eftersp\u00f8rgslen har allerede oversteget antallet af fagfolk p\u00e5 dette omr\u00e5de. En systemadministrator kan ikke l\u00e6ngere bare forts\u00e6tte med at arbejde uden at h\u00e6ve sin kvalifikationsniveau. De skal have automatiseringsf\u00e6rdigheder for at kunne h\u00e5ndtere mange servere\/noder og forst\u00e5 principperne for deres drift for at kunne l\u00f8se opst\u00e5ede problemer.<\/p>\n

F\u00f8r du bliver medlem af DevOps-teamet, skal du tage en ret lang, men interessant rejse, hvor du l\u00e6rer nye teknologier og forskellige v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer, der er n\u00f8dvendige for at vedligeholde systemet if\u00f8lge DevOps-standarder. <\/p>\n

S\u00e5 hvordan kan en systemadministrator skifte fra den s\u00e6dvanlige arbejdsmetode til den nye DevOps-koncept? Det er ligesom altid: f\u00f8rst skal du \u00e6ndre din tankegang. Det er slet ikke let at give slip p\u00e5 den tilgang, du har fulgt de sidste ti eller tyve \u00e5r og begynde at g\u00f8re tingene anderledes, men det er n\u00f8dvendigt.<\/p>\n

For starters, it is important to understand that DevOps is not a specific position within a company, but rather a set of defined practices. These practices involve the distribution of isolated systems, minimizing the damage caused by bugs and errors, frequent and timely software updates, effective communication between developers (Dev) and administrators (Ops), and continuous testing not only of the code but of the entire structure within the process. continuous integration and delivery (CI\/CD)<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Along with a change in mindset, one must learn to maintain infrastructure and ensure its stable operation, reliability, and availability for continuous integration and delivery of applications, services, and software.<\/p>\n

What you may lack as an Ops specialist are programming skills. Nowadays, writing scripts that system administrators use for automated patch installation on servers, file and account management, troubleshooting, and documentation is considered outdated. In relatively simple cases, scripts are still used, but the DevOps concept implies solving large-scale tasks, whether it\u2019s deployment, testing, working with builds, or deployment.<\/p>\n

Thus, if you want to learn automation, you need to grasp at least a bit of programming, even if you are not a developer, as this is necessary at this stage of your development. infrastructure automation<\/a><\/noindex> in DevOps requires this skill.<\/p>\n

What to do? To remain a sought-after specialist, you need to acquire relevant skills \u2014 learn at least one programming language, for example, Python. For someone who is professionally engaged in administration, this may seem challenging, as they are used to thinking that only developers do programming. It is not necessary to become an expert, but knowledge of one of the programming languages (which could be Python, Bash, or even Powershell<\/a><\/noindex>), will undoubtedly be an advantage.<\/p>\n

For at l\u00e6re at programmere kr\u00e6ver det tid. V\u00e6r opm\u00e6rksom og t\u00e5lmodig \u2013 det vil hj\u00e6lpe dig med at bevare forst\u00e5elsen, n\u00e5r du kommunikerer med udviklerne fra DevOps-teamet og kunderne. Halv time om dagen, en time eller mere \u2013 at l\u00e6re et programmeringssprog b\u00f8r v\u00e6re dit prim\u00e6re m\u00e5l.<\/p>\n

Systemadministratorer og DevOps-specialister l\u00f8ser lignende opgaver, men der er ogs\u00e5 v\u00e6sentlige forskelle. Man mener, at en systemadministrator ikke kan g\u00f8re alt det, som en DevOps-ingeni\u00f8r kan. Systemadministratoren er mere fokuseret p\u00e5 konfiguration, vedligeholdelse og sikring af drift af serversystemer, mens DevOps-ingeni\u00f8ren tr\u00e6kker hele l\u00e6sset og lidt til.<\/p>\n

Men hvor korrekt er denne p\u00e5stand?<\/p>\n

Systemadministrator: en kriger p\u00e5 marken<\/h3>\n

\nP\u00e5 trods af de forskelle og ligheder, der er n\u00e6vnt i denne artikel, mener jeg stadig, at der ikke er v\u00e6sentlig forskel mellem systemadministration og DevOps. Systemadministratorer har altid udf\u00f8rt de samme funktioner som DevOps-specialister, det var bare ingen, der kaldte det DevOps f\u00f8r. Jeg mener, der er ingen grund til at lede efter forskelle, is\u00e6r hvis det ikke relaterer til en bestemt opgave. Vi m\u00e5 heller ikke glemme, at i mods\u00e6tning til systemadministratoren er DevOps ikke en stilling, men et koncept.<\/p>\n

Det er vigtigt at n\u00e6vne en anden v\u00e6sentlig ting, uden hvilken snakken om b\u00e5de administration og DevOps ville v\u00e6re ufuldst\u00e6ndig. Traditionel systemadministration indeb\u00e6rer, at specialisten har et konkret s\u00e6t f\u00e6rdigheder og er fokuseret p\u00e5 at vedligeholde forskellige typer infrastrukturer. Ikke at forst\u00e5 det som en universalmedarbejder, men at der er en r\u00e6kke opgaver, som alle administratorer udf\u00f8rer.<\/p>\n

For eksempel er de fra tid til anden n\u00f8dt til at fungere som en slags teknisk multih\u00e5ndterr, hvilket betyder at g\u00f8re bogstaveligt talt alt muligt. Og hvis s\u00e5dan en administrator er alene i hele organisationen, s\u00e5 vil han udf\u00f8re alt det tekniske arbejde. Det kan v\u00e6re alt fra vedligeholdelse af printere og kopimaskiner til opgaver relateret til netv\u00e6rk, s\u00e5som ops\u00e6tning og administration af routere og switche eller ops\u00e6tning af firewalls.<\/p>\n

Han vil ogs\u00e5 v\u00e6re ansvarlig for opdatering af hardware, kontrol og analyse af logs, sikkerhedsrevision, installation af patches p\u00e5 serveren, fejlfinding, analyse af grund\u00e5rsager og automatisering - typisk gennem PowerShell, Python eller Bash-scripts. Et eksempel p\u00e5 anvendelsen af scripts<\/a><\/noindex> er administrationen af brugerkonti og grupper. Oprettelse af brugerkonti og tildeling af tilladelser er en yderst tidskr\u00e6vende opgave, da brugere optr\u00e6der og forsvinder n\u00e6sten hver dag. Automatisering gennem scripts frig\u00f8r tid til at fokusere p\u00e5 mere vigtige infrastrukturelle opgaver, s\u00e5som opdatering af switches og servere og udf\u00f8relse af andre projekter, der p\u00e5virker selskabets rentabilitet, hvor administratoren arbejder (selvom det ofte antages, at IT-afdelingen ikke genererer indt\u00e6gter direkte).<\/p>\n

Systemadministratorens opgave er ikke at spilde tid og at spare penge for virksomheden p\u00e5 enhver mulig m\u00e5de. Nogle gange arbejder systemadministratorer som medlemmer af et stort team, der forener eksempelvis Linux, Windows, database-, lagringsadministratorer osv. Arbejdstiden kan ogs\u00e5 variere. For eksempel overf\u00f8rer et skift i \u00e9n tidszone sin opgaver til det n\u00e6ste skift i en anden tidszone for at sikre, at processerne ikke stopper (follow-the-sun); eller medarbejderne har en almindelig arbejdsdag fra 9 til 17; eller det kan v\u00e6re arbejde i et 24\/7 datacenter.<\/p>\n

Over tid har systemadministratorer l\u00e6rt at t\u00e6nke strategisk og kombinere vigtige opgaver med rutineopgaver. Teams og afdelinger, som de arbejder i, har ofte ikke de n\u00f8dvendige ressourcer, men alle str\u00e6ber efter at fuldf\u00f8re de daglige opgaver fuldt ud.<\/p>\n

DevOps: udvikling og vedligeholdelse er en slags filosofi for udviklings- og vedligeholdelsesprocesser. Denne tilgang i IT-verdenen er blevet virkelig innovativ.<\/h3>\n

\nDevOps<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 det er en slags filosofi for udviklings- og vedligeholdelsesprocesser. Denne tilgang i IT-verdenen er blevet virkelig nyskabende. <\/p>\n

Under the auspices of DevOps, on one side works a team of software developers, and on the other side \u2014 a team of maintenance specialists. Frequently, they are joined by product managers, testers, and user interface designers. By combining their efforts, these specialists optimize operational processes to quickly roll out new applications and update code to support and improve the overall efficiency of the entire company.<\/p>\n

At the core of DevOps is the management of software development and operation throughout the entire lifecycle. Maintenance specialists must support developers, while developers need to understand not only the APIs used in the systems. They must comprehend what lies 'under the hood' (i.e., how the hardware and operating systems function) to better handle errors, resolve issues, and collaborate with maintenance specialists.<\/p>\n

System administrators can transition to the DevOps team if they wish to learn the latest technologies and are open to innovative ideas and solutions. As I mentioned, they do not necessarily have to become full-fledged programmers, but mastering programming languages such as Ruby, Python, or Go will make them very valuable team members. Although system administrators traditionally handle all tasks independently and are often seen as loners, in DevOps, they will experience a completely opposite scenario where all participants in the process interact with one another.<\/p>\n

The topic of automation is becoming increasingly relevant. Both system administrators and DevOps specialists are interested in operational scalability, reducing the number of errors, as well as the quick identification and resolution of existing issues. Thus, automation is a concept where the two fields converge. System administrators are responsible for such cloud services as AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud Platform. They need to understand the principles of continuous integration and delivery and how to utilize tools like Jenkins<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Moreover, system administrators must apply configuration and management tools such as Ansible<\/a><\/noindex>, der er n\u00f8dvendige for parallelt at deployere ti eller tyve servere.<\/p>\n

Det grundl\u00e6ggende begreb \u2014 infrastruktur som kode<\/a><\/noindex>. Software er overalt. Faktisk, for at professionen som systemadministrator ikke skal miste relevans, skal fokus blot skiftes en smule. Systemadministratorer besk\u00e6ftiger sig med vedligeholdelse og skal kunne samarbejde effektivt med udviklere, og omvendt. Som man siger, \u00e9n hoved er god, men to er bedre.<\/p>\n

Og den sidste detalje i denne mekanisme \u2014 er Git<\/a><\/noindex>. Arbejde med Git er en af de traditionelle hverdagopgaver for systemadministratorer. Dette versionstyringssystem er bredt brugt af udviklere, DevOps-specialister, Agile-teams og mange andre. Hvis dit arbejde er relateret til softwarelivscyklussen, vil du helt sikkert arbejde med Git.<\/p>\n

Git indeholder en masse muligheder. Du vil sandsynligvis aldrig l\u00e6re alle Git-kommandoer, men du vil helt sikkert forst\u00e5, hvorfor dette v\u00e6rkt\u00f8j betragtes som essentielt i kommunikation og samarbejde om software. En grundl\u00e6ggende forst\u00e5else af Git er meget vigtig, hvis du arbejder i et DevOps-team.<\/p>\n

Hvis du er systemadministrator, skal du l\u00e6re Git bedre at kende, forst\u00e5, hvordan versionsstyring er opbygget, og huske de almindelige kommandoer: git status, git commit -m, git add, git pull, git push, git rebase, git branch, git diff <\/b>og andre. Der findes mange onlinekurser og b\u00f8ger, der kan hj\u00e6lpe med at l\u00e6re dette emne fra bunden og blive en professionel med specifikke f\u00e6rdigheder. Der er ogs\u00e5 gode skemaer med Git-kommandoer<\/a><\/noindex>, s\u00e5 det er ikke n\u00f8dvendigt at kunne dem alle udenad, men jo mere du bruger Git, desto lettere bliver det for dig.<\/p>\n

Konklusion<\/h3>\n

\nI sidste ende er det op til dig at beslutte, om du vil blive DevOps-specialist eller foretr\u00e6kker at forblive systemadministrator. Som du kan se, kr\u00e6ver overgangen uddannelse, men jo tidligere du starter, jo bedre. V\u00e6lg et programmeringssprog og l\u00e6r samtidig v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer som Git<\/a><\/noindex> (versionskontrol), Jenkins<\/a><\/noindex> (CI\/CD, kontinuerlig integration) og Ansible<\/a><\/noindex> (konfiguration og automatisering). Uanset hvilken mulighed du v\u00e6lger, skal du huske, at du altid skal l\u00e6re og forbedre dine f\u00e6rdigheder.
\n
Kilde: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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