{"id":37278,"date":"2019-10-31T22:16:45","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:16:45","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:45","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2","title":{"rendered":"Udviklingen af pakke-filteret nftables 0.9.2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/marc.info\/?l=netfilter&#038;m=156621590113089&#038;w=2\">Har fundet sted<\/a><\/noindex> pakke-filter udgivelse <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/netfilter.org\/projects\/nftables\/\">nftables 0.9.2<\/a><\/noindex>, som udvikler sig som en erstatning for iptables, ip6tables, arptables og ebtables ved at forene gr\u00e6nsefladerne til pakke filtrering for IPv4, IPv6, ARP og netv\u00e6rksbroer. I nftables-pakken indg\u00e5r komponenter til pakke filtrering, der arbejder i brugerens rum, mens nf_tables-subsystemet, der er en del af Linux-kernen siden version 3.13, s\u00f8rger for arbejdet p\u00e5 kerniveau. De n\u00f8dvendige \u00e6ndringer for at inkludere nftables 0.9.2 i Linux-kernen 5.3.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00e5 kernel niveau tilbydes kun et generelt interface, der ikke er afh\u00e6ngigt af protokollen og giver grundl\u00e6ggende funktioner til at udtr\u00e6kke data fra pakker, udf\u00f8re operationer med data og kontrollere str\u00f8mmen. Selve filtreringslogikken og protokolspecifikke h\u00e5ndterere kompilere til bytekode i brugerrummet, hvorefter denne bytekode indl\u00e6ses i kernen via Netlink-gr\u00e6nsefladen og eksekveres i en speciel virtuel maskine, der minder om BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Denne tilgang muligg\u00f8r en betydelig reduktion af st\u00f8rrelsen p\u00e5 den kode, der k\u00f8rer p\u00e5 kernel niveau, og flytter alle funktioner til regel analyse og protokol logik til brugerrummet.<\/p>\n<p>Hovednyhederne:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Mulighed for at kontrollere portnummeret fra transportlagets header uafh\u00e6ngigt af protokoltypen p\u00e5 lag 4:\n<p>   add rule x y ip protocol { tcp, udp } th dport 53<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Underst\u00f8ttelse af genopretning af livstidsv\u00e6rdi for elementm\u00e6ngden:\n<p>   add element ip x y { 1.1.1.1 timeout 30s expires 15s }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Mulighed for at kontrollere specifikke muligheder (lsrr, rr, ssrr og ra) fra IPv4-pakker:\n<p>   add rule x y ip option rr exists drop<\/p>\n<p>For ruteindstillinger kan felterne type, ptr, length og addr kontrolleres:<\/p>\n<p>   add rule x y ip option rr type 1 drop<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> I udtryk er det nu tilladt at angive netv\u00e6rksprefixer og adresseintervaller:\n<p>   iifname ens3 snat to 10.0.0.0\/28<br \/>\n   iifname ens3 snat to 10.0.0.1-10.0.0.15<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Underst\u00f8ttelse af brugen af variabler i k\u00e6de definitioner:\n<p>    define default_policy = accept<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo bar { type filter hook input priority filter; policy $default_policy }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Angivelse af k\u00e6deprioritet kan nu ske b\u00e5de i numerisk og symbolsk form:\n<p>    define prio = filter<br \/>\n    define prionum = 10<br \/>\n    definer prioffset = \u00abfilter \u2014 150\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>    add table ip foo<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo bar { type filter hook input priority $prio; }<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo ber { type filter hook input priority $prionum; }<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo bor { type filter hook input priority $prioffset; }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Underst\u00f8ttelse af synproxy-modulet er implementeret. For eksempel kan f\u00f8lgende regel s\u00e6t bruges til at beskytte TCP-port 8888 med synproxy:\n<p>    table ip x {<br \/>\n            chain y {<br \/>\n                    type filter hook prerouting priority raw; policy accept;<br \/>\n                    tcp dport 8888 tcp flags syn notrack<br \/>\n            }<\/p>\n<p>            chain z {<br \/>\n                    type filter hook forward priority filter; policy accept;<br \/>\n                    tcp dport 8888 ct tilstand invalid, untracked synproxy mss 1460 \\<br \/>\n                       wscale 7 timestamp sack-perm ct state invalid drop<br \/>\n            }<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> For at definere i conntrack-tabellen ekstra forbindelser, der forventes med den aktuelle forbindelse, som anvendes i protokoller og scenarier, der kr\u00e6ver oprettelse af flere forbindelser, kan politikker defineres via standard regels\u00e6t. For eksempel, for at definere de efterf\u00f8lgende forbindelser til TCP-port 5432 efter forbindelser til port 8888, kan f\u00f8lgende regler angives:\n<p>        table x {<br \/>\n                ct expectation myexpect {<br \/>\n                        protocol tcp<br \/>\n                        dport 5432<br \/>\n                        timeout 1h<br \/>\n                        size 12<br \/>\n                        l3proto ip<br \/>\n                }<\/p>\n<p>                chain input {<br \/>\n                        type filter hook input priority 0;<br \/>\n                        ct state new tcp dport 8888 ct expectation set myexpect<br \/>\n                        ct state established,related counter accept<br \/>\n                }<br \/>\n        }<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Kilde: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51312\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.2, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 nf_tables, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 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