{"id":37655,"date":"2019-10-31T22:18:51","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:18:51","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:51","slug":"live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/news\/live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd","title":{"rendered":"Live distribution Knoppix har efter fire \u00e5rs brug forladt systemd.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Efter fire \u00e5rs brug af systemd har Debian-baserede Knoppix distribution fjernet det omstridte init-system.<\/i><\/p>\n

Denne s\u00f8ndag (18. august *<\/b>) blev version 8.6 af den popul\u00e6re Linux-distribution Knoppix baseret p\u00e5 Debian udgivet. Udgivelsen er baseret p\u00e5 Debian 10 (Buster), der blev udsendt den 9. juli, med flere pakker fra testing og unstable grene for at underst\u00f8tte nye grafikkort. Knoppix er en af de f\u00f8rste live-CD distributioner af Linux og er stadig meget popul\u00e6r blandt entusiaster.<\/p>\n

Udgivelsen af Knoppix 8.6 \u2014 den f\u00f8rste offentlige version af distributionen, der har afvist systemd, initialiseringssystemet udviklet af Lennart Poettering fra Red Hat, som skulle erstatte sysvinit. Mens tilpasningen af systemd har v\u00e6ret genstand for kontroverser og kritik, er systemd i \u00f8jeblikket standardvalget inden for mainstream. Det anvendes i upstream Knoppix \u2014 Debian; RHEL, CentOS og Fedora; openSUSE og SLES, samt Mageia og Arch.<\/p>\n

Utilfredsheden med systemd handler prim\u00e6rt om den overfl\u00f8dighed af funktioner, som subsystemet p\u00e5tager sig, eftersom projektet ikke lever op til Unix' grundl\u00e6ggende filosofi om at 'g\u00f8re \u00e9n ting, og g\u00f8re det godt'. Andre aspekter, s\u00e5som bin\u00e6re logfiler (i mods\u00e6tning til tekstbaserede logfiler, der er l\u00e6sbare for mennesker), m\u00f8der ogs\u00e5 kritik.<\/p>\n

Teknisk set var den f\u00f8rste version af Knoppix, der fjernede systemd, 8.5; men denne version blev kun distribueret eksklusivt med trykte udgaver af Linux Magazine Germany tidligere p\u00e5 \u00e5ret og var ikke tilg\u00e6ngelig for offentlig download. Skaberen af Knoppix, Klaus Knopper, skrev kort om beslutningen om at fjerne systemd i denne version (overs\u00e6ttelse fra tysk, links tilf\u00f8jet for kontekst):<\/p>\n

\u2018Det stadig kontroversielle systemd-starteprogram, som for nylig skabte opstand p\u00e5 grund af sikkerhedss\u00e5rbarheder<\/a>, blev integreret i Debian fra version 8.0 (Jessie) og blev fjernet fra og med udgivelsen af Knoppix 8.5. Jeg omg\u00e5ede de strikse afh\u00e6ngigheder med boot-systemet med mine egne pakker (patches. *<\/b>).<\/p>\n

For at opretholde systemd-lignende session management og dermed muligheden for at slukke og genstarte systemet fra en almindelig bruger, har jeg brugt session manageren elogind. Dette har gjort det muligt at undg\u00e5 systemd's indblanding i mange systemkomponenter og reduceret kompleksiteten i systemet generelt. Hvis du har brug for at starte dine egne tjenester ved opstart, skal du ikke oprette nogen systemd-enheder, bare skriv dine tjenester i en tekstfil \/etc\/rc.local, som indeholder eksempler og forklaringer.\u2019<\/p>\n

<\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

Knoppix har brugt systemd fra 2014 til 2019 og blev den anden i en meget kort liste over distributioner, der har integreret og derefter afvist systemd \u2014 Void Linux var den f\u00f8rste p\u00e5 denne liste. Der blev ogs\u00e5 i 2016 oprettet en forgrening af Debian \u2014 Devuan, der er baseret p\u00e5 systemd-fri filosofi. (Der findes en tilsvarende forgrening af Arch Linux \u2014 Artix, der bruger openRC. *<\/b>)<\/p>\n

Knoppix leveres ogs\u00e5 med et system til mennesker med handicap, ADRIANE (Audio Desktop Reference Implementation And Networking Environment), som er \u2018et talende menussystem, hvis opgave er at lette arbejdet og adgangen til internettet for computer-novicer, selvom de ikke har visuel kontakt med computersk\u00e6rmen,\u2019 og inkluderer valgfrit et sk\u00e6rmlupe-system baseret p\u00e5 Compiz.<\/p>\n

* \u2014 overs\u00e6tterens bem\u00e6rkning<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/noindex><\/p>\n

Kilde: linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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